# data[].attributes.headline
(Jacob)Creating the constitution Key words Constitutional convention A meeting May and September 1787 To discuss the problems of the weak central government This meeting is where the constitution was createdJames Madison Promotions manager to the constitutional convention Virginia plan It was a proposal for a two house legislature representatives from each states were chosen by wealth New jersey plan Proposal for a legislature Each state would get one vote One Americans story On may 15 1787 The Virginia governor arrived in Philadelphia The young nations faced conflict as shyanns rebellion had shown Delegates from throughout the states were coming to Philadelphia to discuss reforming the  government Constitutional convention This convention opened may 15 1787 Every delegate voted for the hero of the revolution war Most voted for george Washington Who was there There were 55 delegates Many of which were there states delegates and wrote there states legislatures Founders were also there These were the founding fathers of the united states of america Who was missing Many key people were unable to attend Thomas jefferson and john adams were overseas at there diplomatic posts Some challenges Many americans realized that people and states often came into conflict They realized they needed a government to keep in order There were two main plans Plan a the virginia plan Plan b the new jersey plan The great compromise They took a mixture of the virginia plan and the new jersey plan and put them together The three fifths compromise This was allowing slaves to vote 3 out of every 5 slaves were counted as the states total population If 10 slaves voted 6 of their votes would be counted 

# data[].attributes.subject
(Jacob)Creating the constitution Key words Constitutional convention A meeting May and September 1787 To discuss the problems of the weak central government This meeting is where the constitution was createdJames Madison Promotions manager to the constitutional convention Virginia plan It was a proposal for a two house legislature representatives from each states were chosen by wealth New jersey plan Proposal for a legislature Each state would get one vote One Americans story On may 15 1787 The Virginia governor arrived in Philadelphia The young nations faced conflict as shyanns rebellion had shown Delegates from throughout the states were coming to Philadelphia to discuss reforming the  government Constitutional convention This convention opened may 15 1787 Every delegate voted for the hero of the revolution war Most voted for george Washington Who was there There were 55 delegates Many of which were there states delegates and wrote there states legislatures Founders were also there These were the founding fathers of the united states of america Who was missing Many key people were unable to attend Thomas jefferson and john adams were overseas at there diplomatic posts Some challenges Many americans realized that people and states often came into conflict They realized they needed a government to keep in order There were two main plans Plan a the virginia plan Plan b the new jersey plan The great compromise They took a mixture of the virginia plan and the new jersey plan and put them together The three fifths compromise This was allowing slaves to vote 3 out of every 5 slaves were counted as the states total population If 10 slaves voted 6 of their votes would be counted 

# data[].attributes.headline
(james) No more trade Instead of of declaring war jefferson asked congress to pass legislation that would stop all foreign trade. The president described his policy as “peaceable coercion” coercion means forcing someone to act in a certain way by pressure or threats. In december congress passed the embargo act of 1807 which forbade american ships from sailing to foreign ports the act also closed american ports to british ships. The policy harmed the US more than it harmed france or britain. American farmers lost key markets for their products. Shippers lost income and many chose to violate the embargo by making falso claims about where they were going. The embargo became an issue in 1808 which james madison won, by then congress had repealed the act. Tecumseh and native american unity  British interference with american shipping and impressment of the us citizens made americans angry. Many also believed the british were trying to stop american expansion in the northwest by stirring up native american resistance to frontier settlements. Since the battle of fallen timbers in 1794 native americans had continued to lose their land to white settlers. Tecumseh a shawnee chief vowed to stop this. He believed the native american tribes had to unite in order to protect their land.  Events in 1809 proved him right. Tecumseh declared the treaty of void. He believed that the sale could go through only with the agreement of all tribes not the same.The war of 1812:By 1812 more and more americans were calling for war against britan for its role in helping native americans and its policy on the high seas. Those who supported war were called war hawks. Many of them came from the western part of the country. Those in the northeast which had business ties with britain were less eager for war. Finally on june 18 1812 president james madison asked to congress to declare war on britan The first phase of the war The war of 1812 had two main phases from 1812 to 1814 britain concentrated on its war with france. It spent litlle energy on its conflict in north america although it did send ships to blockade the american coast. The american military was weak at the beginning of the war. Democratic-republicans had reduced the size of the american armed forces.  The US navy had only 16 warships in spite of its small size, the US navy rose to the challenge. Triumph on lake erie The most important US naval victory took place on lake erie. In september 1813 a small british force on the lake set out to attack a new fleet of american ships. Commodore oliver hazard hazard perry who had taken charge of the fleet sailed out to meet the enemy perrys ship the lawrence flew a banner reading “dont give up ship”. For two hours the british and americans exchanged cannon shots. Perrys ship was demolished and the guns put out of action. Under british fire perry grabbed the banner as he and four companion escaped and rowed to another ship.The second phase of the war  The second phase of the war of 1812 began after the british defeated napoleon in europe in april 1814. Britians army and navy were then free to attack the united states. In august 1814 president madison and other officials fled washington. D.C as british forces neared the nations capitol. Dolley madison the presidents wife stayed behind to rescue important objects from the white house. The commander or fort mchenry had earlier requested a flag “so large that the british will have no difficulty seeing it” meanwhile in the north british sent a force from canada across lake champlain. Its goal was to push south and cut off new england the plan failed when the american fleet defeated the british in the battle of lake champlain in september 1814 The battle of new orleansIn the south the british began to move against the strategically located port of new orleans in louisiana. In december 1814 dozens of ships carrying some 7,500 british troops approached the coast-line of louisiana. To defend themselves the americans patched together an army under the command of general andrew jackson. The british attacked jacksons forces on jan 8 1815. American riflemen who had protected themselves by building defenses out of earth, shot at adcancing british troops, it was a great victory for jackson. American casualties totaled 71 compared to britain’s 2,000The legacy of the warThe treaty of ghent showed that the war of 1812 had no clear winner. No territory changed hands and trade disputes were left unresolved. Neither side made any significant gains. Still the war had important consequenses for america. The american victory also increased optimism about the nation future the united states had defended itself against one of the mightiest military powers of the era. For perhaps the first time many americans believed that their young nation would survive and prosper. 

# data[].attributes.subject
(james) No more trade Instead of of declaring war jefferson asked congress to pass legislation that would stop all foreign trade. The president described his policy as “peaceable coercion” coercion means forcing someone to act in a certain way by pressure or threats. In december congress passed the embargo act of 1807 which forbade american ships from sailing to foreign ports the act also closed american ports to british ships. The policy harmed the US more than it harmed france or britain. American farmers lost key markets for their products. Shippers lost income and many chose to violate the embargo by making falso claims about where they were going. The embargo became an issue in 1808 which james madison won, by then congress had repealed the act. Tecumseh and native american unity  British interference with american shipping and impressment of the us citizens made americans angry. Many also believed the british were trying to stop american expansion in the northwest by stirring up native american resistance to frontier settlements. Since the battle of fallen timbers in 1794 native americans had continued to lose their land to white settlers. Tecumseh a shawnee chief vowed to stop this. He believed the native american tribes had to unite in order to protect their land.  Events in 1809 proved him right. Tecumseh declared the treaty of void. He believed that the sale could go through only with the agreement of all tribes not the same.The war of 1812:By 1812 more and more americans were calling for war against britan for its role in helping native americans and its policy on the high seas. Those who supported war were called war hawks. Many of them came from the western part of the country. Those in the northeast which had business ties with britain were less eager for war. Finally on june 18 1812 president james madison asked to congress to declare war on britan The first phase of the war The war of 1812 had two main phases from 1812 to 1814 britain concentrated on its war with france. It spent litlle energy on its conflict in north america although it did send ships to blockade the american coast. The american military was weak at the beginning of the war. Democratic-republicans had reduced the size of the american armed forces.  The US navy had only 16 warships in spite of its small size, the US navy rose to the challenge. Triumph on lake erie The most important US naval victory took place on lake erie. In september 1813 a small british force on the lake set out to attack a new fleet of american ships. Commodore oliver hazard hazard perry who had taken charge of the fleet sailed out to meet the enemy perrys ship the lawrence flew a banner reading “dont give up ship”. For two hours the british and americans exchanged cannon shots. Perrys ship was demolished and the guns put out of action. Under british fire perry grabbed the banner as he and four companion escaped and rowed to another ship.The second phase of the war  The second phase of the war of 1812 began after the british defeated napoleon in europe in april 1814. Britians army and navy were then free to attack the united states. In august 1814 president madison and other officials fled washington. D.C as british forces neared the nations capitol. Dolley madison the presidents wife stayed behind to rescue important objects from the white house. The commander or fort mchenry had earlier requested a flag “so large that the british will have no difficulty seeing it” meanwhile in the north british sent a force from canada across lake champlain. Its goal was to push south and cut off new england the plan failed when the american fleet defeated the british in the battle of lake champlain in september 1814 The battle of new orleansIn the south the british began to move against the strategically located port of new orleans in louisiana. In december 1814 dozens of ships carrying some 7,500 british troops approached the coast-line of louisiana. To defend themselves the americans patched together an army under the command of general andrew jackson. The british attacked jacksons forces on jan 8 1815. American riflemen who had protected themselves by building defenses out of earth, shot at adcancing british troops, it was a great victory for jackson. American casualties totaled 71 compared to britain’s 2,000The legacy of the warThe treaty of ghent showed that the war of 1812 had no clear winner. No territory changed hands and trade disputes were left unresolved. Neither side made any significant gains. Still the war had important consequenses for america. The american victory also increased optimism about the nation future the united states had defended itself against one of the mightiest military powers of the era. For perhaps the first time many americans believed that their young nation would survive and prosper. 

# data[].attributes.headline
(Jacob) Creating the constitution Key words Constitutional convention A meeting May and september 1787 To discuss the problems of the weak central government This meeting is where the constitution was createdJames madison Promotions manager to the constitutional convention Virginia plan It was a proposal for a two house legislature representatives from each states were chosen by wealth New jersey plan Proposal for a legislature Each state would get one vote One americans story On may 15 1787 The virginia governor arrived in philadelphia The young nations faced conflict as shyanns rebellion had shown Delegates from throughout the states were coming to philadelphia to discuss reforming the  government Constitutional convention This convention opened may 15 1787 Every delegate voted for the hero of the revolution war Most voted for george washington Who was there There were 55 delegates Many of which were there states delegates and wrote there states legislatures Founders were also there These were the founding fathers of the united states of america Who was missing Many key people were unable to attend Thomas jefferson and john adams were overseas at there diplomatic posts Some challenges Many americans realized that people and states often came into conflict They realized they needed a government to keep in order There were two main plans Plan a the virginia plan Plan b the new jersey plan The great compromise They took a mixture of the virginia plan and the new jersey plan and put them together The three fifths compromise This was allowing slaves to vote 3 out of every 5 slaves were counted as the states total population If 10 slaves voted 6 of their votes would be counted 

# data[].attributes.subject
(Jacob) Creating the constitution Key words Constitutional convention A meeting May and september 1787 To discuss the problems of the weak central government This meeting is where the constitution was createdJames madison Promotions manager to the constitutional convention Virginia plan It was a proposal for a two house legislature representatives from each states were chosen by wealth New jersey plan Proposal for a legislature Each state would get one vote One americans story On may 15 1787 The virginia governor arrived in philadelphia The young nations faced conflict as shyanns rebellion had shown Delegates from throughout the states were coming to philadelphia to discuss reforming the  government Constitutional convention This convention opened may 15 1787 Every delegate voted for the hero of the revolution war Most voted for george washington Who was there There were 55 delegates Many of which were there states delegates and wrote there states legislatures Founders were also there These were the founding fathers of the united states of america Who was missing Many key people were unable to attend Thomas jefferson and john adams were overseas at there diplomatic posts Some challenges Many americans realized that people and states often came into conflict They realized they needed a government to keep in order There were two main plans Plan a the virginia plan Plan b the new jersey plan The great compromise They took a mixture of the virginia plan and the new jersey plan and put them together The three fifths compromise This was allowing slaves to vote 3 out of every 5 slaves were counted as the states total population If 10 slaves voted 6 of their votes would be counted 

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(Jacob) Unit 2 lesson 2 George washington The first american president Commander of the continental army John bourgoyn British army general in the revolutionary war Joseph brant Mohawk chief He allied with the british Benedict arnold Us army general in the revolutionary war He later traded on the united states for the british He did this because he felt that the colonies would be better off under the british rule Horatio gates He was another united states army general during the revolutionary war Battles of the saratoga Took place in september~october 1777This happened in the second year of the american revolution This was a turning point in the revolutionary war The american defeated the british This secured the foreign force that helped them win the war John singleton copley Him and his family had escaped the revolutionary war He became one of the greatest painters in the british empire He made this painting because he lost his son in the siege of boston Americans choose sides Conflict, religion and social behaviors is what caused the americans to split Some people wanted war some people wanted peace This lead to the revolution Preparing for war In june 1775 george washington became commander of the continental army There army faced many problems Because all there soldiers were untrained and inexperienced being volunteers When volunteered they could only be in the army for a year which is why george washington's army was never more than 17000 people George washington's main goal was the keep the revolution alive War in the middle states George washington forced the the british to retreat from boston in 1776He then brought his army to new york where the british were expected to go In 1776 for several months the british and american armies fought for who would take over new york Victory at trenton Late on december 25 1776 washington's troops rowed across the icy delaware to new jersy They wanted to surprise attack the hessians Britain's northern strategyThey believed new england was the source of the rebellion They believed that if controlled the hudson river valley they could cut of new england from the other colonies Battles of saratoga a major American victory, one that assured critical international recognition and aid and helped secure the independence of the United StatesThe war expands Washington hoped to take newport rhode island from the british 

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(Jacob) Unit 2 lesson 2 George washington The first american president Commander of the continental army John bourgoyn British army general in the revolutionary war Joseph brant Mohawk chief He allied with the british Benedict arnold Us army general in the revolutionary war He later traded on the united states for the british He did this because he felt that the colonies would be better off under the british rule Horatio gates He was another united states army general during the revolutionary war Battles of the saratoga Took place in september~october 1777This happened in the second year of the american revolution This was a turning point in the revolutionary war The american defeated the british This secured the foreign force that helped them win the war John singleton copley Him and his family had escaped the revolutionary war He became one of the greatest painters in the british empire He made this painting because he lost his son in the siege of boston Americans choose sides Conflict, religion and social behaviors is what caused the americans to split Some people wanted war some people wanted peace This lead to the revolution Preparing for war In june 1775 george washington became commander of the continental army There army faced many problems Because all there soldiers were untrained and inexperienced being volunteers When volunteered they could only be in the army for a year which is why george washington's army was never more than 17000 people George washington's main goal was the keep the revolution alive War in the middle states George washington forced the the british to retreat from boston in 1776He then brought his army to new york where the british were expected to go In 1776 for several months the british and american armies fought for who would take over new york Victory at trenton Late on december 25 1776 washington's troops rowed across the icy delaware to new jersy They wanted to surprise attack the hessians Britain's northern strategyThey believed new england was the source of the rebellion They believed that if controlled the hudson river valley they could cut of new england from the other colonies Battles of saratoga a major American victory, one that assured critical international recognition and aid and helped secure the independence of the United StatesThe war expands Washington hoped to take newport rhode island from the british 

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Key words:King george IIIBritish monarch who reigned during the american revolution Quatering act Act requiring the colonists to quarter or house british soldiers and provide them with supplies Sugar act Law placing a tax on sugar molasses and other products shipped to the colonies Stamp act Law requiring all legal and commercial documents to carry an official stamp showing that a tax had been paid Patrick henry Member of virginias house of birginessSons of liberty Secret society formed to oppose british policies SpeculateTo buy as an investmentBoycott Refusal to buy Proclamation of 1763British proclamation that forbade the colonists from settling west of the appalachian mountains Tighter british control One american story In 1765 sally franklin’s father the famous american diplomat Benjamin franklin was in london to protest the stamp act. During his stay sally franklin wrote her father a long detailed letter filled with news from the colonies. The colonies and brittan grow apart During the french and indian war american colonists helped defeat the french. The colonists took pride in british victory. But soon found in their relationship with britain had soured. Parliaments new laws and restrictions threatened colonists freedom.After the french and indian war King George the III the british monarch issued many reforms to tighten his control of the american colonies. First he issued the proclamation of 1673The revolution begins Since 1770 sam adams had been building a network of informants to keep watch over british activities. The british had their spies too. It was from these spies that general gage learned that the massachusets militia was storing arms and ammunition in concord about 20 miles northwesd bvt of boston. He also heard that  sam adams and john hancock were nearby in lexington. On the night april 18 1775 gage ordered his troops to arrest adams and hancock in lexington and to destory supplies in concord The midnight ride The sons of liberty had prepared for this moment paul revere a boston silversmith had a second messenger. William daws were sent to spread the news about british troops.Revere had arranged a system of signals to alert the colonists across the harbour in charleston Lexington and concord At dawn april 19 1775 more than 700 british troops reached lexington. They found captain john parker and about 70 colonial militilmen waiting. Lexington and concord were the first battles of the revolutionary war as rap\lh waldo emmerson wrote colonial tropps had fired the “shot heard round the world”. Americans would now have to choose their sides to back up their political beleifs. Those who supported the british were called loyaslists. Those who sides with the rebels were called patirots. 

# data[].attributes.subject
Key words:King george IIIBritish monarch who reigned during the american revolution Quatering act Act requiring the colonists to quarter or house british soldiers and provide them with supplies Sugar act Law placing a tax on sugar molasses and other products shipped to the colonies Stamp act Law requiring all legal and commercial documents to carry an official stamp showing that a tax had been paid Patrick henry Member of virginias house of birginessSons of liberty Secret society formed to oppose british policies SpeculateTo buy as an investmentBoycott Refusal to buy Proclamation of 1763British proclamation that forbade the colonists from settling west of the appalachian mountains Tighter british control One american story In 1765 sally franklin’s father the famous american diplomat Benjamin franklin was in london to protest the stamp act. During his stay sally franklin wrote her father a long detailed letter filled with news from the colonies. The colonies and brittan grow apart During the french and indian war american colonists helped defeat the french. The colonists took pride in british victory. But soon found in their relationship with britain had soured. Parliaments new laws and restrictions threatened colonists freedom.After the french and indian war King George the III the british monarch issued many reforms to tighten his control of the american colonies. First he issued the proclamation of 1673The revolution begins Since 1770 sam adams had been building a network of informants to keep watch over british activities. The british had their spies too. It was from these spies that general gage learned that the massachusets militia was storing arms and ammunition in concord about 20 miles northwesd bvt of boston. He also heard that  sam adams and john hancock were nearby in lexington. On the night april 18 1775 gage ordered his troops to arrest adams and hancock in lexington and to destory supplies in concord The midnight ride The sons of liberty had prepared for this moment paul revere a boston silversmith had a second messenger. William daws were sent to spread the news about british troops.Revere had arranged a system of signals to alert the colonists across the harbour in charleston Lexington and concord At dawn april 19 1775 more than 700 british troops reached lexington. They found captain john parker and about 70 colonial militilmen waiting. Lexington and concord were the first battles of the revolutionary war as rap\lh waldo emmerson wrote colonial tropps had fired the “shot heard round the world”. Americans would now have to choose their sides to back up their political beleifs. Those who supported the british were called loyaslists. Those who sides with the rebels were called patirots. 

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Page 33-39 Treaty of paris the 1783 treaty that ended the revolutionary war Elizabeth Freeman: Enslaved African American who won freedom in court Ricahrd Allen: African Ameran peacherwho helped start the free african Virginia Statue for religious freedom: Disputes: disagreement Outposts: Military bases usually located usually located on the frontier Nondemental: not favoring any particular region The Legacy Of WarOne Americans story Haym Solomon a jew living in in Poland moved to New York before the revolution in search of liberty. He soon became a successful merchant and banker. During the way Solomon supported the patriot cause. Like many Americans solomon had sacrificed his health and fortune to help his country survive.Costs of War No one knows exactly how many people died in the war but eight years of fighting took a terrible toll. An estimated 25,700 Americans died in the war and 1,400 remined missing with 8,200 wounded. The british military sufferd 10,000 deaths. Debts and loses Many soldiers who survided the war and left the army with no money. They had recieved litlle or no pay. Instead of pay the government gave many soldiers land in the west in change for the lack of pay. Many men sold the land to get things like food, money and other basic needs. The war left the nation with a debt of about 27 million a debt that would prove difficulty to pay off. Thousands of loyalists lost their property between 60,000 and 100,000 loyalists. The war costed america around $100 million and by 1732 the US government was approximately 30 million dollars in debt. Treaty of Paris Benjamin franklin, John Adams, and John Jay began formal peace negotions with the british september 27 1782. The Final Treaty of paris which ended the revolutionary war signed on september 3 1783Favorable Terms The americans won favorable terms in the peace treaty The United states was independant Its boundaries would be the mississippi river on the west Canada on the north and spanish florida on the south The United States would receive the right to fish off canadas atlantic coast near newfounfland to nova scotia Each side would repay its debts to the other The british would return any enslaved persons that had been capturedCongress would recommend that the states return any property they had seized from the loyalists Neither britain or the states lived up to the treaty terms Boundary Disputes The treaty of paris led to boundary disputes or disagreement with spain who could not claim control of both banks of the missispi river for over 100 miles north of the gulf of mexico. The british refused to give up any of their military outposts or bases in the great lakes area such as fort detroit The threat to native american lands The teraty of paris redrew the national boundaries with little concern for native american interest. The british had attemptded to keep white settlers away from the native american territory by establishing the proclamation of 1763. Because of this many tribes had supported the british in the war. But in the treaty the british handed over to the native american lands without even consulting their former allies Creating a new nation Liberty had been the rally cry of the revolution as americans freed themselves from the british rule. Now the success of the revolution challenged the existing world order. For the first time in the Americas. A colonial rebellion against imperial power had succeeded. By destroying the british authority the revolution offered political reformers a chance to prove that republicatism the idea that a country can be governed by the people and without a king , could work. Imperial powers around the world began to fear this enw threat. New state and national governments:As early as 1775 british rule had become ineffective in many areas of the colonies. Eventually in may of 1776 the continental congress advised the colonies to establish new governments. By 1777 nearly all the former colonies had adopten written constitutions. two colonies connecticut and rhode island retained government established by their royal chartersAll the new state constitutions contained some sort of individuality rights and liberties. For instance virginias new constitution of 1776 was based on virginia declaration of rights. It protected many rights and guaranteed freedom of the press and freedom of religion. Freedom and slavery During the revolution some poeple began to see a conflict between slavery and the ideal of liberty. In response vermant outlawed slavery and pennsilvania passed a law to free slaves graduatly. Individual africans would also fight for their rights to freedom. For example elizabeth freeman sued for her freedom in massachusets court and won. Her victory in 1781 and otehr similar cases ended slavery in that state. Freed americans formed their own institutions. For example in philadelphia Richard allen helped start the free african society a nondenomential group that encouraged people to help each other Defining religious freedom For many americans central to the ideal of liberty was the idea that religion was a private matter that poeple should have the right to choose and practice their personal religious beleifs. In 1777 thomas jefferson proposed his virginia statue for religious freeodm, in it he claimed that poepe have “natural right” to freedom of opinion including religious opinion. Jefferson opposed the state laws that prohibited jews or catholics from holding off public office. Jeffersons statue was eventually adopted as law in virginia later it became the basis of religious rights guarenteed by the bill of rights in the U.S constitution. Uniting the States For almost two centuries each colony had been governed independently of its neighbours. The colonies had been quarrelsome. And often un-cooperative. However as the war turned turned colonies into states americans saw how important it was for these states to work together as a nation. The great challenge that lay ahead was how to remain united as a nation of independent states, despite regional and religious differences. Congress encouraged american privateers to attack british merchant ships. A privateer is a privately owned ship that has been granted permission by a wartime government to attack an enemys merchant ships. After capturing a ship the crew of a privateer sold its cargo and shared the money. America commissioned more than 1,000 privateers to prey on the british. They captured hundreds of ships causing british merchants to call on their government to end the war. Though outnumbered the continental navy scored several victories. A daring officer names john paul jones inspired americans by sailing across the atlantic to attack british ships along the coast of britian itself The Path To VictoryHow were the americans able to defeat the britishLaking trade exirince supplies and forcesMany civilians helped the americans Had motivation lots of support and the leadership of george washingtonForeign allies like spanish and french helped them try and take downt the britishAmericans had better communicationAmerican troops were outnumberd by a large margin

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Page 33-39 Treaty of paris the 1783 treaty that ended the revolutionary war Elizabeth Freeman: Enslaved African American who won freedom in court Ricahrd Allen: African Ameran peacherwho helped start the free african Virginia Statue for religious freedom: Disputes: disagreement Outposts: Military bases usually located usually located on the frontier Nondemental: not favoring any particular region The Legacy Of WarOne Americans story Haym Solomon a jew living in in Poland moved to New York before the revolution in search of liberty. He soon became a successful merchant and banker. During the way Solomon supported the patriot cause. Like many Americans solomon had sacrificed his health and fortune to help his country survive.Costs of War No one knows exactly how many people died in the war but eight years of fighting took a terrible toll. An estimated 25,700 Americans died in the war and 1,400 remined missing with 8,200 wounded. The british military sufferd 10,000 deaths. Debts and loses Many soldiers who survided the war and left the army with no money. They had recieved litlle or no pay. Instead of pay the government gave many soldiers land in the west in change for the lack of pay. Many men sold the land to get things like food, money and other basic needs. The war left the nation with a debt of about 27 million a debt that would prove difficulty to pay off. Thousands of loyalists lost their property between 60,000 and 100,000 loyalists. The war costed america around $100 million and by 1732 the US government was approximately 30 million dollars in debt. Treaty of Paris Benjamin franklin, John Adams, and John Jay began formal peace negotions with the british september 27 1782. The Final Treaty of paris which ended the revolutionary war signed on september 3 1783Favorable Terms The americans won favorable terms in the peace treaty The United states was independant Its boundaries would be the mississippi river on the west Canada on the north and spanish florida on the south The United States would receive the right to fish off canadas atlantic coast near newfounfland to nova scotia Each side would repay its debts to the other The british would return any enslaved persons that had been capturedCongress would recommend that the states return any property they had seized from the loyalists Neither britain or the states lived up to the treaty terms Boundary Disputes The treaty of paris led to boundary disputes or disagreement with spain who could not claim control of both banks of the missispi river for over 100 miles north of the gulf of mexico. The british refused to give up any of their military outposts or bases in the great lakes area such as fort detroit The threat to native american lands The teraty of paris redrew the national boundaries with little concern for native american interest. The british had attemptded to keep white settlers away from the native american territory by establishing the proclamation of 1763. Because of this many tribes had supported the british in the war. But in the treaty the british handed over to the native american lands without even consulting their former allies Creating a new nation Liberty had been the rally cry of the revolution as americans freed themselves from the british rule. Now the success of the revolution challenged the existing world order. For the first time in the Americas. A colonial rebellion against imperial power had succeeded. By destroying the british authority the revolution offered political reformers a chance to prove that republicatism the idea that a country can be governed by the people and without a king , could work. Imperial powers around the world began to fear this enw threat. New state and national governments:As early as 1775 british rule had become ineffective in many areas of the colonies. Eventually in may of 1776 the continental congress advised the colonies to establish new governments. By 1777 nearly all the former colonies had adopten written constitutions. two colonies connecticut and rhode island retained government established by their royal chartersAll the new state constitutions contained some sort of individuality rights and liberties. For instance virginias new constitution of 1776 was based on virginia declaration of rights. It protected many rights and guaranteed freedom of the press and freedom of religion. Freedom and slavery During the revolution some poeple began to see a conflict between slavery and the ideal of liberty. In response vermant outlawed slavery and pennsilvania passed a law to free slaves graduatly. Individual africans would also fight for their rights to freedom. For example elizabeth freeman sued for her freedom in massachusets court and won. Her victory in 1781 and otehr similar cases ended slavery in that state. Freed americans formed their own institutions. For example in philadelphia Richard allen helped start the free african society a nondenomential group that encouraged people to help each other Defining religious freedom For many americans central to the ideal of liberty was the idea that religion was a private matter that poeple should have the right to choose and practice their personal religious beleifs. In 1777 thomas jefferson proposed his virginia statue for religious freeodm, in it he claimed that poepe have “natural right” to freedom of opinion including religious opinion. Jefferson opposed the state laws that prohibited jews or catholics from holding off public office. Jeffersons statue was eventually adopted as law in virginia later it became the basis of religious rights guarenteed by the bill of rights in the U.S constitution. Uniting the States For almost two centuries each colony had been governed independently of its neighbours. The colonies had been quarrelsome. And often un-cooperative. However as the war turned turned colonies into states americans saw how important it was for these states to work together as a nation. The great challenge that lay ahead was how to remain united as a nation of independent states, despite regional and religious differences. Congress encouraged american privateers to attack british merchant ships. A privateer is a privately owned ship that has been granted permission by a wartime government to attack an enemys merchant ships. After capturing a ship the crew of a privateer sold its cargo and shared the money. America commissioned more than 1,000 privateers to prey on the british. They captured hundreds of ships causing british merchants to call on their government to end the war. Though outnumbered the continental navy scored several victories. A daring officer names john paul jones inspired americans by sailing across the atlantic to attack british ships along the coast of britian itself The Path To VictoryHow were the americans able to defeat the britishLaking trade exirince supplies and forcesMany civilians helped the americans Had motivation lots of support and the leadership of george washingtonForeign allies like spanish and french helped them try and take downt the britishAmericans had better communicationAmerican troops were outnumberd by a large margin

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Lesson 3 Objections to the Constitution At the time of the ratification debate Americans across the nation complained that the constitution did not include a bill of rights. Abuse of power George Mason was one of the leading antifederalists in “objection to the constitution of government formed by the convention. Mason believed that presidents might abuse the power to grant pardons for treason in order to protect the guilty The Living Constitution The framers of the Constitution created a flexible plan for governing the United States far into the future. They also described ways to allow changes in the constitution. For over 200 years the Constitution has guided the American people. It remains a “living document” meaning it's still around today and thrives in America today. The images below show how the Constitution has shaped American history Seven principles of the constitutionThe framers of the Constitution constructed a new system of government. Seven principles supported their efforts to picture how these principles work, imagine seven building blocks. Together they form the foundation of the united states constitution. Popular sovereignty: Who gives the government its power?“We the people of the united states establish this constitution for the united states of America” These words from the preamble or introduction to the constitution clearly spell out the source of government power. The Constitution rests on the idea of popular sovereignty- a government in th which the people rule. As a nation changed and gerw popular sovereignty took on new meaning. A broader range of americans shared in the power to govern themselvesRepublicanismHow are people views represented in government?The framers of the constitution wanted the people to have a voice in government. Yet the framers also feared that public opinion might stand in the way of sound decision making. To solve this problem they looked up to republicanismas a model of government. Republicanism is based on this belief: the people exercise their power by voting for their political representatives. Fact: article 4 section 4 of the constitution also calls for every state to have a “republic form of government”Federalism How is power shared?The framers wanted the states and the nation to become partners in governing. To build cooperation, the framers turned to federalism. Federalism is a system of a government in which power is divided between a central government and smaller political units, such as states.the consitution assings certain powers to the national government. These are delegated powers. Powers shared or exercised by national and state government are known as concurrent powers. Separation of powers, how is power divided? The framers were concerned that too much power might fall into the hands of a single group. To avoird this problem they built the idea of separation of powers into the constitution. This principlemeans the division of basic government roles into branches no one branch is given all the power. Articles 1,2 and 3 of the constitution show how the power is split among the three branchesChecks and Balances, How is power evenly distributed?Baron de montesquieu an 18th century french thinker wrote “power should be a check to power” his comment refers to the principle of checks and balances. Each branch ofgovernment can exercise checks or controls over the other branches. Though the branches of government are separate they rely on one another to perform the worl of government. The framers included a system of checks and balances in the constitution to help make sure that the branches work together fairly Limited government, How is abuse of power prevented?The framers restricted the power of government. Article 1 section 9, of the constitution lists the powers denied to the congress. Article 1 section 10 forbids the states to take certain action. The principle of limited government is also closely related to the “rule of law” Individual rights, how are persian,l freedoms protected?The first ten amendments to the constitution shield people from an overly powerful government. These amendments are called the bill of rights. The bill of rights guarantees certain individual rights, or personal liberties 

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Lesson 3 Objections to the Constitution At the time of the ratification debate Americans across the nation complained that the constitution did not include a bill of rights. Abuse of power George Mason was one of the leading antifederalists in “objection to the constitution of government formed by the convention. Mason believed that presidents might abuse the power to grant pardons for treason in order to protect the guilty The Living Constitution The framers of the Constitution created a flexible plan for governing the United States far into the future. They also described ways to allow changes in the constitution. For over 200 years the Constitution has guided the American people. It remains a “living document” meaning it's still around today and thrives in America today. The images below show how the Constitution has shaped American history Seven principles of the constitutionThe framers of the Constitution constructed a new system of government. Seven principles supported their efforts to picture how these principles work, imagine seven building blocks. Together they form the foundation of the united states constitution. Popular sovereignty: Who gives the government its power?“We the people of the united states establish this constitution for the united states of America” These words from the preamble or introduction to the constitution clearly spell out the source of government power. The Constitution rests on the idea of popular sovereignty- a government in th which the people rule. As a nation changed and gerw popular sovereignty took on new meaning. A broader range of americans shared in the power to govern themselvesRepublicanismHow are people views represented in government?The framers of the constitution wanted the people to have a voice in government. Yet the framers also feared that public opinion might stand in the way of sound decision making. To solve this problem they looked up to republicanismas a model of government. Republicanism is based on this belief: the people exercise their power by voting for their political representatives. Fact: article 4 section 4 of the constitution also calls for every state to have a “republic form of government”Federalism How is power shared?The framers wanted the states and the nation to become partners in governing. To build cooperation, the framers turned to federalism. Federalism is a system of a government in which power is divided between a central government and smaller political units, such as states.the consitution assings certain powers to the national government. These are delegated powers. Powers shared or exercised by national and state government are known as concurrent powers. Separation of powers, how is power divided? The framers were concerned that too much power might fall into the hands of a single group. To avoird this problem they built the idea of separation of powers into the constitution. This principlemeans the division of basic government roles into branches no one branch is given all the power. Articles 1,2 and 3 of the constitution show how the power is split among the three branchesChecks and Balances, How is power evenly distributed?Baron de montesquieu an 18th century french thinker wrote “power should be a check to power” his comment refers to the principle of checks and balances. Each branch ofgovernment can exercise checks or controls over the other branches. Though the branches of government are separate they rely on one another to perform the worl of government. The framers included a system of checks and balances in the constitution to help make sure that the branches work together fairly Limited government, How is abuse of power prevented?The framers restricted the power of government. Article 1 section 9, of the constitution lists the powers denied to the congress. Article 1 section 10 forbids the states to take certain action. The principle of limited government is also closely related to the “rule of law” Individual rights, how are persian,l freedoms protected?The first ten amendments to the constitution shield people from an overly powerful government. These amendments are called the bill of rights. The bill of rights guarantees certain individual rights, or personal liberties 

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Key words

Battles of Charles town - British siege of Charleston, south Carolina  in may 1780 where America suffered  their first defeat of the war

Lord Cornwallis - British general whose campaign in the south led to his defeat in Yorktown

Battle of Yorktown - final battle of the war, the French and America forces defeat the British led by George Washington

Redoubt - a small force

American Story

James P. Collin a 16 year old found himself in the middle of the civil war. He watched as they went to war. Around south and north America in 1780 he saw American patriots surround 1000 American loyalists and killed them led by Patrick Ferguson

The war moves south

The British were no longer able to survive and decided to move to the believing they were loyal, and support them because the slaves were granted freedom and expected them to join the British. Only some did

Savannah and Charles town Fall

In 1778, the British captured Savannah, Georgia and most of Georgia

Military communications took over 4 months because ships had to be passed

Guerilla War

After the Americans returned the British struggled taking over the south. The Guerillas continued to attack british messengers, making it difficult for them to keep in touch with their bases at the coast. The Guerilla was led by Francis Marion “Swamp Fox” and he attacks in the swamps

The End of The War

The French colonies joined forces with America to prevent the British from escaping Yorktown, VA. This is when the battle of Yorktown began. The British protected themselves using redoubts (mini forts) to keep the weapons from the towns, allies found the weapons and the British were forced to surrender. The peace treaty was then discussed.

Why The Americans Won

Lacked training, experience, supplies and weapons and the British were one of the best forces.

Many civilians helped the Americans. Read chart

Fond Farewells

In 1783, the British troops were almost fully out of new York city

Farewell letter were wrote and the Americans were happy

Young civilians made up most of the army when they were not supposed to go to war

Philis Wheatley - famous poet who supported the patriots

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elijah unit 2

Leason 2

Marquis de Lafayette

French aristocrat who volunteered to serve in Washington’s army

Valley Forge

site in southeast @nnsylvania where Washington and his army camped in the winter of 1777-1778

George Rogers Clark

frontiersman who helped defend the Western frontier

John Paul Jones

sea commander who attacked British ships near the British coast

Wilderness Road

a tail into Kentucky

BACKGROUND VOCABULARY

ally

a country that agrees to help another country achieve a common goal desert to leave military duty without permission

privateer

a privately owned ship that has been granted permission by a wartime government to attack an enemy’s merchant ships

In 1778, General Washington hoped to take Newport, Rhode Island, from the British. The French had just entered the war, and their fleet had arrived to help the Americans.

The French were still bitter over their defeat by Britain in the French and Indian War, In which France lost its North American colonies.

However, the French didn’t become an overt American ally until the Americans had proved they could win a conventional battle against British forces.

After hearing of the American victory at Saratoga, King Louis XVI of France publicly recognized U.S., independence.

The Spanish governor of Louisiana, General Bernardo de Galver, acted quiddity. He captured the British strongholds of Natchez and Baton Rouge in the lower Mississippi Valley.

European military officers from France, Poland, and the German states came to Washington’s aid.

Lafayette fought in many battles and also persuaded the French king to send a 6,000-man army to America.

Thanks to a German officer, the Baron von Steuben, the inexperienced American army was transformed into a stalled fighting force. Von Steuben began by forming a model company of 100 men.

He taught them how to handle weapons properly. He also showed them how to fight the kind of formal battles favoured by the British.

In the late 18th century, the region between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River was known as the frontier; colonists had only just begun to settle there. In 1763, the British had tried to restrict settlement in this area and built forts in the region.

in May 1778, Clark led a cholla group of frontiersmen to Kaskaskia, a British Kaskaskia fort guarding the Mississippi River They captured Kaskaskia without a fight.

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unit 2 elijah. UNIT 2

Lesson 1 Notes

In 1765 Franklin's father (The famous American diplomat Benjamin Franklin) was in London to protest the stamp act.

In one letter, she vividly described the colonial reaction to the repeal of the Stamp act.

During the French and Indian War, American colonists helped the British defeat the French.

In the 1760s, however, parliament’s new laws and restrictions the colonists’ freedom.

Women became activists

This is when women started playing big roles in political causes

They made the biggest impact of boycotting goods from the British

colonist battle redcoats at Lexington

April 19, 1775

The redcoats were intending to limit the possibility of rebellion by seizing weapons from the colonists

This was between British regulars and American provincials

This was important because it's considered the first war and this marked the beginning of the American Revolution

Ethan Allen

He was the leader of a patriot group of fighters known as the Greenhill fighter boys

Thomas Paine

He supported revolutionary causes in America and Europe

He is the author of common sense

He published his novel in 1776

Thomas Jefferson

He was one of the Founding fathers

He is the principal author of the Declaration of Independence

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(Jacob) Unit 1 reviewSpain and portugal exploring the new world Landed in the caribbeans Moors were muslim Spanish christian Atlantic current Whats the renesance Crispus attukus He was born into slavery in 1723 He was the son of a african american father and native american mother He escaped slavery by running away to the sea In march 1770 he was in boston He was killed protesting in the boston massacre Colonist protest Colonists in boston organized a boycott of british goodsIn october 1767 other colonies had joined the massachusetts protest  Political activism spreads As the boycott spread more and more colonies joined Women formed their own groups called the daughters of liberty The daughters of liberty They organized boycotts and helped manufactured goods that were in short supply The Boston Massacre March 5 1770This event lead to the american revolution This fueled the anger of colonist like samuel adams This started because of fight between american colonists and a british soldier Women became activists This is when women started playing big roles in political cause They made the biggest impact of boycotting goods from the british colonist battle redcoats at lexingtonApril 19, 1775 The redcoats were intending to limit the possibility of rebellion by seizing weapons from the colonists This was between british regulars and american provincials This was important because its considered the first war and this marked the beginning of the american revolution Ethan allen He was the leader of a patriot group of fighters known as the greenhill fighter boysThomas paine He supported revolutionary causes in america and europe He is the author of common sense He published his novel in 1776Thomas JeffersonHe was one of the founding fathersHe is the principal author of the declaration of independence 

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(Jacob) Unit 1 reviewSpain and portugal exploring the new world Landed in the caribbeans Moors were muslim Spanish christian Atlantic current Whats the renesance Crispus attukus He was born into slavery in 1723 He was the son of a african american father and native american mother He escaped slavery by running away to the sea In march 1770 he was in boston He was killed protesting in the boston massacre Colonist protest Colonists in boston organized a boycott of british goodsIn october 1767 other colonies had joined the massachusetts protest  Political activism spreads As the boycott spread more and more colonies joined Women formed their own groups called the daughters of liberty The daughters of liberty They organized boycotts and helped manufactured goods that were in short supply The Boston Massacre March 5 1770This event lead to the american revolution This fueled the anger of colonist like samuel adams This started because of fight between american colonists and a british soldier Women became activists This is when women started playing big roles in political cause They made the biggest impact of boycotting goods from the british colonist battle redcoats at lexingtonApril 19, 1775 The redcoats were intending to limit the possibility of rebellion by seizing weapons from the colonists This was between british regulars and american provincials This was important because its considered the first war and this marked the beginning of the american revolution Ethan allen He was the leader of a patriot group of fighters known as the greenhill fighter boysThomas paine He supported revolutionary causes in america and europe He is the author of common sense He published his novel in 1776Thomas JeffersonHe was one of the founding fathersHe is the principal author of the declaration of independence 

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Unit 2

11-13

March 5,1770, a group of colonists surrounded the soldiers around the state house

Then throwing snowballs and insulting each other.

The soldiers felt unsafe and began to fire guns killing five people and crispus

This was know as the boston massacre

They were then punished with anti british propaganda

The ones who died were now heroes who lost their lives for freedom and the soldiers were villains

The soldiers were arrested and John Adams was the lawyer defending the soldiers in court

Adams was ccritized and harmed but he was only to make sure every one had a fair trial instead immediate sentencing, claiming self defense

In april 1770

Colonists stopped buying tea  from british merchants because of the taxes and began to smuggle

British companies began to lose money because of unsold products

Then tea act was brought in 1773

Allowing lower prices of tea and the right to sell in certain colonies

Samuel adams persuaded many colonist to protest against british policy and taxation

John adams thecousin  decided to rather make a legal petition to the king for no right to tax the colonies

South carolina left their tea to rot

New york and philly blockted all tea ships

Then in boston the tea party was created

In december 3 men disguised as natives

Boarding 3 tea ships, claiming they took out all the tea and throwing it over and breaking it

342 chest of tea were broken

18-20

In 1774 laws were passed to punish the massachusetts colony called the intolerable acts

1772 other colonies were willing to help massachusetts

In september 1774 the first continental congress of all colonies expect georgia met in philadelphia. Voting to ban all trade with british

Abigsil adams, asked for more rights from her husband who was john adams

27-29

Declaring Independence

American story - Margaret kemble gage loyalty was with england and America while her husband was the chief of the british army

She didnt know which side to choose

She revealed secret plans of the british, she then sent back to england

The siege of boston

After fighting in lexington they retreated to boston and the general could make his next move 15,000 new england troops surrounded the town

Forced british to surrender

Boston could not be easily attacked on land because of the surrounded water

Placing canons they surrendered again

Capturing a fort with a large amount of artillery, canons and large guns

The second continental congress was on this day to create a continental army

In 1775 the british in boston attack the militiamen who were on the bunker hill