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Let's go back to the start of man to the very beginning. The first form of law enforcement was that of the Caveman. He protected all those that lived in his particular area. The way they punished individuals for crimes against the group was by banishment. Banishment was considered a death sentence and was a good deterrent for deviant behavior. 

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Let's go back to the start of man to the very beginning. The first form of law enforcement was that of the Caveman. He protected all those that lived in his particular area. The way they punished individuals for crimes against the group was by banishment. Banishment was considered a death sentence and was a good deterrent for deviant behavior. 

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Pharoah Hur Moheb around 1340 BC created the first recorded police organization in Egypt. His contributions to law enforcement are still shown today in the form of the use of K9s, border patrol, and collected taxes. He is most famous for his navy boats that patrolled the Nile River leading way for the first border patrol. 

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Pharoah Hur Moheb around 1340 BC created the first recorded police organization in Egypt. His contributions to law enforcement are still shown today in the form of the use of K9s, border patrol, and collected taxes. He is most famous for his navy boats that patrolled the Nile River leading way for the first border patrol. 

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Police are derived from the Greek word Politeria. Politeria is the Greek portion of the government that deals with the protection of life and property, preservation of peace and order, and prevention and suppression of crime. 

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Police are derived from the Greek word Politeria. Politeria is the Greek portion of the government that deals with the protection of life and property, preservation of peace and order, and prevention and suppression of crime. 

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Under the rule of Emperor Augustus Ceaser Rome gave its contribution to history.  The main function of the police was the maintenance of order and security. They were divided into seven divisions covering fourteen districts each consisting of a total of 98 districts. This gave way to the modern-day concept of police precincts. 

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Under the rule of Emperor Augustus Ceaser Rome gave its contribution to history.  The main function of the police was the maintenance of order and security. They were divided into seven divisions covering fourteen districts each consisting of a total of 98 districts. This gave way to the modern-day concept of police precincts. 

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Moving forward to 900 AD the American law enforcement concepts originated in England. Justice during this time was primarily based on revenge and retribution that was sought out by the family.  

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Moving forward to 900 AD the American law enforcement concepts originated in England. Justice during this time was primarily based on revenge and retribution that was sought out by the family.  

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King William, following the Norman Conquest in 1066, instituted a form of community policing called the frankpledge system. 

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King William, following the Norman Conquest in 1066, instituted a form of community policing called the frankpledge system. 

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The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica • Edit History

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frankpledge, system in medieval England under which all but the greatest men and their households were bound together by mutual responsibility to keep the peace. Frankpledge can be traced back to the laws of King Canute II the Great of Denmark and England (d. 1035), who declared that every man, ser…

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The Shire Reeve was the beginning of the American Sheriff. They were often assisted by the Constables who organized a posse to chase and apprehend criminals. 

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The Shire Reeve was the beginning of the American Sheriff. They were often assisted by the Constables who organized a posse to chase and apprehend criminals. 

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Shire Reeves - Sherriff: Here is a breakdown and example of how we went from Shire Reeve to a modern-day Sherriff. 

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Shire Reeves - Sherriff: Here is a breakdown and example of how we went from Shire Reeve to a modern-day Sherriff. 

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In 1285 the Night Watch System was created under the Statute of Winchester. One man from each parish was selected as a constable. This constable would draft citizens to be watchmen to guard the city at night. These citizens were not paid and often were found not guarding the city. 

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In 1285 the Night Watch System was created under the Statute of Winchester. One man from each parish was selected as a constable. This constable would draft citizens to be watchmen to guard the city at night. These citizens were not paid and often were found not guarding the city. 

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In 1326, the shire reeve was replaced with the justice of the peace. He was in charge of investigating crimes, securing criminals for trial, and organizing the night watch system. This system lasted well into the 1700s and gave us local law enforcement that was controlled by the citizens. These ideals carried over to the American Colonies.  

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In 1326, the shire reeve was replaced with the justice of the peace. He was in charge of investigating crimes, securing criminals for trial, and organizing the night watch system. This system lasted well into the 1700s and gave us local law enforcement that was controlled by the citizens. These ideals carried over to the American Colonies.  

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In 1748, Henry Fielding, a London magistrate, founded "The Bow Street Runners", a group of law enforcement agents who apprehended criminals and recovered stolen property from the entertainment district. 

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In 1748, Henry Fielding, a London magistrate, founded "The Bow Street Runners", a group of law enforcement agents who apprehended criminals and recovered stolen property from the entertainment district. 

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Moving forward to 1829 a more organized approach was needed due to industrialization, crowded cities, and an increase in crime. Sir Robert Peel and the English Parliament mandated a publicly funded police force with the London Metropolitan Police Act. 

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Moving forward to 1829 a more organized approach was needed due to industrialization, crowded cities, and an increase in crime. Sir Robert Peel and the English Parliament mandated a publicly funded police force with the London Metropolitan Police Act. 

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29th September 1829: The Metropolitan Police begins operating in London

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Sir Robert Peel's 9 Principles of Policing and 3 core ideas were born. He believed the main function of the police was to prevent crime without force, by practicing preventive policing. 

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Sir Robert Peel's 9 Principles of Policing and 3 core ideas were born. He believed the main function of the police was to prevent crime without force, by practicing preventive policing. 

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In 1829, Sir Robert Peel established the London Metropolitan Police Force. He became known as the "Father of Modern Policing," and his commissioners established a list of policing principles that remain as crucial and urgent today as they were two centuries ago. They contain three core ideas and nine principles.

9 Policing Principles

1. To prevent crime and disorder, as an alternative to their repression by military force and severity of legal punishment.

2. To recognize always that the power of the police to fulfill their functions and duties is dependent on public approval of their existence, actions and behavior, and on their ability to secure and maintain public respect.

3. To recognize always that to secure and maintain the respect and approval of the public means also the securing of the willing cooperation of the public in the task of securing observance of laws.

4. To recognize always that the extent to which the cooperation of the public can be secured diminishes proportionately the necessity of the use of physical force and compulsion for achieving police objectives.

5. To seek and preserve public favor, not by pandering to public opinion, but by constantly demonstrating absolute impartial service to law, in complete independence of policy, and without regard to the justice or injustice of the substance of individual laws, by ready offering of individual service and friendship to all members of the public without regard to their wealth or social standing, by ready exercise of courtesy and friendly good humor, and by ready offering of individual sacrifice in protecting and preserving life.

6. To use physical force only when the exercise of persuasion, advice and warning is found to be insufficient to obtain public cooperation to an extent necessary to secure observance of law or to restore order, and to use only the minimum degree of physical force which is necessary on any particular occasion for achieving a police objective.

7. To maintain at all times a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition that the police are the public and that the public are the police, the police being only members of the public who are paid to give full-time attention to duties which are incumbent on every citizen in the interests of community welfare and existence.

8. To recognize always the need for strict adherence to police-executive functions, and to refrain from even seeming to usurp the powers of the judiciary of avenging individuals or the State, and of authoritatively judging guilt and punishing the guilty.

9. To recognize always that the test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder, and not the visible evidence of police action in dealing with them.

3 CORE IDEAS

The goal is preventing crime, not catching criminals. If the police stop crime before it happens, we don't have to punish citizens or suppress their rights. An effective police department doesn't have high arrest stats; its community has low crime rates.

The key to preventing crime is earning public support. Every community member must share the responsibility of preventing crime, as if they were all volunteer members of the force. They will only accept this responsibility if the community supports and trusts the police.

The police earn public support by respecting community principles. Winning public approval requires hard work to build reputation: enforcing the laws impartially, hiring officers who represent and understand the community, and using force only as a last resort.

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Sir Robert Peel's Policing Principles In 1829, Sir Robert Peel established the London Metropolitan Police Force. He became known as the "Father of Modern

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The United States law enforcement has been influenced by all the various cultures we have studied thus far. Though most of our principles have come from England you can still see the other cultures present in modern-day policing. Moving forward we will discuss the various stages of the US historical law enforcement eras that we have gone through. 

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The United States law enforcement has been influenced by all the various cultures we have studied thus far. Though most of our principles have come from England you can still see the other cultures present in modern-day policing. Moving forward we will discuss the various stages of the US historical law enforcement eras that we have gone through. 

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6.3. Policing Eras – SOU-CCJ230 Introduction to the American Criminal Justice System

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Political Era (1840-1920) Police agencies were established to provide a unified police force in the major American cities. Under the spoils system, the police were powerful, corrupt, poorly trained, unsupervised, and frequently abusive to the public. The primary focus was on crime prevention and foot patrol. 

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Political Era (1840-1920) Police agencies were established to provide a unified police force in the major American cities. Under the spoils system, the police were powerful, corrupt, poorly trained, unsupervised, and frequently abusive to the public. The primary focus was on crime prevention and foot patrol. 

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Reform Era (Early part of 20th Century) This era was the result of the middle and upper classes' concern with corruption. These citizens wanted to stop political patronage, improve the efficiency of government, remove law enforcement from politics, and introduce modern technology. Civilian review boards were started, but ultimately failed due to none of the members having a background in law enforcement. 

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Reform Era (Early part of 20th Century) This era was the result of the middle and upper classes' concern with corruption. These citizens wanted to stop political patronage, improve the efficiency of government, remove law enforcement from politics, and introduce modern technology. Civilian review boards were started, but ultimately failed due to none of the members having a background in law enforcement. 

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Professional Era (1920s-1970s) August Vollmer was the Chief of Police in Berkley, California and he was the most famous police reformer to date. He started the School of Criminology at the University of California at Berkley. This became the model for all college-level criminal justice programs across the country. 

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Professional Era (1920s-1970s) August Vollmer was the Chief of Police in Berkley, California and he was the most famous police reformer to date. He started the School of Criminology at the University of California at Berkley. This became the model for all college-level criminal justice programs across the country. 

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How a Berkeley Police Chief Gave Rise to the Modern Force | KQED

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August Vollmer was Berkeley’s first police chief and is credited with pioneering many common aspects of policing used today. Like many historical figures, however, some of his contributions have a darker side too.

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O.W. Wilson studied under Vollmer and took his theories one step forward. He advocated that law enforcement use motorized patrols, radio communications, and rapid response to aid effective crime fighting. He also suggested the use of one-man patrols and rotating beat assignments. 

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O.W. Wilson studied under Vollmer and took his theories one step forward. He advocated that law enforcement use motorized patrols, radio communications, and rapid response to aid effective crime fighting. He also suggested the use of one-man patrols and rotating beat assignments. 

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Community Era (1970-Present) This is a strategy of policing centered on building close ties with the community. 

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Community Era (1970-Present) This is a strategy of policing centered on building close ties with the community. 

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The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)