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Relating to Question 4, the entanglement between scientific issues and political issues reflects co-production to a great extent. It's clear that these two groups would not be able to exist without each other, completely co-dependent. People come together to form a web of knowledge where vibrations from one end will travel all the way to the other end. In our case of the IPCC, the scientists spread the knowledge and the politicians or people in power, are able to act on it. Helping to make our world a better place!

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Honestly, from the description above it's obvious that the IPCC is both the agent and the product. The whole idea came to fruition by the realization that things are going south, and things need to change. We cannot keep dimensionally thinking of this. We need to expand and think of things on a global scale, the effect resulted in the absorption of many great minds into a single collective. Changing and redefining how we view the climate. The IPCC uses many "tactics" to ensure their terms were the ones that people used and people knew. By doing so they were able to create a unified front which has been extremely effective.

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In this sub-question, it's quite clear that the IPCC was acting as an agent transforming our knowledge redefining terms and problems on a global scale. It brought together people with similar mindsets and objectives to make a change. They decide who can do what and how terms are implemented. Clearly an agent and a product.

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Q4) How do some of the problems that occurred illustrate the entanglement of scientific and political issues

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Q4) How do some of the problems that occurred illustrate the entanglement of scientific and political issues

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The problems that are addressed by the IPCC; eg, Climate change being a global concept, illustrates how scientific issues and political issues are entangled. The IPCC forms a collaboration/interrelationship of fact-making (how scientists represent the world) and meaning-making (the understanding of the world as it is ought to be). In the aforementioned example of Climate Change, the entanglement can be seen as: scientists see the issue of climate change through epistemic claims, whereas politicians see the issue of climate change through practices that confer normative authority. One cannot survive without the other, meaning the government secures the trust and credibility of the fact, while the scientists state the issues that are happening in the world.

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It's important for us to have an understanding that the IPCC is acting as an agent and a product, although surprising it's possible. "This is not a contradiction," Miller states due to the weird nature of this possibility. The IPCC is vital in the process of the creation and reconfiguration of ideas, their forms, and the social aspect and circles they are placed in.

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Q3) Which strategies did the IPCC adopt to produce credibility and authority for the scientific agenda, thereby turning a specific scientific vision into a form of intergovernmental political collaboration?

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Q3) Which strategies did the IPCC adopt to produce credibility and authority for the scientific agenda, thereby turning a specific scientific vision into a form of intergovernmental political collaboration?

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Going through the text, on page 50, we understand that in the international settings, "Studies of environmental politics hold that ideas acquire political authority because they mirror the realities of nature."

One of the major strategies the IPCC used, suggested on page 58 to create an authority to allow their ideas to become globally well known was "swallowing" developing countries' scientists. When I say swallowing up, I don't mean it in the literal sense but in the concept that they allow participants from many different countries to join and gain information about other participants, Miller gives the example of "southern hemisphere climates and ecosystems." By being a part of the IPCC, the participants were able to develop their knowledge and help educate global leaders about the dangers of climate change. So if you think about the participants as being a sort of "Idea Trojan Horse" where the people bring back information to educate the leaders in their respective country who can make a difference. This was one of the ways they influenced social learning and awareness about climate change. So the more developmental participation, the more the ideas got around and the more influence and credibility IPSS had!

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How do these questions relate back to our main question?

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How do these questions relate back to our main question?

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Q1: What scientific understandings of climate are reflected in the formation of the IPCC ?

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Q1: What scientific understandings of climate are reflected in the formation of the IPCC ?

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Our interpretation of the first question is the differing opinions between our previous thoughts on climate versus our redefined understanding of climate after the creation of the IPCC.

Previously, climate change was considered to be changed in the weather in specific locales. Whereas now, climate change is framed to be a risk to the global environment.

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Q2) What did the IPCC do from there to make clear the necessity of global politics of climate?

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Q2) What did the IPCC do from there to make clear the necessity of global politics of climate?

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The IPCC reinforced its authority by articulating a new model of science and politics. Miller states "This offered a model of global politics in which experts and expert knowledge were accorded significant power to define problems of global policy", The IPCC is a panel to decide who can do what/ say what, in regards to climate change based on their experiences and qualifications.

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Main Question : The IPCC is "both an agent and a product of co-production" (p. 48). The IPCC is a concrete example of how global views of climate science and of political institutions are produced jointly. 

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Main Question : The IPCC is "both an agent and a product of co-production" (p. 48). The IPCC is a concrete example of how global views of climate science and of political institutions are produced jointly. 