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The effects of 9/11 were that double the amount of immigrants that come to the USA get deported. This is because a lot of people come here as refugees, but nowadays it’s not as widely accepted because of terrorist attacks. Especially from certain countries, but the issue is America was built off of immigrants so refugees should be kindly welcome here. As well as that, a lot of these immigrants do experience racism whether skin color or religious, because people associate them with terrorism.

https://www.kqed.org/lowdown/14066/13-years-later-four-major-lasting-impacts-of-911

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After the events of 9/11 the security in airports has changed very much over the years. For example before 9/11 people were never made to take off their shoes or belts, there was no such things as X-ray screening, there was only a metal detector which was not thorough enough. After flights resumed after the airplane hijacking very few people came back to the airports to travel but that is when people had seen that security had changed drastically, there were armed national guards as well as the police who thoroughly checked peoples bags and fully patted them down, making sure that these people did not have anything on them that could harm anyone else. There were also items like knives, box cutters, and any blades as well as other items that were banned as result of the hijacking. The 9/11 attack would also lead to President George W. Bush signing a law that created the  Transportation Security Administration. this also around the same time that a new cabinet in the Presidents administration would be born. It was the Department of Homeland Security. There was also an act made that required that all baggage be X-rayed with there also being more Air Marshals on many more flights with more reinforced cockpit door so no one could enter and TSA having to oversee all modes of transportation. This act was called the Aviation and Transportation Security Act.There was also and incident where a man named Richard Reid was able to smuggle a bomb on a plane by putting it in his shoe, luckily it became to damp in Reid’s shoes for it to detonate. This happened in on December 22, 2002 but it was wasn’t required to take off shoes until 2006 where liquids would also be banned. A canine force was also added to the airport so that there would be more depth in keeping everyone safe. In December of 2009 they changed the metal detector to full body scan metal detector after a man named Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab tried was able to smuggle two different chemicals that when mixed could turn into a bomb inside his underwear onto a plane. Luckily the chemicals became damp and wet which caused there to only be a fire. After reading all of this is easily able to see how much security has changed from a small metal detector to bans on items and more checking of a persons baggage and other precautions taken to make sure that something like 9/11 ever happens again.
https://www.npr.org/2021/09/10/1035131619/911-travel-timeline-tsa

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William Rodriguez was a former maintenance worker who helped save 9/11.  He knew each and every inch of the North Tower at the World Trade Center.  William Rodriguez helped save hundreds of lives including workers, employees, staff and even search dogs who previously got stuck in the building. He directed firefighters through the building while it was on fire.  He opened up locked doors for the firefighters and helped save all these lives.  An additional thing about this is that William Rodriguez is also supporting the Latino undocumented community in the U.S. as he is a Latino himself.  This also helped many undocumented Latinos behind the scenes.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Rodriguez

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William Rodríguez is a former janitor at the North Tower of the World Trade Center during the September 11, 2001, attacks and was in the basement of the North Tower when American Airlines Flight 11 crashed into the building. After the attacks he received several awards for heroism for helping in the evacuation of many survivors. The Birmingham Mail said about Rodriguez: "He bravely led firefighters up the stairs, unlocking doors as they climbed and helping hundreds of survivors" and The Lancashire Telegraph added: "He then went back into the building in a bid to rescue his friends at the top of the tower, on the 106th floor. But he kept finding others who needed his help as well."

Rodriguez became prominent in the Latino community for helping to institute an economic amnesty program for victims of 9/11 who were undocumented workers.

Subsequently, Rodriguez traveled around talking about a theory and his experiences on 9/11, giving motivational lectures and discussing disaster management. The newspaper of Glasgow characterized him as "the poster boy for a movement currently sweeping the globe... the 9/11 Truth Campaign."[citation needed ] He titled his website "911keymaster", appearing on TV and having himself photographed frequently with a 'master key' to the World Trade Center, which, he has alleged on BBC and Dutch TV and C-SPAN, saved hundreds of lives. He also used the title "Last Man Out", touring in the UK and the US with that phrase.[unreliable source? ] Rodriguez has also employed the "Last Survivor of the World Trade Center" slogan.

His website william911.com states that he "helped fifteen (15) persons from the WTC to safety." Newspapers articles state that he raised 122 million dollars for the victims of 9/11.

Magician's assistant

As a young man, Rodriguez worked under the stage name "Roudy" as an assistant to magician James Randi. A December 2005 article published on the Internet claimed that Rodriguez was adroit at insinuating himself into the good graces of Randi's targets and eliciting incriminating information, and that he had previously been featured on television in Puerto Rico escaping from a chained straitjacket while hanging from a burning rope.

WTC janitor

Rodriguez moved to New York from Puerto Rico and, according to the Internet article linked above, he "found himself a small fish in the big pond of New York magicians." He took a day job as a custodian at the World Trade Center. The article goes on to say that Rodriguez's show business aspirations fell by the wayside when his responsibilities for cleaning the office of Governor Mario Cuomo at the WTC expanded to include organizing Governor Cuomo's press conferences, and that after Cuomo left office in 1994, Rodriguez was reassigned to cleaning the windowless emergency staircases of the North Tower, where he remained until September 11, 2001.

September 11 attacks

Rodriguez said he usually clocked in at 8:00 a.m. and rode an elevator to the 106th floor, where Hispanic employees of the Windows on the World restaurant fed him a free breakfast. However, on the morning of September 11, 2001, Rodriguez was half an hour late and so reported directly to a basement office of his employer, American Building Maintenance.[citation needed ] On September 11, Rodriguez told CNN that shortly before the plane hit the tower he was in the basement when:

...we hear like a big rumble. Not like an impact, like a rumble, like moving furniture in a massive way. And all of sudden we hear another rumble, and a guy comes running, running into our office, and all of skin was off his body. All of the skin. We went crazy, we started screaming, we told him to get out. We took everybody out of the office outside to the loading dock area.

Rodriguez's early accounts repeatedly mentioned a large fireball that shot down the elevator shafts and exploded through the doors, causing serious burn injuries to a man who happened to be standing in front of one of the freight elevator doors. This was consistent with similar reports by numerous other witnesses who saw fireballs erupting and blowing out elevator doors and burning people. In September 2002, Rodriguez said in a CNN interview:

...and at that terrible day when I took people out of the office, one of them totally burned because he was standing in front of the freight elevator and the ball of fire came down the duct of the elevator itself, I put him on the ambulance.

He did not identify the name of the victim in this interview, but he did identify the name of the victim as Mr. Felipe David (a native of Honduras, working for the American catering company Aramark) in several other interviews. Mr. David was released after spending 10 weeks recovering in the hospital; first in the New York Weill Cornell Medical Center burn unit, and then in Mount Sinai Medical Center's rehab program. He had suffered third degree burns covering 40% of his upper body while escaping from the basement of 1 World Trade Center.[citation needed ]

The fire, the ball of fire, for example, I was in the basement when the first plane hit the building. And at that moment, I thought it was an electrical generator that blew up at that moment. A person comes running into the office saying 'explosion, explosion, explosion.' When I look at this guy; has all his skin pulled off of his body. Hanging from the top of his fingertips like it was a glove. And I said, what happened? He said the elevators. What happened was the ball of fire went down with such a force down the elevator shaft on the 58th (50A) - freight elevator, the biggest freight elevator that we have in the North Tower, it went out with such a force that it broke the cables. It went down, I think seven flights. The person survived because he was pulled from the B3 level. But this person, being in front of the doors waiting for the elevator, practically got his skin vaporized."

At that same NIST meeting, however, Rodriguez told investigators that he was "the last survivor pulled from the rubble". In fact, there were at least 18 survivors pulled from the rubble of the North Tower long after Rodriguez walked out of the building unharmed. The last survivor was Genelle Guzman-McMillan, who was rescued some 26 hours later at approximately 12:30 p.m. on September 12, 2001.

By August 17, 2007, after more than two years of telling his story to enthralled audiences, he told C-SPAN:

All of a sudden at 8:46... we hear 'BOOM!' An explosion so powerful and so loud that push us upward in the air coming from below! It was so powerful that all the walls cracked, the false ceiling fell on top of us, the fire sprinkler system got activated and everybody started screaming in horror: 'HELP! HELP! HELP!'

He stated that he used a master key to let people out from behind locked emergency exit doors, saving hundreds of people, and that he turned down Hollywood movie deals worth millions and book contracts "from every publisher" because he "wanted to maintain [his] integrity."

Rodriguez also claimed to have seen hijacker Mohand al-Shehri scoping out the building prior to the attacks, in June 2001. A Daily News article says he told the FBI and the 9/11 Commission that he recognized the man after a brief, chance encounter months prior to the terrorist attacks. "It is believed that American Airlines Flight 11 hijacker Mohamed Atta cased New York City targets, including the Diamond District, but Rodriguez may have given the 9/11 panel the first eyewitness testimony about a hijacker inside one of the towers before the terror strike.

Rodriguez gave evidence to the 9/11 Commission. As was the case with the vast majority of the more than 1200 witnesses who gave evidence to the Commission, Rodriguez's evidence was not given in public and was not specifically itemized in the Commission Report. Of the 1200+ witnesses whose testimony was taken by the Commission, approximately 160 were conducted publicly. Rodriguez complains that his testimony never appeared in the Commission Report and that many of the survivors were not called to testify. However, the Commission acknowledges that its report is only a summary of the work that it did, and that it specifically cites only a fraction of the sources it consulted. It acknowledges that due to the scope of the events touching so many issues and organizations, it did not interview every knowledgeable person or find every relevant piece of paper, but that its report is a foundation for a better understanding of a landmark in the history of the United States.

References

External links

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William Rodríguez is a former janitor at the North Tower of the World Trade Center during the September 11, 2001, attacks and was in the basement of the North Tower when American Airlines Flight 11 crashed into the building. After the attacks he received several awards for heroism for helping in the evacuation of many survivors.

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Article link: https://www.911memorial.org/connect/blog/remembering-man-red-bandana

On the tragic even of 9/11, a man named Wells Crowther is known to be a hero known as the man in the red bandanna. When the plane hit the World Trade Center on the 78th floor, people were scared and huddled together trying to avoid the smoke. Then a man wearing a red bandanna on his nose calmed everyone down and led the people to safety before the building eventually collapsed. This act of heroism will not be forgotten and will be carried on. The bandanna is also on display in the museum as a way to commemorate is heroic act on the day of America’s most tragic event.

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Shriya Peddu

The events of 9/11 have encouraged lots of racism towards American Muslims. 9/11 changed the lives of many American Muslims as some Americans understood it as “Muslims should not be trusted”. Hate crimes towards Muslim Americans have grown since 2001. But there have also been many civil organizations and community groups formed to speak out about anti-Islam hate crimes. In 2009 Obama’s speech in Cairo about Islam’s history and contributions Muslims have made through science, culture and more, many Americans were able to see that terrorism is not related to Islam.

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Rick Rescorla was a 9/11 hero that saved countless lives. He served in the British army and was a Vietnam veteran as an American soldier. After pursuing a teaching career at the University of South Carolina for a few years, he moved to a corporate security job working in the South Tower at the World Trade Center. As a veteran, Rescorla was aware of the terrorist threats while being in such a vulnerable place as the World Trade Center. Due to this, he always had his employees performing safety evacuation drills repeatedly in case of an emergency. This emergency happened on 9/11/01. When the first plane hit the North Tower, he knew what was happening and he had to start evacuating his employees. Shortly after, the South Tower that they were in was hit by the second plane. He loved to sing, so he sang to people to calm them down while they were running down the stairs to escape. Even after being told to get out of the building, he stayed in to help rescue more people. At this moment, he said, “I’ve got people to take care of”. He was last seen on the tenth floor heading up to try and save more people. He was able to keep people calm and rescue around 2,700 individuals in a horrible situation. He made a huge difference with his courage and compassion. Although his body was never found, he will be remembered as a hero who risked his life for others without a second thought.
Source: https://www.coffeeordie.com/rick-rescorla-september-11

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Rick Rescorla, a 62 year old man, was one of the many heroes of 9/11. He worked on the 44th floor of the World Trade Center Tower 1 at the time of the events of 9/11. Rescorla had experience in terrorist attacks as he was a British-American soldier, so when the planes hit the twin towers, Rescorla jumped quickly into action. Rescorla ran up and down 22 floors constantly in order to save his coworkers. In the end, Rescorla ended up saving 2,700 of his coworkers. This was before he was last seen on the 10th floor of the building. In an attempt to find more people to save, Rescorla went up to the tenth floor. However, the building started to collapse with him inside, unfortunately leading to his death. Rescorla stayed courageous, defiant, and remained a hero until the end.

Sources: https://www.veteransunited.com/network/rick-rescorla-american-hero-of-vietnam-and-911/

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Lucy and Richard reuniting after 10 years

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Lucy Gonzalez and Richard Eichen (By Advait Baijulal)

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Lucy Gonzalez and Richard Eichen (By Advait Baijulal)

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On September 11th, 2001, Richard and Lucy both worked on the 90th floor of the North tower. Richard was a consultant  for the Pass Consulting Group. He just started in September of 2001, and doesn’t have a key, so he waits for his colleague. Then a huge sound came and the whole tower was shook, he fell on the ground and suffered a head injury. Even with his injury he found an office with 4 people, and one of them was Lucy Gonzalez, everyone forged a way to escape from the collapsing tower. Lucy and Richard worked as a pair and ran down the stairs to get out of the building. Lucy fainted on the way down, but Richard helped her to keep going. They barely made it alive, and the building collapse only a few seconds later. Later on Lucy was sent to an ambulance, while Richard tried to go to the hospital to tend to his wounds. After some time he walked to his parents house which is close by, and some stranger offered a ride there. Later on he tried to see if Lucy was okay, and later on he found out she was. Ten years later they reunited and shared their memories about the wretched time.

Link:https://www.911memorial.org/connect/blog/911-survivors-reunite-survivor-tree-10-years-later

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Lauren Manning’s burn injuries due to 9/11.

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Lauren Manning: Beating the Odds (By Tanush Siva)

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Lauren Manning: Beating the Odds (By Tanush Siva)

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On September 11, 2001, Lauren Manning left her apartment, being 30 minutes late to her job at the World Trade Center. She exits her cab, and enters the building. As she stepped in, she hears an extremely loud sound, that she thought was construction work, but was actually exploding jet fuel coming down the elevator. She opened the elevator doors, and fire explodes from the elevator and engulfed Manning in flames. She is blasted out of the North Tower, and witnessed as a second plane crashed into the South Tower. Manning was rushed into a hospital, where she found out that 82% of her body was covered in flames, leaving here an 18% of surviving. More than six months later, and after many operations, against all odds, Manning was released from the hospital, and returned home. After her recovery, Lauren Manning has accomplished many things. Manning now speaks in many 9/11 memorial centers, carried the Olympic Torch for the 2004 Games, and is a successful author and entrepreneur.

https://www.vogue.com/article/lauren-manning-a-will-to-live

laurenmanning.com

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After both the towers collapsed on 9/11, around 300 dogs were trained and told to find live people in the area of the attack. One of the dogs who did this was Riley, a golden retriever. He was a member of FEMA’S Pennsylvania Task Force One, and he helped find many bodies dead and alive. Although 300 dogs were sent to locate bodies on Ground floor, only 100 were actually trained for missions like this, with the amount of glass and smoke, while the rest were meant to search for missing people in the woods and smaller missions. So, dogs played a huge role for the finding of bodies of the 9/11 attack.

https://www.newsweek.com/911-dogs-rescue-riley-ground-zero-1531361

Yejvan

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How 9/11 influenced architecture - Nirnay Bhattacharya

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How 9/11 influenced architecture - Nirnay Bhattacharya

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After the 9/11 attacks, many people feared skyscrapers and tall buildings because of the vulnerabilities found during the attacks. This led to new constructions in NYC and around the country to be made with safety as a top priority. The building codes were updated so new skyscrapers could resist more force and keep let its inhabitants escape easily.

One major reason that the twin towers fell was because of its heavy steel use on the upper floors. Steel is a strong material, but under immense heat (like jet fuel burning) it becomes weak. This led to new buildings being required to use concrete-reinforced steel and thicker glass on every level. Most importantly, elevators were improved and stairs were widened for easier exits. All these help make modern skyscrapers much safer.

source - https://qz.com/2051464/how-9-11-influenced-architecture-in-new-york-city-and-beyond/#:~:text=Changes%20in%20building%20safety%20regulations%20after%209%2F11&text=They%20included%20widening%20staircases%2C%20using,a%20dedicated%20elevator%20for%20firefighters.

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Abhinav Toti - How 9/11 effected the economy

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Abhinav Toti - How 9/11 effected the economy

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After the devasting 9/11 attacks, the US economy felt a massive blow. All of the stock markets immediately crashed, and the global financial market suffered from significant economic damage. In the end, the U.S. stock markets fell nearly 10%. The companies that were most affected by this tragedy were Airline and Insurance companies. However, despite the lasting impact it had on Americans, the economic and financial state of the world slowly recovered. Soon afterward, the economy hit new highs. This shows the resilience and psyche of the American people.

https://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0911/the-impact-of-september-11-on-business.aspx

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In the short aftermath of the 9/11 attack, people that were looking for survivors were having a hard time, because the survivors couldn’t scream, and the ones who did, couldn’t yell loud enough. This caused a lot of lives to be lost due to a lack of proper equipment. A year or so after the attack, NASA came out with a machine called FINDER (Finding Individuals for Disaster and Emergency Response). It uses radar technology to detect heartbeats of survivors from up to 15 feet under rubble and debris! This is really useful, because the machine is also under 20 pounds, so it is able to be moved easily and swiftly. Even though it is used in many similar situations, it was designed to model the help that the search and rescue people needed during 9/11.

The source that I used was https://www.independent.co.uk/tech/nasa-uses-microwave-technology-to-detect-heartbeats-of-people-stuck-under-nepal-earthquake-rubble-10235188.html

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Sarah Rudder had went to the Pentagon on 9/11 and she was in the US Marines. She was waiting for her promotion that day but unfortunately the attack had happened. Luckily nothing happened to her and she went to go help many other people that day and saved many lives. 2 days later, she went back to the Pentagon to help clean up the victims’ remains and her ankle had got stuck and was crushed under a concrete barrier. Unfortunately, Rudder ended up having to amputate her leg in 2014. 2 years later, Rudder participated in the International Invictus Games for injured servicemen and women and she ended up winning 6 medals. - Srinath Sundara
https://www.insider.com/september-11-21st-anniversary-9-incredible-survivor-stories-2021-9#sarah-rudder-had-her-leg-amputated-and-later-competed-in-the-invictus-games-7

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Welles Remy Crowther aka “The Man with the Red Bandana” was a volunteer firefighter who saved many lives during 9/11. When the planes hit Welles rushed up to the 78th floor where he found a badly burned person named Ling Young who had worked on the 86th floor. While carrying a woman on his back, Welles directed Ling and other survivors to the only working staircase. Welles lead them down this stairway with the woman on his back for 17 floors where he dropped her off and headed back upstairs to the 78th floor. With a red bandana wrapped around his mouth and nose, Welles powered through and still kept helping other. While on this floor he found another group of survivors and started putting out fires and administering first aid. Welles showed this group to the stairway as well and kept helping more people. Sadly Welles did not make it out alive, his body was found in March 2002 and according to surviver accounts Welles saved close to 20 people on that terrible day.

-Rayaan Kazmi
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welles_Crowther

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The effect of cancer on 9/11 survivors and responders
9/11 survivors that were in the World Trade Center often died or lived life with multiple illnesses. In the chart to the right we can see which types of cancer were most prominent in the survivors and the expected vs actual number of cases. Cancer affected 31.4% of survivors and 18.5% of responders. These individuals often developed cancer because of the smoke and dust from the buildings. This dust was a combination of concrete, electrical appliances and other materials. When inhaled these particles affect the body by causing cancer which is why alongside physical injuries, survivors often suffered cancer or lung issues for their entire life. Prostate cancer makes up a large percentage of cancers according to the chart. Not to mention the second feature of the image     which states the estimated and the actual number of cases. The difference in all of these just shows how harmful inhaling the fumes were. In conclusion 9/11 had many deaths and even those who survived had to endure difficult hardships such as illnesses along side any physical disabilities.

Link-  https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/health-effects-of-9-11-still-plague-responders-and-survivors/

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After the first tower had been hit, inside it a man wearing a red bandana to cover his face, safely guided and helped many people to a stairwell. Going to and fro the Sky Lobby. This man made at least 3 trips, saving people until the entire building came collapsing down onto him. This man who saved many lives was 24-year old Welles Crowther who was an equities trader and a volunteer fighter.
https://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2021/09/09/sept-11-red-bandana-man

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Sept. 11, 2001, displayed humanity at its worst but also many Americans at their best - like the " man in the red bandana. "

His face covered, the man in the red bandana saved at least 18 people by showing them a way out of the South Tower of the World Trade Center. In the 2017 documentary "Man in the Red Bandana," survivor Ling Young recalls hearing a young man say he found stairs to escape the tower and followed him along with several others.

After that man led Young and others out of the South Tower, he ran back up the stairs. The towers collapsed and his body was found with the firefighters. Everyone was left to wonder - who was he?

The man in the red bandana was 24-year-old Welles Crowther. Former President Barack Obama spoke of him at the National September 11th Memorial & Museum dedication in 2014.

"Welles was just 24 years old, with a broad smile and a bright future. He worked in the South Tower on the 104th floor," Obama said. "He had a big laugh, a joy of life and dreams of seeing the world."

His mother, Alison Crowther, was on the stage. Crowther travels the country speaking to adults and kids about choosing to be a hero. Her husband started the Welles Crowther Trust, which gives out scholarships, and also the Red Bandana Project, which provides curriculum and training on leadership.

As the 20th anniversary approaches, Alison Crowther says she's developed the strength to help her face the loss of her son.

"It's not just the anniversary, it's every day," she says. "But you just kind of focus on the good that you can try to make come into the world."

Her husband, Jeff Crowther, died of cancer two years ago. At the readings of the victims' names at the World Trade Center, Jeff Crowther would blow a kiss to the sky as he read his son's name.

Realizing their son died as a hero helped the couple cope with the loss, Alison Crowther says.

When the mother read an article in The New York Times that mentioned the man in the red bandana, she knew she'd found her son.

"One of my greatest torments was that he would have been trapped and suffering like so many people were, and that would have been like the ultimate torture for Welles," she says. "So when we found out that he was actually free to make his final decisions about how he was going to behave at the attacks, that was a huge relief."

Jeff Crowther was a member of Upper Nyack's Empire Hook and Ladder Company No. 1. The father used to clean fire trucks with his 7-year-old son, and by age 16, Welles Crowther was a junior member. Welles Crowther eventually had full firefighter status.

Taking on the role of a protector in his family, Welles Crowther looked after his two younger sisters and mother, Alison Crowther says.

"Welles was full of adventure, always was kind of leaping from the highest places," she says. "But he was also kind of like a guardian angel."

At age 5, Welles Crowther followed his 3-year-old sister after she ran into the street and pulled her back to safety, his mother recalls.

The family used to dress up for church, she says, and one week, a young Welles Crowther asked his father for a handkerchief to put in the breast pocket of his jacket.

Jeff Crowther then handed his son a handkerchief to put in the jacket "for show" and a red bandana to keep in a back pocket "for blows," Alison Crowther says. Her son kept the red bandana in his back pocket for years to come as a way to connect to his father.

At the time of the attacks, Welles Crowther worked as an equities trader for investment bank Sandler O'Neill in the South Tower. He kept the bandana folded on his desk. One day, a woman who worked in the office approached him and asked about the bandana.

"Welles picked up the red bandana, turned around and held it up and said, 'With this red bandana, I'm going to change the world,' " Alison Crowther says.

Welles Crowther went to Boston College before taking the job at Sandler O'Neill. But the last weekend he saw his parents, his mother says she recalls her son saying he's "meant to be part of something really, really big."

Her son sensed something coming - and Alison Crowther had a premonition starting the night before Sept. 11 that she was going to die that day. Other victims' families have also reported sensing doom on the horizon before the attacks.

The premonition gave her strength and reassurance of God's presence, she says.

"That's why I just keep on going out and speaking with people and speaking to children," she says, "and teaching them that they don't have to do what Welles did ... but there are so many ways to bring good into the world and care for other people."

Paperwork found afterward indicated that Welles Crowther was applying to be a fireman despite having a big deal job in New York. The summer prior to the attacks, he'd spoken to his father about how he couldn't stand to sit in front of a computer for the rest of his life, his mother says.

After American Airlines Flight 11 flew into the North Tower on Sept. 11, Welles Crowther left his mother a voicemail where he said, "Mom, this is Welles. I want you to know I'm OK."

He ultimately wasn't OK - a painful reality for his mother.

"What's hard right now is this 20th anniversary. It really marks the passage of so much time since we've been together with Welles," she says. "And that's so hard."

Welles would have been 44 today, perhaps with a family of his own - something he used to talk about with his sister Honor Crowther Fagan.

After his death, Honor Crowther Fagan mourned the loss of their shared dream of raising their children together. For his two sisters, losing their brother was "catastrophic," their mother says.

At the memorial dedication back in 2014, survivor Young expressed gratitude for the bravery and selflessness of the man in the red bandana.

"Without him, I wouldn't be here," Young said. "He saved my life and he'll always be with my heart and always be with me. Unfortunately, Alison had to lose him to save me."

His mother sees her loss in the same light.

"Of course it's horrible that we lost him, but it's no surprise to us what he did," Alison Crowther says. "He was doing what he was meant to do that day as a first responder. He was there to save lives."
Boston College's Volunteer and Service Learning Center organizes and hosts the Red Bandanna 5k Run every fall in honor of Welles Crowther. The Red Bandanna 5k Run will be kicked off on campus on Saturday, Oct. 23 and it will continue virtually through Nov. 4. For information and to register, click here. Marcelle Hutchins produced and edited this interview for broadcast with Jill Ryan. Allison Hagan adapted it for the web.

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Remembering 'The Red Bandana Man' On The 20th Anniversary Of 9/11

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Sept. 11, 2001, displayed humanity at its worst but also many Americans at their best - like the " man in the red bandana. " His face covered, the man in the red bandana saved at least 18 people by showing them a way out of the South Tower of the World Trade Center.

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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1447752/

A 767 jet flew into the North tower. About 20 minutes later another plane crashed into the South tower. Within 2 hours both tours have collapsed killing 2801 people. In the following days debris like glass, concrete, electronics was mixed into the air making labor hard. The 767 is propelled by 180000 gallons of fuel. After the incident the amount of hotline calls doubled.

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Changes in building safety post 9/11 - Saharsh Medichalam

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Changes in building safety post 9/11 - Saharsh Medichalam

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After 9/11, there was lots of pretty well warranted concern about tall buildings in America and if we should be building more massive and vulnerable to attack structures in these highly populated cities.  In the years after the attacks though, New York and many other cities around the country continued to build up, so why did people change their minds? Experts believe this change in mindset was due to the advancements in high rise technology and the leaps forward in building safety codes.

As a result of the twin towers, around 30 new building recommendations to building safety and security including wider staircases, thicker windows at the bottom floors, reinforced concrete building cores and backup power implementation. There was also more appreciation to the stopping power of bollards and ways you can implement them.

Though ‘protection from terrorism’ isn’t on the forefront of an architect’s mind, it has become another design criteria like a building’s resistance to hurricanes and earthquakes as something present in their minds but not expected to happen.
https://i.insider.com/5bfc5425da27f820b87a9eea?width=2000&format=jpeg&auto=webp

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Before 9/11 airports were very laid back but after 9/11 airports and airplane security changed drastically. There used to be airport security before 2001 but it was not very strong. People could bring contraband through airport security much more then today. Aboard flight 93 on 9/11 2001 the terrorists  who hijacked the plane snuck bombs and a box cutter through airport security which then, they used these weapons to threaten the passengers and pilots on the plane. After 9/11 many more precautions and safety measures were put into place in airports to prevent another 9/11 from happening. The laws / measures put in place included screening bags, reinforcing parts of the aircraft and more security overall in airports. Everything that airport security has people do is with the intention of keeping everyone safe such as taking off a belt or shoes. TSA and security Pre check have gone into full effect since 9/11. Also now there are other types of Pre check that do background checks and use peoples photos to help identify them, this is called Clear. TSA has been improving there technology and scanners to help detect as much as possible. 9/11 has changed so many things in the world but among all airport security has been the most drastic change.

https://apnews.com/article/how-sept-11-changed-flying-1ce4dc4282fb47a34c0b61ae09a024f4

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Marcy Borders, also known as the dust lady, was a survivor of 9/11 but unfortunately passed away due to the fumes that came from the rubble and the aftermath. She was one of the few people who died from a cancer in the stomach that was formed from the materials used to build the twin towers. When the first tower was hit, she fortunately escaped by quickly taking the stairs from the 88th floor. She was covered in rubble and dust and unfortunately never recovered from the event before she died. Her best friend states “For years, her main concern was that she was going to get sick, that 9.11 would catch up with her.”

https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/sep/21/911-dust-lady-marcy-borders-depression-rehab-back-from-the-brink-then-a-final-bombshell

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600 sailors on 150 different boats help evacuate 500,000 civilians. Most of these sailors witnessed the plane crashes from the piers, but we talk about pier 62. They were a group that evacuated the entirety of a university. They saw this event happen from a distance and immediately rushed to help. Once there, they saw the Battery crew evacuating people to Manhattan, and decided to evacuate people there too to save time and go back for more trips. Overall they contributed to the 500,000 saved by boats 50,000. They basically contributed 10 percent to the boat evacuation, which is a great feat.

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/911-flotilla-boats-evacuated-500000-new-yorkers-safety-180978614/

Hersh Bindra

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Arav Kumar
To help the security the government created a new Cabinet-level department. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) was designed to help protect America. They are responsible for the TSA which improved airport security. This has improved various areas of security in airplanes and security checks of passengers
Link: https://www.dhs.gov/blog/2011/08/18/tsa-10-years-after-911

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Red Cross Volunteers Who Helped America Heal After 9/11

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Red Cross Volunteers Who Helped America Heal After 9/11

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Karan Vijayakumar

Article Link: https://www.redcross.org/local/new-york/greater-new-york/about-us/news-and-events/news/volunteers-who-helped-america-heal.html

Many people got together to mourn and merely respond to these horrible extreme events. A great many people shared their compassion and time with others to help themselves and others heal. In the hours following the tragedy, the Red Cross initiated a relief effort that would last years and span the nation, ultimately involving more than 57,000 team members. Even 20 years later, there are active Red Cross members who were inspire then and still continue to work now.

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Welles Crowther was the man in the red bandana. He wore a red bandana protect himself from all the smoke and falling debris. He guided many confused and frightened people on the 78th floor to safety. He went back in the sky lobby 3 times guiding people before it collapsed and he died. On that day exactly he became a firefighter, no longer an equities trader. When Welles mother heard the description of the man with the red bandana she instantly knew it was her son since he always carried around a red bandana.

https://www.crowthertrust.org/welles-story/
https://www.911memorial.org/connect/blog/remembering-man-red-bandana

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The aspect of 9/11 that I chose was of a hero named Welles Crowther. Welles Crowther also known as “the red bandana”,  was a 24 year old rookie equities trader, who had previously worked as a rookie firefighter. Welles wore a red bandana over his mouth while conducting people stuck in the building towards the stairs. Welles had saved over 10+ lives which had caused him to risk his own. Welles had helped out by administering first-aid and helped to put out fires. He was last seen going back up the stairs to help more people right before the south tower collapsed. Authorities believe that he was still ushering people to safety when the building collapsed.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welles_Crowther

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After 9/11 airline security changed forever. Security became so important, as we can see right now. Back in early 2001, knives and box cutters were allowed on planes, the hijackers had brought them to hurt people. In November 2001, President George W. Bush signed the Aviation and Transportation Security Act, which created the Transportation Security Administration (passenger screening will now be done by federal employees). Passengers were also not allowed to bring knives, razor blades and other sharp objects in the cabin. Everything that happened on 9/11 strongly affected society today and airline security was a major change.

https://www.cnbc.com/2021/09/11/how-9/11-forever-changed-air-travel.html

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Bruno Dellinger was from an office on the 47th floor of the North Tower. Bruno owned and managed a small company. He recalls the first stages of his journey to safety, describing fellow survivors making their way for injured civilians in the stairwell and the collapse of the South Tower moments after he arrived at street level. He had mentioned it was horrifying.

Source: https://www.911memorial.org/learn/resources/oral-histories

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Rick Rescorla was a security guard who worked at the World Trade Center in the south tower. After a basement bombing that killed 6 people he was paranoid that another attack was going to happen so he made evacuation plans. He forced his employees to partake in the plans just in case something happened. During the attack, after the plane hit the building, he grabbed a megaphone and managed to lead 2700 people out of the building while keeping them calm by singing songs to them. After he got people out, he went back in to try and save more lives, but he was killed in the tower.

https://www.newsnationnow.com/us-news/sept11-anniversary/911-world-trade-center-hero-rick-rescorla/