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1969: ARPANET, the precursor to the modern internet, is created by the U.S. Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA).

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The first email is sent by Ray Tomlinson, establishing a new form of communication over computer networks.

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The TCP/IP protocol is standardized, providing the foundation for the modern internet.

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Tim Berners-Lee, a British computer scientist, proposes the concept of the World Wide Web.

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The first web browser, called WorldWideWeb, is developed by Tim Berners-Lee.

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The first web page is published, introducing the world to the possibilities of the World Wide Web.

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The Mosaic web browser is released, popularizing the graphical interface of the web and increasing its accessibility.

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Internet Explorer 1.0 is released by Microsoft, sparking the "browser wars" with Netscape Navigator.

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Google is founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, revolutionizing internet search with their innovative algorithms.

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Napster, a file-sharing service, launches, paving the way for the peer-to-peer sharing of music and other media.

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Wikipedia, the free online encyclopedia, is launched, enabling collaborative knowledge creation.

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The social networking site MySpace is launched, ushering in the era of social media.

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Mark Zuckerberg creates Facebook, initially as a social networking site for Harvard University students.

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YouTube is founded, allowing users to share and watch videos online.

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Twitter is launched, introducing the concept of microblogging and real-time updates.

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The iPhone is released, revolutionizing the mobile internet and paving the way for smartphones.

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Instagram is launched, focusing on photo-sharing and becoming immensely popular.

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Snapchat is released, introducing ephemeral messaging and sharing of multimedia content.

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The United Nations declares internet access a human right, recognizing its importance in the modern world.

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The COVID-19 pandemic accelerates digital transformation, with increased reliance on remote work, online learning, and telemedicine.