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"During the war, a large number of psychologists and educators who had training and experience in conducting experimental research were called on to conduct research and develop training materials for the military services." (Reiser, 2001, p. 58)

https://speakeasydesigns.com/SDSU/student/SAGE/compsprep/History_of_Instructional_Design.pdf

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"He continued the development of theory related to stimulus-response and reinforcement by focusing on operant conditioning— manipulating variables in an effort to identify, predict, and control behavior. The goal of operant conditioning is to strengthen a response by following it with reinforcement."

Richey, Rita C.; Klein, James D.; Tracey, Monica W.. The Instructional Design Knowledge Base (p. 119). Taylor and Francis. Kindle Edition.

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B.F. Skinner   Operant Conditioning (Full video)

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"The authors of this work indicated that within the cognitive domain there were various types of learning outcomes, that objectives could be classified according to the type of learner behavior described therein, and that there was a hierarchical relationship among the various types of outcomes." (Reiser, 2001, p. 59).

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"The book describes how to write objectives that include a description of desired learner behaviors, the conditions under which the behaviors are to be performed, and the standards (criteria) by which the behaviors are to be judged." (Reiser, 2001, p. 59).

https://speakeasydesigns.com/SDSU/student/SAGE/compsprep/History_of_Instructional_Design.pdf

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Learn the parts of a performance-based learning objective, as described by Robert Mager, and how to use them. Download a free guide to learning objectives.

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"In 1965, Robert Gagné proposed a series of events that are associated with and address the mental conditions for learning... Use Gagné’s nine events in conjunction with Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy to design engaging and meaningful instruction."

Northern Illinois University. (n.d.) Gagné's Nine Events of Instruction. Center for Innovative Teaching and Learning. https://www.niu.edu/citl/resources/guides/instructional-guide/gagnes-nine-events-of-instruction.shtml

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An Overview of Gagne nine events of instruction in simple terms

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"Scriven named this tryout and revision process formative evaluation, and contrasted it with what he labeled summative evaluation, the testing of instructional materials after they are in their final form. Although the terms formative and summative evaluation were coined by Scriven, the distinction between these two approaches was previously made by Lee Cronbach." (Reiser, 2001, p. 61).

https://speakeasydesigns.com/SDSU/student/SAGE/compsprep/History_of_Instructional_Design.pdf

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This educational theory evolved concurrently with many others and helped to add the logical computer-like approach to ID.

Richey, Rita C.; Klein, James D.; Tracey, Monica W.. The Instructional Design Knowledge Base (p. 406). Taylor and Francis. Kindle Edition.

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"The 70s were notable for a proliferation of new instructional design models. First and foremost among this bumper crop, was ADDIE. The Centre for Educational Technology at Florida State University developed this instructional design framework for the US Army."

Growth Engineering. (10 June 2020).

A COMPREHENSIVE HISTORY OF INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN. Blog. https://www.growthengineering.co.uk/a-comprehensive-history-of-instructional-design/

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In the 1980's the first Apple Lisa, IBC's "Acorn", Windows, TRS-80's, and even the World Wide Web proliferate the world during this technology boom.

An important component of ID is the synthesis of psychology, educational theory, objectives, motivation, and technology.

More here.

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1990's - Constructivism & Schema Theories Rise

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1990's - Constructivism & Schema Theories Rise

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"The instructional principles associated with constructivism include requiring learners to (a) solve complex and realistic problems; (b) work together to solve those problems; (c) examine the problems from multiple perspectives; (d) take ownership of the learning process (rather than being passive recipients of instruction); and (e) become aware of their own role in the knowledge construction process (Driscoll, 2000, qtd. in Reiser, 2001, p. 63).

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Colleges begin forming online course sharing platforms, the first online university opens it's virtual doors, MIT Online & Coursera founded.

eStudent. (n.d.). Take a Trip Through the History of E-Learning. https://e-student.org/history-of-e-learning/#timeline-of-historical-events-in-e-learning

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Looking through educational policies, the rise in standardized testing and high stakes testing, including No Child Left Behind and Race to the Top, influenced Education as a whole. ID shifted towards Data-based learning and accommodation.

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"98% of Public Colleges & Universities offer online programs."

Straighterline. (n.d.).

A Brief History of Online Learning [Infographic]. https://www.straighterline.com/blog/brief-history-online-learning-infographic/

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2010's - LSI - Learning Targets, Curriculum Maps, Success Criteria

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2010's - LSI - Learning Targets, Curriculum Maps, Success Criteria

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Every teacher I know is haunted by those infamous Lesson Plan buzz words "Students Will Know..." for framing objectives and success criteria in the LSI-format.

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Baseline assessments, Progress Monitoring assessments, EOC exams... Teachers and ID are continuing to be asked to use data to modify learning to increase success.

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The pandemic threw accelerant and a match on remote learning, blended learning, focusing on standards while also accommodating for life beyond class and real-world implications for learning.

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Experts say pandemic shifting teaching methods