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Formed in 1866 by twenty-some craft unions, the American Federation of Labor became the first federation of craft unions. The American Federation of Labor was significantly less politically focused than other unions at the time, focusing solely instead on economic gain. The union was well numbered, however, because of it's focus on craft and trade skills in an economy that was mostly focused on industrialization the American Federation of Labor never truly gained effective support for it's members.

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Scientific management is the application of the scientific method to a workplace in order to increase production. Scientific management analyzes the way people and technological systems work, identifying flaws and then improving upon them. This system was developed in the 1880s by Frederick Winslow Taylor (shown below), and it works by dividing production into short, repetitive tasks.

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The New Consumer Culture or New Modern Consumerism is the change from products only being available locally in small amounts to products being available worldwide in a much larger amount. This change occurred during the start of the Gilded Age, following a series of Industrial Revolutions that allowed for goods to be produced at a much higher rate by unskilled employees, and for goods to be shipped quickly to several different regions. This type of consumerism is the type we see everyday where grocery stores carry hundreds of different items and Amazon will deliver you just about anything.

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During the Progressive Era, the working class was essentially the poorest social class. Most of the working class contained factory workers following the Industrial Revolution, especially foreign Americans, who served as cooperate slaves to big American companies. These people worked excessively long hours in cramped spaces under unsafe conditions for little pay. Working-class men made up the majority of people who would fight for better working conditions and form labor unions.

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The Knights of Labor was a labor union formed during the Panic of 1873. Their main focus was on the working rights of women and children. The Knights of Labor quickly grew to become the most powerful and largest labor union in history. However, their success was short lived, as they were blamed for the bombing that occurred at The Haymarket Rally. Their influence and numbers dropped quickly after.

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The Panic of 1873 was a period of global economic depression following a collapse of several large bank reserves.