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Micro level

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People act on the basis of the meaning they attribute to others. Meaning grows out of the social interaction that we have with others.

People continuously reinterpret and reevaluate their knowledge and information in their everybody encounters.

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How does social interactions change across situations and between people?

Why does our behavior change because of our beliefs, attitudes, values, and roles?

How is “right” and “wrong” behavior defined, interpreted, reinforced, or discouraged?

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Meaning

Language

Thinking principle

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Good start...remember all members should be participating.

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Good start...remember all members should be participating.

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Macro level

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Society is composed of interrelated, mutually dependent parts.

Structures and functions maintain a society’s or group’s stability, cohesion, and continuity.

Dysfunctional activities that threaten a society’s or group’s survival are controlled or eliminated.

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What holds society together?

How does it work?

What is the structure of society?

What functions does society perform?

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System

Collective conscience

Consensus

Social order

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Herbert Spencer ( 1820-1903)

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Macro level

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How are resources distributed in a society?

Who benefits when resources are limited? Who loses?

How do those in power protect their privileges?

When does conflict lead to social change?

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Life is a continuous struggle between the haves and have-nots.

People compete for limited resources that are controlled by a small number of powerful groups.

Society is based on inequality in terms of ethnicity, race, social class, and gender.

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Competition

Revolution

Structural inequality

War

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1863-1931

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August’s Comte (1798-1857)
Émile Durkiem (1858-1917)
Talcott Paraons (1902-1979)
Robert K. Merton (1910-2003)

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Signature Discoveries by George Herbert Mead

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Signature Discoveries by George Herbert Mead

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Mead discovered 3 premises surrounding symbolic interaction: that humans act towards meaning of the things around them, meaning and value stems from external/group interactions, and meaning can vary depending on individual experiences.

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1864-1929

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Marx's theory was that society is in a conflict state due to the competition for limited research. This supports one of the main Sociology theories, "conflict" because his theory is more about who has power and domination over maintaining social order. The conflict theory views social and economic institutions as tools of the struggle among groups or classes, used to maintain inequality and the dominance of the ruling class.

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Comte proposed three functional theories that explained the functioning of society. These theories emphasized the importance of maintaining social order and stability. The three functional theories are the theological theory (1) which the dominant influence is religion, and society is held together by religious beliefs and institutions, the metaphysical theory (2) where abstract concepts, such as natural rights or justice, provide the basis for social cohesion and order, and the positive theory (3) where Comte believed that the positive or scientific stage represented the highest form of societal development. Society would be guided by scientific principles and empirical observation, leading to progress and social harmony.

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Signature Discoveries by Charles Horton Cooley

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Signature Discoveries by Charles Horton Cooley

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Cooley's discovery introduces the idea that individual identity and sense of meaning is shaped by social interactions and the reactions of other's to their own actions.

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1820 - 1903

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Victoria Fauth

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Tram Pham
Victoria Fauth
Hien Nguyen
Jodie Ramos
Zoharys Jaen
Shayla Trinh
Karyme Chavez
Brittany Dao
Tavian Dabbs

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Signature Discoveries by Herbert Spencer (April 27, 1820- December 8, 1903)

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Signature Discoveries by Herbert Spencer (April 27, 1820- December 8, 1903)

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Spencer is known for his discoveries in the principle of evolution. He was greatly influenced by Auguste Comte in applying the evolution theory to sociology. Spencer argued that human life was not only on a  continuum with, but was also a culmination of evolution. He believed that the human society reflects the same evolutionary principles as biological organisms do in their development. Spencer thought humans needed as few artificial restrictions as possible in order for humans to flourish and develop.

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Jodie Ramos

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Tram Pham, Hien Nguyen, Zoharys Jaen, Victoria Fauth, Tayvian, Shayla Trinh, Jodie Ramos, Kary Chavez, Britney Dao

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Karyme Chavez

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Tayvian Dabbs