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(Researched by: Bustamante, Denise Amber) 

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Plastic Soup: An Atlas of Ocean Pollution

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Plastic Soup: An Atlas of Ocean Pollution

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URL: https://books.google.com.ph/books/about/Plastic_Soup.html?id=si2GDwAAQBAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y

TITLE: Plastic Soup: An Atlas of Ocean Pollution

AUTHOR: Michiel Roscam Abbing

DATE: April 4, 2019

KEY INFO: The book describes how plastic rubbish is now present on every continent. It brilliantly visualizes this challenge for readers via eye-catching photos and visuals. However, it also conveys a message of hope since, despite the problem's enormous scope, people should be committed to putting a stop to it. Plastic Soup features a wide range of initiatives to reduce plastic waste and increase awareness, including plastic-free grocery stores, cutting-edge legislation, and art exhibitions.

This book is related to our research topic in the sense that it shows that plastic garbage is present and a threat nowadays to our marine life and bodies of water. The pollution could be a by-product of the irregular and inconsistent conduction of coastal clean-up drives and the like.

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Plastics have transformed every aspect of our lives. Yet the very properties that make them attractive--they are cheap to make, light, and durable--spell disaster when trash makes its way into the environment. Plastic Soup: An Atlas of Ocean Pollution is a beautifully-illustrated survey of the plastics clogging our seas, their impacts on wildlife and people around the world, and inspirational initiatives designed to tackle the problem.

In Plastic Soup, Michiel Roscam Abbing of the Plastic Soup Foundation reveals the scope of the issue: plastic trash now lurks on every corner of the planet. With striking photography and graphics, Plastic Soup brings this challenge to brilliant life for readers. Yet it also sends a message of hope; although the scale of the problem is massive, so is the dedication of activists working to check it. Plastic Soup highlights a diverse array of projects to curb plastic waste and raise awareness, from plastic-free grocery stores to innovative laws and art installations.

According to some estimates, if we continue on our current path, the oceans will contain more plastic than fish by the year 2050. Created to inform and inspire readers, Plastic Soup is a critical tool in the fight to reverse this trend.

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Plastics have transformed every aspect of our lives. Yet the very properties that make them attractive--they are cheap to make, light, and durable--spell disaster when trash makes its way into the environment. Plastic Soup: An Atlas of Ocean Pollution is a beautifully-illustrated survey of the plastics clogging our seas, their impacts on wildlife and people around the world, and inspirational initiatives designed to tackle the problem.

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CONSERVE AND SUSTAINABLE USE THE OCEANS, SEAS, AND MARINE RESOURCES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

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By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans

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By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans

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(Researched by: Bustamante, Denise Amber)

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COASTAL CLEAN-UP OPERATION ENGAGES SUPPORT FROM LGUs FOR A POLLUTION-FREE ENVIRONMENT

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COASTAL CLEAN-UP OPERATION ENGAGES SUPPORT FROM LGUs FOR A POLLUTION-FREE ENVIRONMENT

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URL: https://r11.emb.gov.ph/coastal-clean-up-operation-engages-support-from-lgus-for-a-pollution-free-environment/

TITLE: COASTAL CLEAN-UP OPERATION ENGAGES SUPPORT FROM LGUs FOR A POLLUTION-FREE ENVIRONMENT

AUTHOR: Department of Environment and Natural Resources Region XI

DATE: October 19, 2020

KEY INFO: A clean-up drive was organized on the coasts of Davao Region, in place like Dawis, Dahican, Malalag, Lais, and Libiganon. This was done to aid with addressing the pressing issue of waste.

This article is related to our research because it tackles how clean-up drives are a big help to controlling the wastes that end up in our oceans, consequently conserving marine life.

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Coastal and Ocean Clean up Activities at Tunda Island to Support Local Awareness in Underwater Tourism Conservation 

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Coastal and Ocean Clean up Activities at Tunda Island to Support Local Awareness in Underwater Tourism Conservation 

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URL: https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/25894582.pdf

TITLE: Coastal and Ocean Clean up Activities at Tunda Island to Support Local Awareness in Underwater Tourism Conservation

AUTHOR: Yulia Lintangkawuryan, Sst.Par., M.Par

DATE: March 2018

KEY INFO: This research paper discusses the clean-up drive activity conducted by the researchers at Tunda Island as a direct solution to the existing litter problem in the area due to the increase in tourism. It is an effort to raise awareness and conserve the said island.

This is related to our research topic as it concerns the importance of clean-up drives in sustaining marine life. It correlates with our research topic, which discusses how not conducting clean-up drives threatens marine life. Although it does not have a Mindanao context, it is an important source where we can get a reliable idea of the result of conducting clean-up drives.

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More Plastic Than Fish by 2050 – IAEA Event Gathers Experts Working Together to Save Marine Environments from Plastic Pollution

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More Plastic Than Fish by 2050 – IAEA Event Gathers Experts Working Together to Save Marine Environments from Plastic Pollution

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URL: https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/more-plastic-than-fish-by-2050-iaea-event-gathers-experts-working-together-to-save-marine-environments-from-plastic-pollution#:~:text=from%20Plastic%20Pollution-,More%20Plastic%20Than%20Fish%20by%202050%20%E2%80%93%20IAEA%20Event%20Gathers%20Experts,Marine%20Environments%20from%20Plastic%20Pollution&text=Plastic%20pollution%20has%20become%20one,have%20more%20plastic%20than%20fish.

TITLE: More Plastic Than Fish by 2050 – IAEA Event Gathers Experts Working Together to Save Marine Environments from Plastic Pollution

AUTHOR: Sinead Harvey, IAEA Office of Public Information and Communication

DATE: September 28, 2022

KEY INFO: This news article tackles that plastic pollution has become one of the major global environmental challenges of the century; projections show that by 2050 the oceans may have more plastic than fish. Nuclear technology has emerged as one innovative solution to this growing problem.

This news is relevant to our study as it tackles the serious problem of plastic pollution in the ocean. That helps us realize the urgency of finding practical and functioning solutions to ease the problem.

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URL: https://www.cleanseas.org/?_ga=2.213597586.703359957.1675865483-1709059187.1675865483

TITLE: BEAT PLASTIC POLLUTION, MOVING TOWARDS ENDING PLASTIC POLLUTION

AUTHOR: cleanseas

DATE: September 17, 2021

KEY INFO: Through the Clean Seas platform, UNEP is connecting and rallying individuals, civil society groups, industry and governments for catalyzing change and transforming habits, practices, standards and policies around the globe to dramatically reduce marine litter and its negative impacts.

Since its launch in 2017, the campaign has become a catalyst for change, transforming habits, practices, standards and policies around the globe. To date, 69 countries have joined, making the Clean Seas Campaign the biggest, most powerful global coalition devoted to ending marine plastic pollution.

This promotional video is relevant to our research topic because it encourages people to conduct clean-up drives to preserve aquatic creatures.

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Cleanseas aims at rallying governments, companies and individuals in the fight against marine litter and pollution. Plastic pollution maybe a problem of our making but the solution lies in our hands.

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Philippines: Fish turn up dead due to polluted water

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Philippines: Fish turn up dead due to polluted water

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URL: https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/philippines/philippines-fish-turn-up-dead-due-to-polluted-water-1.67106023

TITLE: Philippines: Fish turn up dead due to polluted water

AUTHOR: Gilbert P. Felongco, Correspondent

DATE: October 13, 2019

KEY INFO: Local government workers gather dead fish killed by plastic pollution for disposal after being washed overnight along the coastline at the reclaimed 'Freedom Island' in suburban Las Pinas city South Manila, Philippines.

This information is relevant to our topic as it gives information about the effects of waste pollution on marine life. The waste pollution also shows the lack of proper waste disposal and cleaning. Hence, this leads us to the importance of clean-up drives as massive wastes cannot be just cleaned by few individuals all the time.

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Manila: Polluted water has been blamed for the massive fish kill that lined the shores of the cities of Las Pinas and Paranaque in Southern Metro Manila in recent days.

According to the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR), tests conducted on water samples collected from the two cities showed low amounts of dissolved oxygen and other imbalances.

"The water quality test conducted in three sampling areas by BFAR's National Fisheries Laboratory Division and BFAR 4A [Region 4A or the Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, Quezon corridor] shows poor levels of dissolved oxygen and higher levels of ammonia and phosphates than the standard level," BFAR said in a statement.

On October 9, residents were surprised to find thousands of dead fish washed up on the shores of Las Pinas' Long Island, and Paranaque's Freedom Island, which are marine protected areas.

Agriculture Secretary William Dar ordered BFAR on the following day to assess the water quality in the area. Authorities were also able to collect about two tonnes of dead fish from the shores of the two cities.

Reports said that among the fish species found washed up on the shores were asuhos (silago), kanduli (marine catfish), butete (blowfish), sapsap (ponyfish), tilapia and barracuda.

Based on assessments, there was an apparent depletion of dissolved oxygen in the collected water samples.

BFAR said that to be considered "normal," dissolved oxygen should be greater than five parts per million (ppm), but tests showed it was only 0.70 to 2 ppm.

The water samples also have high levels of ammonia at 3.59 ppm when the norm is less than .05 ppm.

Ammonia is a naturally occurring chemical given off by decomposing organic matter such as plants, animals and animal waste, however, in the case of the collected water samples, there are indications that these compound could have come from agricultural, domestic or industrial wastes.

Another element found in the tests is phosphates, which could come from raw domestic sewage, agricultural runoff or urban wastes.

Experts said it was likely that pollution, chemical, organic or otherwise that could be responsible for the fish kill.

While Las Pinas and Paranaque are among the most urbanised areas of Metro Manila, a considerable number of residents, particularly those living in coastal areas, rely on fishing for their livelihood.

The coastal waters of the two cities are also part of the Manila Bay.

It can be recalled that last year, President Rodrigo Duterte ordered the rehabilitation of the Manila Bay due to years of pollution and neglect.

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Philippines: Fish turn up dead due to polluted water

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Manila: Polluted water has been blamed for the massive fish kill that lined the shores of the cities of Las Pinas and Paranaque in Southern Metro Manila in recent days. According to the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR), tests conducted on water samples collected from the two cities showed low amounts of dissolved oxygen and other imbalances.

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URL:https://www2.upmin.edu.ph/index.php/news-sp-3476/madayaw-news/5494-coastal-cleanup-day-2022

TITLE: COASTAL CLEANUP DAY 2022

AUTHOR: Rene Estemera

DATE: September 21 2022

KEY INFO: The University of the Philippines Mindanao (UPMin) co-organized a  coastal cleanup with the Rizal Memorial College School of Law Paralegal Volunteers Organization at the Pawikan Sanctuary at Matina Aplaya, Davao City, on September 17, 2022, in line with the International Coastal Cleanup Day.

The relevance of this article is shown through UPMin's participation was coordinated by proponents of the UP Mindanao in-house project entitled "Determining spatial distribution of marine litter using drone captured images in selected Davao Oriental coastal areas: Application to assess spatial overlap between beached litter and marine turtle nesting sites,".

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The University of the Philippines Mindanao is committed to lead in providing affordable quality education, scholarly research, and responsive and relevant extension services to diverse, marginalized and deserving sectors in Mindanao and neighboring regions through its programs in the sciences and th…

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URL: https://asu.davaocity.gov.ph/?page_id=165

TITLE: INTERNATIONAL COASTAL CLEAN-UP DAY

AUTHOR: Ancillary Services Unit

DATE: September 2019

KEY INFO: Mayor Inday Sara signed Executive Order No. 41 to declare Saturday mornings as seacoast and riverbanks clean-up time, creating Bantay Dagat Protection and Conservation program.

The relevance of this article is justified by the statement of the Officer-in-Charge of the Ancillary Services Unit of the City Government of Davao, Mr. Bermejo that it was always the desire of Mayor Sara Duterte to make the city’s coastline and riverbanks free from scraps, solid and plastic wastes, industrial effluents, and other similar pollutants in order for the water bodies to be able to sustain life and maintain a balanced ecology.

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The Officer-in-Charge of the Ancillary Services Unit of the City Government of Davao, Mr. Paul Previldo E. Bermejo wishes to express his gratitude to all the Bantay Dagat Volunteers, the officers and men of all the coastal barangays of Davao City, the PNP, and other government and non-government organizations who joined and participated in the celebration of the International Coastal Clean-up Day last September 18.

Mr. Bermejo said it is always the desire of Mayor Sara Duterte to make the city's coastline and riverbanks free from scraps, solid and plastic wastes, industrial effluents, and other similar pollutants in order for the water bodies to be able to sustain life and maintain a balanced ecology.

Bermejo further said that in order to boost up the solid waste management program of the City, Mayor Inday Sara signed the Executive Order No. 41 series of 2017 declaring all Saturday mornings of every month as seacoast and riverbanks clean-up time in all pertinent barangays in the City of Davao and consequently created the Bantay Dagat Protection and Conservation program attached to the Ancillary Services Unit of the City Mayor's office.

Currently, the city is spending close to a million pesos each month providing livelihood to more than 300 strong Bantay Dagat volunteers belonging to the family of the fisher folks who agreed to render a clean-up drive every Saturday morning.

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The Officer-in-Charge of the Ancillary Services Unit of the City Government of Davao, Mr. Paul Previldo E. Bermejo wishes to express his gratitude to all the Bantay Dagat Volunteers, the officers and men of all the coastal barangays of Davao City, the PNP, and other government and non-government organizations who joined and participated in the celebration of the International Coastal Clean-up Day last September 18.

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(Researched by: Lapined, Francesca Nicole)

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REDUCING PLASTIC POLLUTION IN THE PHILIPPINES 

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REDUCING PLASTIC POLLUTION IN THE PHILIPPINES 

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URL: https://borgenproject.org/reducing-plastic-pollution-in-the-philippines/

TITLE: REDUCING PLASTIC POLLUTION IN THE PHILIPPINES

AUTHOR: Auren Sung

DATE: March 5, 2022

KEY INFO: Plastic links to poverty in a way where because of the global waste trade, all the trash and waste from developed countries then on proceed or is given to the not so developed or underdeveloped countries resulting in developed countries not having a pollution problem and underdeveloped countries having that problem because they don't have the means to recycle or dispose of the trash properly.

This is important to our research topic even if it does not have a Mindanao context because knowing that our country is a 3rd world country and is still trying to develop, there are other places in Mindanao that also aren't so developed, unlike Davao, so having this information we can expound more on how underdeveloped places in Mindanao also needs to be reviewed by a waste specialist.

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Although plastic consumption is higher in more developed countries like the United States, a 2021 report from Our World in Data states that roughly a third of all plastics in the ocean comes from the Philippines. Plastic floods the Philippines' beaches and rivers. Although people might associate this level of litter with overconsumption, plastic pollution in the Philippines is both the result and cause of poverty.

How Plastic Links to Poverty

Plastic and global poverty interlink in several ways. For one, the prevalence of plastic pollution and other waste in less developed countries is a direct consequence of the global waste trade as more developed countries "export" their waste to less developed countries that lack the means to properly recycle or otherwise dispose of it. The lack of sufficient waste management infrastructure in less developed countries hinders proper plastic disposal as mismanaged plastics move from population hubs into rivers and coastal ecosystems.

In the Philippines, discarding rather than recycling plastics leads to a loss of revenue of more than $890 million annually, which equates to "78% of the material value of the key plastic resins." Plastic pollution also worsens conditions for the world's impoverished. Consumption, inhalation and any other exposure to additives in most plastic can cause birth defects, disturb hormonal functions or lead to cancer, among other detrimental impacts.

Plastic pollution in the Philippines also threatens local economies, which are reliant on fishing, shipping and tourism. This pollution notably decreases overall biodiversity, interferes with shipping equipment and mars otherwise beautiful beaches and rivers.

NGOs Tackling Plastic Pollution in the Philippines

Despite the dire situation, several organizations are taking a stand against plastic pollution in the Philippines. These include the Plastic Bank, The Plastic Flamingo and the Blastik Project.

1. The Plastic Bank. This international organization promotes ethical recycling systems along coastlines and provides additional sources of revenue for those living in poverty. As of Jan. 26, 2022, the Plastic Bank recovered 41.64 kilograms of plastic, the equivalent of 91.8 pounds or roughly "2 billion single-use plastic bottles." The organization allows individuals to collect plastic waste in exchange for money, basic family necessities and access to social and training programs. A branch of the Plastic Bank centered in the Philippines has stated on Facebook that people from local communities can collect plastic waste in exchange "for bonuses that help to provide basic family necessities like groceries, school supplies for their children, digital connectivity, and more." By equipping individuals with these opportunities, the Plastic Bank gives them the tools necessary for greater economic mobility.

2. The Plastic Flamingo. This social enterprise spreads awareness of plastic pollution through webinars and educational campaigns and offers public drop-off points for plastic disposal. However, it primarily focuses on converting plastic waste into building materials. People throughout Manila can get rid of their plastic waste at collection sites for the organization to collect and recycle into "Eco-lumbers." Through its creation of Eco-lumbers and its participation in many construction projects, The Plastic Flamingo transforms a source of economic concern into a valuable, sustainable resource that people could use as humanitarian housing material alternatives. In 2021, the group notably made its first prototype of an "Eco-shelter" made entirely out of recycled products.

3. The Blastik Project. Similar to the Plastic Bank, the Blastik Project equips farmers to reduce plastic pollution in the Philippines and create a more circular economy. The project also educates local communities on the potential economic benefits of recycling. The organization also offers to teach Filipinos how to recycle plastic bottles and caps into home decor, wallets, tiles and more. This supplemental income could make a significant difference, especially for those struggling with poverty. People also use plastics as bottle planters in the organization's farms, which provides the project's contributors with organic food. As of November 2021, the Blastik Project recycled more than 17 tons of plastic waste.

Looking Ahead

Ultimately, pollution and poverty intertwine in a self-feeding cycle. It would be impossible to tackle one without tackling the other, especially because of the global waste trade, which forces less developed countries to bear the consequences of overconsumption in wealthier nations. However, a greater shift to recycling and sustainable development could turn the tide on plastic pollution in the Philippines.

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Reducing Plastic Pollution in the Philippines - The Borgen Project

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Although plastic consumption is higher in more developed countries like the United States, a 2021 report from Our World in Data states that roughly a third of all plastics in the ocean comes from the Philippines. Plastic floods the Philippines' beaches and rivers.

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(Researched by: Lapined, Francesca Nicole) 

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THINK ON THESE: Ending plastic pollution

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THINK ON THESE: Ending plastic pollution

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URL: https://edgedavao.net/vantage-points/2021/10/26/think-on-these-ending-plastic-pollution/

TITLE: THINK ON THESE: Ending Plastic Pollution

AUTHOR: Henrylito D. Tacio

DATE: October 26, 2021

KEY INFO: In the Philippines, the so-called "sachet economy" has contributed to the proliferation of single-use plastics. According to one research group, the Philippines discards 60 billion plastic sachets each year. That's about one sachet per person per day on a per capita basis.

This article is relevant because it also states how Filipinos generate 35,800 tons of garbage and that this has been an ongoing problem, the number of garbage we generate could have multiplied over the years and we need to put a stop to it.

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THINK ON THESE: Ending plastic pollution

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Plastic pollution in oceans and other bodies of water continues to grow sharply and could more than double by 2030, according to a new report released on October 21 by the United Nations Environmen…

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(Researched by: Lapined, Francesca Nicole)

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Opening Remarks by Agata E. Pawlowska at the Marine Plastics Conference in the Philippines

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Opening Remarks by Agata E. Pawlowska at the Marine Plastics Conference in the Philippines

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URL: https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/speech/2019/04/04/opening-remarks-by-agata-e-pawlowska-at-the-marine-plastics-conference-in-the-philippines

TITLE: Opening Remarks by Agata E. Pawlowska at the Marine Plastics Conference in the Philippines

AUTHOR: Agata E. Pawlowska

DATA: April 4, 2019

KEY INFO: Agata talks about how the Philippines is thought to have the third-highest global rate of improperly managed plastic garbage. Among the water bodies around the world that require repair the most quickly are the Pasig River and Manila Bay. Among the many effects of marine plastic pollution are those on the economy, water safety, food security, and environment, to name a few. Take the Metro Manila area as an example, which is badly affected by rising flooding hazards as a result of waste being dumped in drainage and rivers and becoming clogged, we should take this example as a perspective in which we don’t want this happening in mindanao thus this talk can provide us realizations where we can find ways to keep this from happening in mindanao.

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Short documentary "First LDI waste cleanup action in the Philippines"

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Short documentary "First LDI waste cleanup action in the Philippines"

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URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RYVHO9GZkYw

TITLE: Short documentary "First LDI waste cleanup action in the Philippines"

AUTHOR: World Cleanup Day

DATE: September 5, 2016

KEY INFO: The first ever "Let's Do It! Philippines" was conducted to mobilize citizens to clean up the country. Its objective was to get people more involved in cleaning the environment. According to them, this program is creative and long-term. The process started with gathering volunteers, giving seminars then starting the clean-up drive. Around 28,000 people participated in this campaign at Negros Occidental. As waste is not something that can be completely removed and is forever coming, the aim of this was to instill a perspective in the participants on the importance of managing waste.

Although it has no direct relation to Mindanao, it is still helpful in the research topic as it discusses the importance of clean-up drives and their impact on waste pollution. The documentary also showed us the problem of waste pollution, giving us a sense of urgency in solving this problem. All of these are helpful in our research topic.

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Short documentary "First LDI waste cleanup action in the Philippines"

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(Researched by: Bustamante, Denise Amber)

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UN, European Union and Smurfs team up for global beach clean-up campaign in support of Sustainable Development Goals

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UN, European Union and Smurfs team up for global beach clean-up campaign in support of Sustainable Development Goals

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URL: https://youtu.be/-ShSci52lj8

TITLE: UN, European Union and Smurfs team up for global beach clean-up campaign in support of Sustainable Development Goals

DATE: September 19, 2019

AUTHOR: United Nations Regional Information Centre for Western Europe

KEY INFO: The #EUBeachCleanUp campaign, which encourages people all over the world to take part in local coastal clean-up efforts, has been launched by the United Nations, the European Union, and the Smurfs, who are the ambassadors for the 2030 Agenda and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals. The campaign aims to raise awareness of the marine litter challenge.

This video segment is connected to our research topic in the sense that it raises awareness of the pollution of oceans in the prevention of its threat to marine life.

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United Nations Regional Information Centre for Western Europe

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Biggest climate action ever in Ostend kicks off UN & EU Beach Cleanup campaign in Belgium

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(Researched by: Bustamante, Denise Amber)

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URL: https://www.ateneo.edu/news/2022/07/18/face-plastic#:~:text=Meanwhile%2C

TITLE: The Face of Plastic

AUTHOR: Stanley Guevarra

DATE: July 18 2022

KEY INFO: Because there will likely always be a demand for and the supply of plastic, businesses and individuals will soon start recycling plastic. Despite the concept's appeal, it fails to live up to expectations. Consequently, only 9% of countries in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Globally, plastic is recycled; the remaining amount is burned, dumped in landfills, or unsuitably disposed of. Just 2% of this 9% gets recycled effectively, whereas the remainder is downcycled before becoming plastic waste. The Philippine Islands are the
The world's third-largest producer of plastic waste, producing approximately 0.75 metric tons of plastic waste enter the ocean annually.

This is connected to our research topic because this is data wherein how much plastic actually gets recycled effectively despite the fact that nowadays, most plastics are recyclable. Since our topic discusses all how the irregularity of clean up drives threaten marine life, this data could be basis upon how much plastic goes into our ocean per year, how much waste affects our sea creatures each coming year, and how much of the trash we make gets recycled before it ends up in our oceans.

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The Face of Plastic | Ateneo de Manila University

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We have come to the point where plastics have become ubiquitous in our daily lives.

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(Researched by: Abillero, Nikki Loraine)

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URL: https://dribbble.com/shots/10479946-Plastic-in-our-oceans-poster-1

TITLE:  Plastic in our ocean

AUTHOR: Birgitte M. R. Johnsen

DATE: Oct 20, 2015

KEY INFO: This provided us with information about the mortality of marine animals due to waste pollution and how 3R's (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle) can help us solve this problem.

This is relevant to our research topic as it gave information about the negative effects of waste in the Philippines. It is not directly related to Mindanao, but it is still a piece of crucial information about the threat to marine creatures.

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Plastic in our oceans, poster 1 designed by Birgitte M. R. Johnsen. Connect with them on Dribbble; the global community for designers and creative professionals.

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(Researched by: Abillero, Nikki Loraine)

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URL: https://www.facebook.com/boomslang3rdcoy/posts/pfbid0UYd9rfm3TcfE548Js8pH7WXR5zMM5cjsg9wqYwDqjZdfrq2iHtWAH953jSzzjWJ6l

TITLE: Coastal Clean-Up Activity

AUTHOR: 3rd RMFC "Boomslang" RMFB BASULTA

DATE: February 2, 2023

KEY INFO:  A coastal clean-up was conducted in Lamitan City, Basilan, to alleviate the problem of ocean debris and the dangers that plastic pollution poses to marine life.

This post is relevant to our research topic as it shows the importance of clean-up drives in sustaining and protecting the marine life.

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COASTAL CLEAN-UP ACTIVITY

Thousands of marine animals worldwide including sea turtles, seabirds, and marine mammas have been affected by plastic pollution. Therefore, coastal clean-ups are vital to...

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(Researched by: Abillero, Nikki Loraine)

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 The Marina Life Podcast - Reducing Plastic Waste

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 The Marina Life Podcast - Reducing Plastic Waste

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URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWP27Z4AXLo

TITLE: The Marina Life Podcast - Reducing Plastic Waste

AUTHOR: MDL Marinas

DATE: June 14, 2022

KEY INFO: The podcast talked about marine and the marine environment. The host was joined by guests to discuss the trending topics about marine life. Topics discussed involved plastic reduction, segregation of wastes, recycling wastes, cleaner marinas, and the like.

This information is relevant to our research topic as it talks about the marine environment and what we could do to maintain it. As discussed, plastic reduction is necessary in maintaining healthy marine environment. Even though it is not directly related to Mindanao, it is somehow relevant in existing issues within the region.

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This Marina Life Podcast - Reducing Plastic Waste

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URL: https://www.boredpanda.com/illustrations-problems-afflicting-the-world-daniel-garcia/?media_id=1868146&utm_source=com&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=organic

TITLE: Clean The Planet

AUTHOR: Danielle Garcia

DATE: 2019

KEY INFO: As we can see, only one person on one side of the globe was cleaning, and the opposite side of the globe is deteriorating due to waste. Hence, this art can be interpreted as the problem in the lack of cleaning our environment.

This is helpful in understanding the effects of the lack of clean-up drive operations. It shows us the reality of how our world is in ruins and actions are to be taken. This is related to our research topic, which tackles how irregularity in clean-up drives affect the marine life.

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URL: https://www.solerarpa.com/evolucion-toxica/

TITLE: TOXIC EVOLUTION, 2011

AUTHOR: Alvaro Soler-Arpa

DATE: 2013

KEY INFO: Toxic Evolution consists of pieces that make up a fictitious animal facility. They are mainly made up of three materials: bones of different animals, wire, and plastic waste.

Even though these visual arts are not Mindanao based, they are still relevant to our topic because water pollution is also prevalent in Mindanao. Through these visual arts, people can reflect and become more aware of the harsh consequences of water pollution, and its effects on humanity and the environment. This is an important issue that must be addressed in order to protect people's and the environment's well-being. And to further enlighten those unaware of water pollution and its consequences.

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¿Qué es "tiempo geológico"? Tiempo geológico es el término que se aplica para denominar a los inmensos periodos de tiempo que ha necesitado la tierra y la vida para evolucionar y transformarse. De ese modo hablamos de miles de millones de años para explicar los cambios en nuestro planeta.

Sabemos que la vida tiene increíbles recursos a la hora de perpetuarse en el tiempo. Su herramienta se llama evolución. Los factores que condicionan la evolución son tales como la selección natural, la deriva genética, la mutación y la migración o flujo genético. Pero ante todo sabemos que la evolución requiere de tiempo, más concretamente tiempo geológico.

"Evolución Tóxica" es el título de mi nueva obra en curso. En ella centro mi esfuerzo en la creación de un animalario ficticio, en inventar seres imaginarios.

El inventar animales no es nada nuevo, la mitología griega es una de las primeras muestras en esta línea (minotauro, grifo, fauno...) también lo son los dragones de la edad media y los fantásticos seres de los relatos populares de la cultura Nórdica. Sin ir más lejos tenemos una muestra genial en la obra del artista Joan Foncuberta y sus trabajos en "Herbarium" y "Fauna" en la década de los 80, donde según sus palabras "vagabundea en los confines de la realidad y la ficción" sin dejar de lado el humor. También hay que mencionar el fantástico libro de Javier Sáez Castán y Miguel Murugarren "Animalario universal del Profesor Revillod" donde puedes componer animales increíbles jugando con el orden de las hojas, o en el célebre libro de Borges "Manual de zoología fantástica".

En mi caso, utilizo esta idea para explicar y criticar una realidad. Mis animales no son simple fruto de un capricho creativo. En "evolución tóxica" evoco a la lucha entre la naturaleza y los modernos agentes tóxicos artificiales que provienen de los desperdicios humanos. Centro mi interés en los seres vertebrados y en cuál será su respuesta evolutiva ante un medio cambiante, infectado de sustancias que les afectan de manera impredecible. Elementos artificiales que catalizan cambios en su organismo en periodos muy cortos de tiempo y su batalla contrarreloj para adaptarse.

Estos animales (quizás ubicados en un futuro próximo) jugarán a estar en un término medio entre lo posible y lo imposible, lo real y lo imaginario, lo grácil y lo tortuoso. Su extraña morfología es fruto de la contaminación que les causa incontrolables mutaciones genéticas. Son en definitiva víctimas ficticias del capricho e irresponsabilidad del hombre moderno, como es el caso real de tantas especies en peligro hoy en día.

La radioactividad provoca en sus pelajes hermosas iridiscencias, la transgénesis los dota de extremidades de elegante extravagancia. En ese futuro no muy lejano, extraños peces con alto contenido en mercurio nadarán en ríos y mares, animales de un tercer sexo engendrarán de una manera original. Elefantes con plumas, ovejas bípedas, reptiles peludos, anfibios rumiantes, lagartijas bicéfalas y topos con ojos luminosos....

Quiero remarcar que hay en la evolución biológica y natural de los animales una elegancia intrínseca. Se puede apreciar en la eficacia de los cuerpos, en sus movimientos... basta con ver galopar a un caballo, o el salto de la liebre o la estructura y diseño del plumaje de las aves. Esa gracilidad es un elemento al que pretendo dar importancia en la representación de mi animalario en "Evolución tóxica". Estas bestias también serán elegantes a pesar de sus taras biológicas. Habrán conseguido erguirse y caminar. Intentarán ser creíbles en su capacidad de movimiento. Puede que incluso su componente tóxico los dote de una espectacularidad artificial de difícil gestión, traspasando los límites de lo "habitual"...

En cuanto a la forma, pretendo centrarme en la anatomía de dichas bestias y en jugar a hacerlas totalmente creíbles. Para ello estoy utilizando lo que yo llamo "un falso formato científico". He dedicado los últimos 3 años a recolectar huesos de todo tipo y de todo tipo de animal. Tengo en mi haber huesos de toro, vaca, caballo, jabalí, buitre, búfalo africano, antílope, elefante, avestruz y cordero entre otros.

Para conseguir la materia prima de mi nueva colección he tenido que desenterrar animales muertos o recolectar huesos de cadáveres en los lugares más inhóspitos, así como aprender las técnicas básicas de taxidermia para desprender la carne del hueso y limpiar éstos de impurezas. La colección se asemejará a una muestra científica de paleontología o zoología.

Un mar de desperdicios quizás proyectados en paredes o reproducidos físicamente en el espacio expositivo entrará en conflicto con los animales y nos ayudará a comprender la intención de la exposición.

Estos animales que construyo son seres averiados, degenerados, carentes de lógica y sobre todo infelices desconocedores de su suerte y de su incierto futuro, pero que luchan de manera auténtica por seguir viviendo, como lo hacen todos los animales que habitan en nuestro planeta. Podrán parecer elegantes, pero difícilmente serán sanos y duraderos... Tienen las taras lógicas de no provenir del curso natural de la evolución sino del capricho del hombre... Y aquí planteo la pregunta que resume la intención de mi trabajo:

¿Puede la vida evolucionar sin tiempo geológico? ¿Será la naturaleza tal como la conocemos capaz de tratar con todos los desperdicios que vertimos o sucumbirá a los desastres medioambientales? La respuesta está contenida en una palabra: "EVOLUCION"

Este ejercicio creativo surge de una sensación creciente que tengo de suciedad, toxicidad, enfermedad y tumor que me afecta a mí como ser humano y la naturaleza en general y que procede del hombre. Mercurio, cáncer, mutación, ácidos, baterías, transgénicos, petróleo, deformación, asfalto, sociedad de consumo, radioactividad, cambio climático, plástico, polución, CFC.... son los conceptos creadores de estos seres."Para mediados de noviembre espero tener listas las primeras muestras de la obra.

Una triste y delirante selección de prototipos transgénicos. Ingenios de una naturaleza tóxica evocados al fracaso. Infelices seres que brillan con grande y efímera intensidad. Precoces reliquias evolutivas condenadas a extinguirse. Y así andarán como reyes resplandecientes entre bolsas de basura...

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Evolución tóxica consiste en un conjunto de piezas que configuran un animalario ficticio. Se componen principalmente de tres materiales: huesos de distintos animales, alambre y desperdicios plásticos. El proyecto pretende ser una crítica a la potencia contaminadora del hombre. A la vez es un canto a la naturaleza en su persistente intento para...

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Plastic Smart Cities Video Series: Davao City

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Plastic Smart Cities Video Series: Davao City

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URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6OUN1XA7pIc

TITLE: Plastic Smart Cities Video Series: Davao City

AUTHOR: WWF-Philippines

DATE: Jan 24, 2022

KEY INFO: PSC Davao City converges the initiatives of different partners from different sectors to address the plastic pollution in the City.

This vlog is relevant because the shores in the coastal areas were affected by plastic pollution. LikhaNegosyo tells the story of a youth group based in Barangay 23-C. They started an initiative to address the community’s plastic waste, hoping that these plastics will not end up in the environment and can be given another chance to be used.

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Plastic Smart Cities Video Series: Davao City

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(Researched by: Lapined, Francesca Nicole)

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Philippine coastal town leads war against plastic trash in Mindanao

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Philippine coastal town leads war against plastic trash in Mindanao

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URL: https://news.mongabay.com/2019/12/philippine-coastal-town-leads-war-against-plastic-trash-in-mindanao/

TITLE: Philippine coastal town leads war against plastic trash in  Mindanao

AUTHOR: Bong S. Sarmiento

DATE: December 19, 2019

KEY INFO:
A fisherman found an endangered green turtle floating weakly in the Davao Gulf. The turtle was then on given to the Wild life experts where they discovered that it’s cause of death was the large amount of plastic in its stomach.

This is a very crucial in the research topic because the news report gives us a clearer and factual view that plastic wastes are threatening our marine life.

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Philippine coastal town leads war against plastic trash in Mindanao

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DAVAO, Philippines - On August 4, 2018, a fisherman found an endangered green turtle (Chelonia mydas) floating weakly in the Davao Gulf, a diverse marine ecosystem and rich fishing ground spanning 308,000 hectares in the southern Mindanao region. The fisherman brought the stranded juvenile female green turtle ashore where it breathed more easily after a plastic food [...]