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“SUNSET UPHILL by Michelle Lavallée , Oil on Canvas, 24x30 Inches.” Wellesley Society of Artists, wellesleysocietyofartists.org/sunset-uphill-by-michelle-lavallee-oil-on-canvas-24x30-inches/. Accessed 12 June 2023.

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“SUNSET UPHILL by Michelle Lavallée , Oil on Canvas, 24x30 Inches.” Wellesley Society of Artists, wellesleysocietyofartists.org/sunset-uphill-by-michelle-lavallee-oil-on-canvas-24x30-inches/. Accessed 12 June 2023.

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“Michelle LaVallee.” Wikipedia, 3 Aug. 2022, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_LaVallee. Accessed 11 June 2023.

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“Michelle LaVallee.” Wikipedia, 3 Aug. 2022, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_LaVallee. Accessed 11 June 2023.

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“Bill Reid - Haida Artist.” Spirits of the West Coast Art Gallery Inc, spiritsofthewestcoast.com/collections/bill-reid.

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“Bill Reid - Haida Artist.” Spirits of the West Coast Art Gallery Inc, spiritsofthewestcoast.com/collections/bill-reid.

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Michelle LaVallee is a curator, artist and educator. She's ojibway. She is mostly know for her acrylic paint and mixed media.

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Bill Reid is a Canadian indigenous Haida artist who creates sculptures like the figure above he was also a storyteller, writer, poet, and broadcaster.

AUTHOR: GERALD MCMASTER

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Claudia Skunk is a Anishinaabe first nations. She works as a Corporate Partnership Manager at imagineNATIVE Film + Media Arts Festival. Claudia loves working with organizations that uplift indigenous voices to be heard.

AUTHOR: COLE STEVENS-GOULAIS

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Indigenous History of Today’s High Park – High Park Nature. highparknature.org/article/indigenous-history/.

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Indigenous History of Today’s High Park – High Park Nature. highparknature.org/article/indigenous-history/.

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Bolduc, Denise, et al. Indigenous Toronto: Stories That Carry This Place. Google Books, Coach House Books, 27 Apr. 2021, www.google.ca/books/edition/Indigenous_Toronto/ZM7nDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&printsec=frontcover.

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Bolduc, Denise, et al. Indigenous Toronto: Stories That Carry This Place. Google Books, Coach House Books, 27 Apr. 2021, www.google.ca/books/edition/Indigenous_Toronto/ZM7nDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&printsec=frontcover.

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Residential schools started in the 17th century and lasted up until the 1990s. Residential schools were a way for the canadian government along side the churches to basically try to stripe away the indigenous in first nations people. While the school taught basic subjects like english and math the kids going to the school were treated horribly, the kids were seperated from their brothers and sisters and their parents. Many kids tried to run away from the school and many kids died before they could even graduate. In 2008 the prime minister apologized on the past governments actions in these residential schools and gave money to families who had been effected. However the damage was already done.

AUTHOR: N/A

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In todays day and age the people of Toronto have tried to recognize the past so we can work towards a better future for everyone in Toronto. We have recognized the indigenous past through special national days like orange shirt day which is the national reconciliation day.

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Toronto comes from the haudenosaunee word Tkaronto which means meeting place in their language. this is just how the country is called canada because of another indigenous word kanata which means home or settlement.

AUTHOR: N/A OR GOVERNMENT

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Oronhyatekha also know later in his life as ¨Doctor O¨ was born August 10, 1841 his name means burning sky. Oronhyatekha became one of the first urban indigenous and brought indigenous culture and values into the western society. Oronhyatekha was also the first indigenous to attend oxford university in England. He grew up in a reserve but later lived in the city.

AUTHOR: MINAWAATE GORDON-CORBIERE

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Oronhyatekha born in Six Nations and was raised with the culture and language of the Kanien´keha and had learned english at Martin´s Corner School. He then began attending Mohawk Institute the residential school run by the church. Oronhyatekha tried to run away from the school at least 3 times but non of them successful. Later in his life he became a shoemaker but realised that the shoemaker life wasen´t for him so he decided to go back to school. However due to lack of funding he had to get dismissed from the school. In his second year of being at the school before dismissal he participated in a protest that would later cause him damage in his education. In the 1860s the prince of wales came to visit his reservation and he was the one to have the honors of giving the welcoming address to the British prince. The Prince and his physician were moved by his speech and he was invited to study to at oxford university. However in June 1862 a month after he began his studies the past protest he participated in had come back to haunt him. A man named Abraham Nelle used his past protest as a reason to revoke his funding so he had to return to canada. Instead of returning to Six Nations he instead went to his mothers reservation Tyendinaga. He took up teaching and in the summers was the apprentice with Dr. John W. Ferugusson as he hoped to become a doctor. During this time he found a woman a descendent of the legendary war chiefs of his culture and they both fell in love and married eachother in 1863. After they were married Oronhyatekha enrolled into Toronto School Of Medicine this time with proper funding from his job. In 1864 Oronhyatekha and his wife had their first child and he earned his Bachelors Degree in medicine in 1866 with honours. and enrolled in the Doctors Degree of Medicine and earned it in 1867.

AUTHOR: MINAWAATE GORDON-CORBIERE

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Now that he was a Doctor he started working at the Hastings Country Medical Association and then later moved his practice to stratford and then London in 1875. In london he became a Forestor. in 1878 he was made a charter member of the court Dufferin in London being the first indigenous to do so. In 1881 he was elected to be head supreme Chief Ranger of the Order.  He faced countroversy between two organizations he worked for and they later battled eachother in court. In 1889 Doctor O moved back to toronto with the one of the organizations he worked for the IOF and countinued to further in his career and built an estate on his moms reserve called the pines. In 1903 he built a orphanage on an island he owned. However due to high costs the orphanage had to shut down shortly after Doctor O´s death. In his last years he spent them traveling the globe starting up courts for the IOF. At his funeral tens of thousands came to pay their respects to the legend.

AUTHOR: MINAWAATE GORDON-CORBIERE

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Indigenous were the original users of High Park since when the glaciers receded 11,000 years ago. High park was used as a home to them as well as used in many routes to travel to other places. The indigenous took great care in the vegetation and cherished the land. They took great pride in preserving the land which is why High Park is so beautiful to this day.

AUTHOR: KATHLEEN KEEFE

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Toronto was built upon land shared by the Mississaugas of the Credit the Anishnabeg the Chippewa, the Haudenosaunee and the Wendat people as well as other diverse first nations like the Metis.

AUTHOR: MELANIE ZETTLER