# data[].attributes.body
The Russian Empire emerged as one of the great world powers and played a leading role in international events, like the War of 1812 and World War I

# data[].attributes.body
allow the pope freedom of action without owing loyalty to any secular prince.

# data[].attributes.body
best-known for its medieval fishing villages, rugged coastline, and its fierce independence

# data[].attributes.body
The Portuguese destroyed the Arab trade routes in the Indian Ocean between Africa, Arabia and India.

# data[].attributes.body
rich cultural heritage such as Ponferrada, Astorga with its Episcopal Palace by Gaudí

# data[].attributes.body
conquered the last Moorish state of Granada, thereby ending Muslim rule in Iberia and completing the Reconquista.

# data[].attributes.body
It envisioned itself as a dominion for Christendom continuing in the tradition of the ancient Roman Empire and was characterized by strong papal authority

# data[].attributes.body
Bohemia's initial incorporation into the Moravian Empire resulted in the extensive Christianization of the population

# data[].attributes.body
civilization in Syria was one of the most ancient on earth. Syria is part of the Fertile Crescent, and since approximately 10,000 BCE it was one of the centers of Neolithic culture

# data[].attributes.body
known for being cosmopolitan, well-educated, and openminded people. Equality is a keyword in Danish culture.

# data[].attributes.body
Germanic peoples eventually overwhelmed the Western Roman Empire, which by the Middle Ages facilitated their conversion from paganism to Christianity and the abandonment of their tribal way of life.

# data[].attributes.body
Flanders was a hub of trade and the centre of Europe's textile industry

# data[].attributes.body
Sweden became known to the rest of the world through the Vikings who emerged in the 9th century to raid much of northern Europe

# data[].attributes.body
separated at its southern tip from North Africa by only a narrow strait situated at the juncture of the Mediterranean

# data[].attributes.body
the Danube played a vital role in the settlement and political evolution of central and southeastern Europe.

# data[].attributes.body
played a key role for geographical and military reasons

# data[].attributes.body
port of Le Havre at the mouth of the Seine is France's largest international shipping port

# data[].attributes.body
spiritual homeland of the Jewish people since the 10th century BC.

# data[].attributes.body
As the center of the Byzantine Empire, Constantinople contained vast wealth and allowed the emperor to lead the Eastern territories from a close, central position.

# data[].attributes.location_name
Naples, Metropolitan City of Naples, Italy

# data[].attributes.headline
Naples, Metropolitan City of Naples, Italy

# data[].attributes.subject
Naples, Metropolitan City of Naples, Italy

# data[].attributes.body
Naples was among the foremost cities of Magna Graecia, playing a key role in the transmission of Greek culture to Roman society.

# data[].attributes.location_name
Milan, Metropolitan City of Milan, Italy

# data[].attributes.headline
Milan, Metropolitan City of Milan, Italy

# data[].attributes.subject
Milan, Metropolitan City of Milan, Italy

# data[].attributes.body
During the Renaissance Milan was one of Europe's economic and political centres. It gained wealth through its rich agriculture and manufactures of silk and weapons.

# data[].attributes.location_name
Florence, Metropolitan City of Florence, Italy

# data[].attributes.headline
Florence, Metropolitan City of Florence, Italy

# data[].attributes.subject
Florence, Metropolitan City of Florence, Italy

# data[].attributes.body
Florence was a centre of medieval European trade and finance and one of the wealthiest cities of that era. It is considered by many academics to have been the birthplace of the Renaissance

# data[].attributes.location_name
Venice, Metropolitan City of Venice, Italy

# data[].attributes.headline
Venice, Metropolitan City of Venice, Italy

# data[].attributes.subject
Venice, Metropolitan City of Venice, Italy

# data[].attributes.body
major financial and maritime power during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, and a staging area for the Crusades and the Battle of Lepanto, as well as a very important centre of commerce

# data[].attributes.body
Ghent is well known for its large public squares and marketplaces

# data[].attributes.body
In the 13th century, Bruges was the leading trade centre of northwestern Europe.

# data[].attributes.body
an important cultural and commercial centre, by virtue of its geographical position at the crossroads of the orient and the occident, between Africa and Asia

# data[].attributes.body
strategic location at the junction of the Nile Valley and the Nile Delta regions, crossing route

# data[].attributes.body
the economic center of the Hanseatic League an economic alliance of the late Middle Ages, a federation of merchant cities from the 13th to the 17th century.

# data[].attributes.body
Black Sea has long been important in linking the economies of Europe, Eurasia, and the Middle East

# data[].attributes.body
The plate's movement contributed to the formation of the surrounding mountain chains and Apennine tectonic uplift after its collision with the Eurasian plate.

# data[].attributes.body
provided routes for trade, colonization, and war, as well as food