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1. The author argues that social media has a bad impact on teens the more they use it. The main point that the author argues is that it can negatively impact teens mental health and the increase in social media over the past few years has led to an increase in depression in teens.
2. I find the argument very persuasive because it uses data and research that the author has conducted in order to prove their point. The research is described in very good detail and I think that makes the argument seem more urgent to the readers.
3. The author believes that social media has negative impacts on teens mental health and the more they use it, the bigger chances there are to have a decrease in mental health. The author believes that this is an urgent problem and gives some ideas for solutions to the issue.
4. I have found these ideas in other sources as well, but this source focuses more on the issue of mental health instead of social media and its negative impacts as a whole. This source also gives a lot of new research that is focused on mental health and gives solutions based off of that research.
5. This source supports my ideas and argument and backs up one of the points that I plan to make within my paper. It agrees that social media has negative effects on teens, and it follows the path to finding solutions for the problem.
6. The audience for this article is mostly for parents of teens and teens themselves. The purpose is to inform them about the possible negative outcomes of the overuse of social media and gives research to back up their points to the readers.

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1. The author argues that social media does have an effect of body image for teenagers. They argue that the negative effects that it has on teens is very dangerous and needs to be fixed, however, the author mainly focuses on their research and discusses their results.
2. I think the argument is very persuasive because there is a lot of data behind their results. The author talks a little bit about the negative effects it has, however, they mainly focus on the solution which gives the article a sense of urgency to the readers, allowing it to be very persuasive.
3. The author believes that social media has negative effects on body image and thinks that something needs to change in order to fix that issue. They believe strongly in their solution and think that it could be a possible fix for the issue.
4. I have run across similar ideas in other sources, however this source is different from the rest because it only focuses on the negative effects of body image. The rest of the sources have talked about body image, however, it has not been the main topic of conversation.
5. The author supports my argument and agrees that social media has negative effects on teens. The author supports the idea that the problem needs to be fixed soon and they give a very thought out and researched solution to the issue at hand.
6. The audience of this article is also teens and parents because the author wants to inform them about these negative effects and possible ways to fix them. The purpose is mainly to give an idea on how to fix the issue being discussed.

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1. The author argues that there are both positive and negative effects of social media. The main focus is doing research to understand how teens can use social media in a more positive way in order to decrease the amount of negative effects it has.
2. I don't think the argument is very persuasive just because it focuses on both sides of the argument. However, I do think that it is helpful for the audience because it gives insight on a possible fix for the issue, giving it some persuasive aspects.
3. The author's stance is that there are both negative and positive effects from social media on teens, however, there is also ways to improve the problem. The author is against some aspects of social media and gives examples as to why the problem needs to be fixed.
4. I do recognize ideas from other sources that I have looked at because a lot of them give the same negative effects that social media has. The only thing that I found different about this article is that the author gives ideas on how to shift the negative aspects into positive aspects in order to help teens that go through this issue.
5. This source supports my beliefs on the issue and backs up my ideas that I plan to make in my argument. It is nice to have this source because it gives me examples of possible fixes and I think that is something that will be very useful within my paper.
6. The intended audience is teens and parents, and the purpose of the article is to inform them about the effects that social media can have on them or their children. It also gives possible solutions for the audience to try.

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I have not given, received, or used any unauthorized assistance on my project

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I have not given, received, or used any unauthorized assistance on my project

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1. The author argues that social media can lead to bad ideas about body image, which could then lead to possible mental disorders like depression. The author argues that people put these ideas into their head and that social media isn't the issue, but the way people perceive it is.
2. I find the argument very persuasive because it backs up a lot of the other research I have already done, and it also uses a lot of evidence to make their argument stronger. All of the evidence used comes from reliable sources as well, so it makes the argument a lot stronger.
3. The author's stance is that when people see different types of body styles on social media, they compare themselves to the images and become self-conscious about the way they look. The author agrees that social media causes these problems as well but isn't as against social media as the other sources I have found.
4. This source leaves out their thoughts on social media and other negative affects aside from body image. However, this source gives a lot more insight on the body image debate and allows for clarity about a possible solution to the issue.
5. This source supports by position because it argues that social media leads to negative effects of body image. However, this source made me think more about the idea that the issue could be caused by the people and not social media, so social media isn't the main bad guy in this argument which I think is very interesting.
6. The intended audience for this article is parents and teens that use social media. The purpose is to inform the readers about the possible effects of social media and what it could lead to. However, it also gives a very descriptive solution that people can use immediately after learning more about the issue.

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The rise of the selfie can lead to a great deal of negative comparison and self-doubt. Shutterstock

Social media is a wonderful way to connect with others, share experiences and opinions and express ideas. But it can have a dark side for body image, which requires a critical and thoughtful approach to counteract.

People who have body image concerns feel worried, distressed and unhappy about their appearance, weight or shape. They may be concerned about being too large, too small, not curvy enough, or not muscular enough.

Body dissatisfaction of this kind causes a great deal of distress and can lead to severe psychological and physical problems. Consequently, body dissatisfaction has been identified as a serious public health problem.

Viewing pictures in magazines and on TV that show thin, attractive women or muscular, lean men has been shown to lead to body dissatisfaction. New research is looking at effects of use of social media such as Instagram, Facebook, and Pinterest. This shows people who frequently use social media are also likely to have problems with body image.

Social media can be a dangerous body image environment

Social media can be toxic for body image. It is highly visual and interactive, and appearance is central to success.

Collecting "likes" and followers provides an immediate marker of achievement and popularity. These feed directly into users' sense of self-worth.

The interactive and sometimes anonymous nature of social media means feedback is instant and unfiltered. Negative feedback and criticism abound. This creates greater pressure on appearance and competition to outdo one's peers.

Using social media often revolves around appearance. People spend a great deal of time checking out how they look compared with others - friends, peers, and celebrities - and spend a lot of time talking about appearance. This might be chat and interactions about trying to lose weight or bulk up muscle.

But more subtle interactions happen too, including things like receiving compliments about appearance that reinforce the importance of body image in how you are judged as a person. These "appearance conversations" and "appearance comparisons" play an important role in the development of body image concerns.

The way people present themselves on social media can also contribute to problems for body image. People often strive to present themselves in the best light, especially in relation to how they look.

It is not unusual for people to spend a great deal of time thinking about their next "selfie" opportunity and planning the right pose to capture their best and most attractive self. People often edit or add filters to their selfies, take many selfies before choosing one to post, and worry about the reactions of others.

The greater the effort and concern around creating and posting the most attractive selfies, the greater the body image concerns.

People can become trapped in a vicious world. They anxiously await "likes" and feedback from others, then feel wounded and disappointed if the desired response is not forthcoming. They then feel even more distressed and anxious about their appearance.

The importance of (social) media literacy

Although the social media environment can cause difficulties for body image concerns, not all people are affected in this way. It is not entirely clear why this is the case, but research with traditional media offers some clues.

Recent research shows teenage girls who take a critical approach to viewing idealised appearance images in traditional media are protected against a negative effect on body image. This critical approach to understanding media is called media literacy.

This includes questioning the truthfulness of a media image, questioning whether an image has been manipulated to obtain a particular effect, and assessing what are the motives behind the way an image has been presented.

When girls take this critical approach, their body image is less affected by viewing traditional appearance media. Gains made in traditional media literacy prevention programs may be applied to social media arenas too.

"Social media literacy" not only includes an understanding of the messages behind commercial media advertising seen on social media sites, but focuses on the way people interact on social media.

This includes an understanding about how friends, peers and celebrities use social media. It is also about understanding the fact that people carefully select or modify images of themselves to present the best picture of themselves and their world.

It might be anticipated that the more people understand the social media world, the less likely they are to make comparisons with the images they see on social media, which they then interpret in a negative way.

If this proves to be the case, enhancing social media literacy through school programs or social marketing campaigns is likely to have a protective effect in relation to body image.

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Social media can damage body image - here's how to counteract it

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Social media is a wonderful way to connect with others, share experiences and opinions and express ideas. But it can have a dark side for body image, which requires a critical and thoughtful approach to counteract. People who have body image concerns feel worried, distressed and unhappy about their appearance, weight or shape.

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1. The author argues that social media has many negative effects on teens. In addition to that, on of the authors biggest arguments is that social media effects teenage girls more than teenage boys and the author continues to argue this point throughout the entire article.
2. I find the argument very persuasive because there was a lot of evidence used from outside sources and the sources were very reliable. However, the author does not talk to much about the opposing argument so it is very hard to tell where they stand when considering any positive effects of social media.
3. The author believes that social media could be harmful to teens when they don't get enough sleep or physical activity. The author also argues that teenage girls are more effected than teenage boys. The author talks a little about the effects it has on the boys, but the main focus is about possible negative outcomes for young women.
4. This source is very similar to other sources when comparing viewpoints and outcomes of the overuse of social media. One thing that is very different is the fact that the author also includes teenage boys in the argument and uses that information as a comparison to the teenage girls.
5. This source supports my thesis by arguing that social media negatively effects teenage girls, however, it does not touch on all aspect of my thesis. The article doesn't talk about how if effects how girls view body image and how that has negative effects as well.
6. The intended audience is for both parents and teens. The author gives possible solutions and those can be for either group of people. The purpose of the article is to inform the audience that there are negative effects of social media, but they can be overcome with the solutions given.

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The public and experts alike have blamed social media for a long list of mental health issues, including rising rates of depression, anxiety and suicidal behavior among America’s youth. But research on the subject is conflicting. One study published this spring, for example, found that social media use likely doesn’t have a terribly large impact on teenagers’ life satisfaction, despite all those expert warnings.

A new study published in the Lancet Child & Adolescent Health suggests the issue is even more nuanced. Social media is associated with mental health issues, the research says—but only under certain circumstances, and only for certain people. In girls, frequent social-media use seemed to harm health when it led to either cyberbullying and/or inadequate sleep and exercise. But these factors did not seem to have the same effect on boys, and the study didn’t pick up on specific ways that social networks could be harming them.

“The message, really, is that it’s not social-media use, per se, that causes harm,” says study co-author Dasha Nicholls, who leads the Child and Adolescent Mental Health research team at Imperial College London. “It’s about getting a balance between social-media use and other age-appropriate activities, and ensuring that there aren’t specific negative things happening online.”

Researchers analyzed data from the Our Futures study, which tracked about 10,000 U.K. teenagers over three years. Starting in 2013, the teens—then aged 13-14—answered questions about the frequency of their social-media use and in-person social interaction, as well as their health and demographic profiles. In subsequent years, the same teenagers provided updated information about their social-media use, and responded to other questions about their mental health, sleep habits, physical activity and brushes with cyberbullying.

In 2013, only about 43% of the teens in the study said they regularly checked social media multiple times per day. That rose to 59% in year two, and 68.5% in year three. Over time, frequent social-media use was associated with decreased mental health and well-being, as measured by responses to questions about psychological distress, life satisfaction, happiness and anxiety. Social media seemed to have a stronger impact on girls, but the relationship was present for boys as well.

The picture grew more complicated when researchers examined which habitual social-media users also reported cyberbullying, lack of sleep and lack of exercise, which they thought could be responsible for much of the problem. They found that those three factors could almost completely predict whether frequent social-media use would harm a teenage girl’s well-being. Cyberbullying appeared to be the most damaging to girls, followed by lack of sleep and lack of exercise.

In boys, however, these factors only explained 12% of the relationship between social media and poor mental health. There are a few reasons that may be true. For one thing, girls tend to be more susceptible than boys to mental health conditions such as depression and anxiety regardless of screen time. Girls also experience more cyberbullying than boys, and Nicholls says they may be uniquely bothered by certain aspects of it, including comments about appearance and negative comparisons with others.

It’s perhaps more surprising that lack of rest and exercise stemming from online activity did not seem to affect boys, since both sleep quality and physical activity are strongly associated with mental health, regardless of gender. The discrepancy may boil down to use patterns, the study suggests. Since girls reported more frequent use of social media overall, it may be that boys are not sacrificing sleep and exercise to the same extent that girls are. The study, like most on this topic, was observational, meaning it could only look at patterns within its dataset, rather than designing a lab study that would dictate how much social media different kids used. It also couldn’t fully assess the duration of teens’ social-media use, only how many times per day they checked various apps and sites. But Nicholls says despite these limitations, the study can help guide teens toward healthier lifestyles, as one of the first to look into specific ways that social media may harm mental health over time.

“The key messages to young people are: Get enough sleep; don’t lose contact with your friends in real life; and physical activity is important for mental health and well-being,” Nicholls says. “If you look after yourself in those ways, you don’t have to worry about the impact of social media.”

Takeaways for parents of teens are similar, she says. They should encourage teenagers to stay active and turn off their phones at night—and perhaps more importantly, they should specifically ask about cyberbullying, since that seems to be a primary source of harm, Nicholls says.

“The emphasis needs to now be on the mechanisms and the content,” she says, “rather than just black-balling social media.”

Write to Jamie Ducharme at jamie.ducharme@time.com.

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Social Media May Damage Teens' Mental Health. But a New Study Offers Advice on How to Use It Safely

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Social media can damage teens' mental health under certain circumstances, but a new study says it can be used safely. Here's how.

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1. The author focused on both the positive and negative aspects of social media and teens. They author argues that social media can benefit teens by allowing them to build social networks, however, the argument was that social media gives an easier way for teens to get bullied and be forced into peer pressure. The author also gives possible solutions to the issue at the end of the article.
2. Since the author focuses on both the positive and negative sides of the argument, I don't see it as a very persuasive article. However, I can tell that the author is more on the negative side because of how many examples they give in that section. The author doesn't use a lot of evidence except for at the beginning where they give statistics, and they give credit to where they found that information.
3. The author is more bias toward the negative effects of social media because they give many more examples of that, and they also have the possible solutions section that forces me to believe they are on that side of the argument. However, the author does treat each side of the argument fairy.
4. This source has a lot of the same information that other sources have, except for the fact that it focuses on all teens instead of just teenage girls. A lot of the other sources that I have looked at primarily focus on the negative effects of social media, however, this one focuses on both the positive and negative aspects of it and the author lists possible solutions which is different from a lot of the sources.
5. This source does both. It mainly supports my ideas; however, it also gives justice to the opposing side of my argument. I think this source will come in handy because I will be able to compare the positives and negatives together in order to make my argument stronger within my paper.
6. I can tell that the intended audience is parents of teens because of the solutions area of the article. I can also tell that the purpose is to inform parents of what social media actually does to their children.

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Teens and social media use: What's the impact?

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Find out how to help limit the negative impact of these popular apps on your teenager.