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8A)  Outline: a temperate life is better than a hedonistic one (Socrates) 8B) Evaluate:

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8A)  Outline: a temperate life is better than a hedonistic one (Socrates) 8B) Evaluate:

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8A)  Outline: a temperate(showing moderation or self-restraint) life is better than a hedonistic (engaged in the pursuit of pleasure) one (Socrates)

8B) Evaluate:

The idea of what constitutes a "better" life is subjective and can vary from person to person. Both a temperate life and a hedonistic life have their own pros and cons, and what may be considered better for one might not be the same for another.

Temperate Life:

A temperate life is defined by moderation and self-control. It holds emphasis on balance and avoiding pleasure.

Pros of a temperate life:

1. Stability: Leading a temperate life often involves making good choices and making long-term goals a priority. Meaning people can live in greater stability and better health.

2. Emotional Well-being: Moderation can help lead to a more balanced emotional state. By avoiding excessive highs and lows, some may experience a more consistent level of happiness and contentment than if they were to constantly seek pleasure.

3. Discipline and Achievement: A temperate life will require discipline and self-control. This can bring personal growth, accomplishment, and a sense of satisfaction brought from overcoming challenges.

Cons of a temperate life:

1. Missing out on certain experiences: often involves avoiding or limiting excesses in areas such as food, alcohol, or entertainment. While this moderation can be beneficial for health and well-being, some individuals may feel they are missing out on the excitement or indulgence associated with those experiences that others may enjoy.

2. Limited spontaneity: living a temperate life often involves planning and careful decision-making to assist in maintaining balance. This may lead to a reduced sense of ‘spontaneity’ or impulsivity, as individuals will likely need to consider the potential consequences of their actions before engaging in them.

3. Judgement: currently society often encourages indulgence risk taking, people who live a temperate lifestyle may face social pressure from others who do not care to understand or appreciate their choices. This can lead to feelings of being left out or misunderstood.

4. Perceived lack of excitement: Some people may associate a temperate lifestyle with a lack of excitement or adventure. While moderation can bring stability and contentment, it may not provide the same level of thrill or adrenaline rush that more extreme experiences can offer.

5. Difficulty finding like-minded individuals: It can be challenging to find others who share and appreciate a temperate lifestyle. This may result in feelings of isolation or difficulty forming connections with people who have different priorities or values.

6. Struggles with self-discipline: Maintaining a temperate lifestyle requires self-discipline and consistent adherence to moderation. For some individuals, this may be challenging, especially if they have a natural inclination towards excess or find it difficult to resist temptations.

It's important to note that these perceived cons may vary from person to person, and what might be seen as a disadvantage by one individual might be considered a positive aspect by another. Ultimately, the cons of living a temperate lifestyle will depend on personal preferences, values, and the individual's ability to find a sense of fulfilment within the boundaries of moderation.

Hedonistic Life:

A hedonistic life is focused more around seeking pleasure and gaining immediate gratification. It focuses on enjoyment and the pursuit of pleasurable experiences.

Pros of a hedonistic life

1. Enjoyment and Excitement: A hedonistic lifestyle highlights savouring pleasurable experiences and embracing the present moment. It can lead to an increased sense of enjoyment, excitement, and the pursuit of personal fulfilment.

2. Exploration and Variety: Hedonism often involves trying new things, exploring diverse experiences, and embracing a wide range of pleasures. This can lead to a rich and varied life, with a greater exposure to different cultures, activities, and perspectives.

3. Freedom from Regret: By prioritising immediate pleasure, individuals may avoid regret related to missed opportunities or unfulfilled desires. This can contribute to a sense of living life to the fullest without the burden of lingering "what ifs."

Cons of a temperate life:

1. Short-term gratification: Hedonism often focuses on immediate pleasure and gratification without considering long-term consequences. This can lead to impulsive decision-making and neglecting important responsibilities or goals in favour of momentary enjoyment.

2. Health risks: A hedonistic lifestyle may involve excessive indulgence in activities such as overeating, substance abuse, alcoholism, self-harm or engaging in other risky behaviours. This can have severe negative consequences on physical and mental health, leading to increased health risks and a reduced overall wellbeing. (overall wellbeing includes: emotional, physical, mental, spiritual and social)

3. Financial strain: following pleasure without considering financial limitations can lead to overspending and even the possibility of accumulating debt. A hedonistic lifestyle may involve frequent indulgences, lavish experiences, or luxury items, which can result in financial instability and stress.

4. Lack of fulfilment: While hedonism seeks pleasure as the ultimate goal, it may not necessarily provide a deep sense of fulfilment or lasting happiness. Constantly seeking pleasure without considering other aspects of life, such as personal growth, relationships, or contributing to society, may result in a shallow and unsatisfying existence.

5. Relationships and social consequences: A hedonistic lifestyle focused on personal pleasure may strain relationships with others. Friends and family members may find it difficult to relate to or support constant self-indulgence, which can lead to isolation/strained connections.

6. Emotional instability: Relying solely on pleasure-seeking can make individuals more likely to experience mood swings and emotional instability. The pursuit of constant pleasure may result in an inability to cope with challenges or setbacks, leading to emotional distress and difficulty in developing emotional resilience.

7. Potential ethical dilemmas: Hedonism places a strong emphasis on personal pleasure and satisfaction, which can sometimes conflict with ethical considerations. Pursuing pleasure without regard for the well-being or rights of others may lead to moral dilemmas and a potential erosion of empathy or compassion.

the choice between a temperate life and a hedonistic one depends on an individual's values, goals, and personal preferences. Some people may find contentment in moderation and self-control, while others may seek enjoyment and the pursuit of pleasure as the primary source of meaning in their lives. Each approach has its own benefits and downsides and what works for one person may not work for another.

Socrates would believe that living a temperate lifestyle would be highly beneficial as he blah blah blah he is a dick that hates everyone blah blah eat the rich fuck the poor basically

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MWdufsmJJCzzae_OGrCX4UQ5_f70q3hqpFOs0CwgQRI/edit

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7A) Outline: Pleasure and the good are not the same (Socrates)7B) Evaluate: 

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7A) Outline: Pleasure and the good are not the same (Socrates)7B) Evaluate: 

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6A) Outline: A happy life means expanding your desires and not being ruled by anyone (Callicles) 6B) Evaluate: 

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6A) Outline: A happy life means expanding your desires and not being ruled by anyone (Callicles) 6B) Evaluate: 

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Outline: Callicles argues that a happy life is to take what you want without restriction, and believes that to have self-discipline is enslavement. He describes slaves as being weak, as they cannot fight for what they desire and are overcome by the “strong”. (This outline is really strong!)

Stone and the corpse analogy: Callicles believes that without seeking desire, you may as well be a stone or a corpse as not having desire doesn't seperate you from these things.

Evaluation: Callicles’ argument that you must fulfil every desire and not restrict yourself aligns with the view of hedonism, and believes that those who show restraint are weak and cannot take what they want. However, Socrates applies the idea of a “leaky jar”, wherein the flaws in Callicles’ belief become apparent; Socrates highlights how Callicles could never “fill” his jar as he was constantly seeking satisfaction and not being content with what desires he has fulfilled. :) ✨

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5A) Outline: It is worse to suffer wrong and to do wrong under nature and convention (Socrates)  5B) Evaluate: 

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5A) Outline: It is worse to suffer wrong and to do wrong under nature and convention (Socrates)  5B) Evaluate: 

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5A) P1: the majority, because of their numbers, are the naturally stronger

P2: the majority also construct the conventions that govern society

P3: dominant social conventions states that it is wrong to take as much as you can without considering other

P4: since the naturally stronger are the same people who create the conventions, natural justice and conventional justice is the same thing

C:. thus, contrary to Callicles’ claim, it is worst to commit wrongs than suffer wrongs, according to both nature and convention

5B) Callicles could respond by saying that the majority are only stronger as a group but he meant that natural justice is the rule of those who are stronger as individuals.

Socrates' argument could be stronger if he said the majority must be stronger because they have the ability to convince others to obey their rules and laws not simply because there are more of them.

Callicles can do little to criticize this argument except to criticize premise 1 because he has already agreed to premises 2 and 3 and the conclusion really follows from the acceptance of premises 1, 2 and 3

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4A) Outline: Philosophy is suited to teens but not adults (Callicles) 4B) Evaluate: 

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4A) Outline: Philosophy is suited to teens but not adults (Callicles) 4B) Evaluate: 

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Socrates is deemed to consist of teenage like behaviours, which makes philosophy more beneficial for teenagers as they contain the necessary intellectual behaviours for philosophy. While supporting this socrates proposes that it is more worth while if teens were to take up politics rather than philosophy.

However teens should be able to study philosophy as it is beneficial  to keep studying philosophy because we need to keep in touch with the endeavours and ideas we first started on. Therefore rhetoric alone in politics is not enough and politicians should hold some degree of knowledge within philosophy to gain some humanity in their endeavours.

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3A) Outline: Might is right (Callicles) 3B) Evaluate: 

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3A) Outline: Might is right (Callicles) 3B) Evaluate: 

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3A) OUTLINE:
- Callicles highlights that due to conventional law, the strong and fittest individuals are criticised for wanting to take what they want. The majority create these rules, meaning that might is condemned.
- Callicles believes such a majority is comprised of the weaklings in society who only use terms such as equality and kindness to suppress the strong and instead protect the interests of the majority.
- However, Callicles believes that due to natural law, those better/stronger/superior in society should instead take what they want and hence “do wrong” according to their might.

EVALUATION:
- Callicles begins to derive ought from is, in the belief that if the strongest and fittest individuals begin to be criticised in a particular way then, that is what they should be doing within society.

👍

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2A) Outline: make sure your family and friends get punished but enemies unpunished (Socrates)2B) Evaluate

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2A) Outline: make sure your family and friends get punished but enemies unpunished (Socrates)2B) Evaluate

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socrates believed in treating everyone fairly, regardless of their relationship to you. He emphasized the importance of justice based on reason and fairness. So, the idea of punishing your family and friends while letting your enemies off the hook would go against his philosophy. Socrates valued truth, knowledge, and virtue, and he would encourage treating everyone with fairness, regardless of personal connections.

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1A) Outline: suffering wrong is more contemptible than doing wrong (Socrates)1B) Evaluate

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1A) Outline: suffering wrong is more contemptible than doing wrong (Socrates)1B) Evaluate

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Evaluation:

P1: doing wrong leads to negative consequences for all concerned.

P2: if one does wrong one should seek out punishment to make it right to prevent immorality becoming entrenched.

P3. Swiftest way to do this is through a judge

SB: rhetoric shouldn’t be used to defend wrongs.

P4: to prevent immorality spreading, wrongs made should be made public

C: Proper use of rhetoric is to denounce ourselves and those we love.

Callicles here suggests that Polus was wrong to agree with Socrates that doing wrong is better than suffering it. He thinks this represents conventional law and that weaklings made up the rules to protect them from the strong.

Suffering is in my opinion not worse than doing wrong because when you do wrong it affects the soul. If you do wrong to someone, that means that you are hurting someone and becoming a bad person, however recieving the pain does not turn you into a bad person.