# data[].attributes.headline
BPS Research Digest: Scientists discover seven types of tension found in psychological conditions

# data[].attributes.subject
BPS Research Digest: Scientists discover seven types of tension found in psychological conditions

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Scientists discover seven types of tension found in psychological conditions | BPS

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A recent research paper untangles several different types of hyper-arousal, linking patterns of each to various mental health conditions.

# data[].attributes.headline
BPS Research Digest: Virtual therapy by video performs similarly to face-to-face sessions

# data[].attributes.subject
BPS Research Digest: Virtual therapy by video performs similarly to face-to-face sessions

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Virtual therapy by video performs similarly to face-to-face sessions | BPS

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
… but conducting sessions by phone may strain the therapeutic relationship, according to new research.

# data[].attributes.headline
BPS Research Digest: Autism sex bias falls as age at diagnosis rises

# data[].attributes.subject
BPS Research Digest: Autism sex bias falls as age at diagnosis rises

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Autism sex bias falls as age at diagnosis rises | BPS

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
New study finds that the difference in diagnoses rates between males and females narrows with age.

# data[].attributes.headline
BPS Research Digest: New students have a whole lot of misconceptions about psychology

# data[].attributes.subject
BPS Research Digest: New students have a whole lot of misconceptions about psychology

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
New students have a whole lot of misconceptions about psychology | BPS

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Recent research from the US finds new starters in the discipline endorse a surprisingly high number of misconceptions and myths.

# data[].attributes.headline
New Scientist: Psychedelics may be no better than antidepressants for depression

# data[].attributes.subject
New Scientist: Psychedelics may be no better than antidepressants for depression

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Psychedelics may be no better than antidepressants for depression

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Drugs like psilocybin that induce psychedelic effects have shown promise for treating depression. Now, a review of the evidence suggests that they are effective, but no more so than traditional antidepressants

# data[].attributes.headline
BPS Research Digest: Autistic and allistic faces may speak different emotional languages

# data[].attributes.subject
BPS Research Digest: Autistic and allistic faces may speak different emotional languages

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Autistic and allistic faces may speak different emotional languages | BPS

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
New research using face tracking tech charts differences in emotional expressions.

# data[].attributes.headline
BPS Research Digest: Does what you know affect what you see?

# data[].attributes.subject
BPS Research Digest: Does what you know affect what you see?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Does what you know affect what you see? | BPS

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A new paper adds fuel to a long-standing debate.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
PsychCrunch is the podcast from the British Psychological Society's Research Digest, sponsored by Routledge Psychology. Each episode we explore whether the findings from psychological science can make a difference in real life. Just how should we live, according to psychology? We speak to psychologists about their research and whether they apply what they've discovered in their own lives.

Routledge Psychology is part of the Taylor & Francis Group, and publishing partner for the BPS Core Textbooks Series. Browse over 5 million articles at www.tandfonline.com, and related books at www.routledge.com.

Check out our latest episode, number 34, on the psychology of making new friends:

Despite it being easier than ever to communicate, so many of us find it challenging to make new friends - especially as we get older. Opening up conversations with strangers can leave us feeling like a bother, and fizzle into nothing more than a one-off interaction. The loneliness this can create isn't just a passing sting, it can have ongoing impacts to both our mental and physical health. So, just how do we make friends as adults?

To get to the bottom of this problem, Ginny Smith speaks with our expert guests Dr. Marissa G. Franco (Professor, speaker, and the New York Times bestselling author of Platonic) and Dr Gillian Sandstrom (Senior Lecturer in the psychology of kindness at the University of Sussex). Together, they give their insights on why so many of us run into problems expanding our social circle, and share some practical advice on how to make more connections.

Find all our past episodes below:

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
PsychCrunch is the podcast from the British Psychological Society's Research Digest, sponsored by Routledge Psychology. Each episode we explore whether the findings from psychological science can make a difference in real life. Just how should we live, according to psychology? We speak to psychologists about their research and whether they apply what they've discovered in their own lives.

# data[].attributes.headline
BPS Research Digest: brain changes across four common mental health diagnoses look "strikingly similar"

# data[].attributes.subject
BPS Research Digest: brain changes across four common mental health diagnoses look "strikingly similar"

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Brain changes across four common mental health diagnoses look “strikingly similar” | BPS

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
… according to a massive new study which examined the brain structure of almost 9000 children and young people.

# data[].attributes.headline
BPS Research Digest: acute and chronic depression appear differently in the brain

# data[].attributes.subject
BPS Research Digest: acute and chronic depression appear differently in the brain

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Acute and chronic depression appear differently in the brain | BPS

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
New research finds differences in inflammation and microstructure in a mood-, motivation-, and reward-related brain region between acute and chronically depressed people.

# data[].attributes.headline
BPS Research Digest: half of those arrested in London may have undiagnosed ADHD

# data[].attributes.subject
BPS Research Digest: half of those arrested in London may have undiagnosed ADHD

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Half of those arrested in London may have undiagnosed ADHD | BPS

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
New research finds that those with ADHD are overrepresented in London arrests, suggesting need for additional targeted support.

# data[].attributes.body
A popular science magazine that often has psychology-related articles. You can access online via the Sora app - see the librarians for help if you have any issues.

# data[].attributes.body
The A level review magazines are targeted at you with topical articles and cutting-edge research to deepen subject knowledge and develop independent learning skills - plus expert exam advice tailored to the latest specifications. Hard copies can be found in the library or you can access via the link.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Give your students the edge with Review Magazines from Hodder Education. Choose from print or eMagazines for A-level and GCSE students.

# data[].attributes.body
Mental Muscle tackles the science behind the sport. Join Julia Ravey as she takes an in-depth look.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
BBC Radio Cambridgeshire - Mental Muscle - Downloads

# data[].attributes.body
The BPS produce a digest which is useful for keeping up-to-date with recent research. You can sign up for a weekly email.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The British Psychological Society’s Research Digest | BPS

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The latest peer-reviewed research, digested, by a team of writers with a Psychology background.

# data[].attributes.body
A BBC Radio 4 series exploring the development of psychology during the 20th century. Each episode focuses on an influential psychologist or case.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Series exploring the development of the science of psychology during the 20th century

# data[].attributes.headline
The Psychologist: Five ways 'honest' placebos can help

# data[].attributes.subject
The Psychologist: Five ways 'honest' placebos can help

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Five ways ‘honest’ placebos can help | BPS

# data[].attributes.headline
The Psychologist: Dispelling myths about randomisation

# data[].attributes.subject
The Psychologist: Dispelling myths about randomisation

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Dispelling myths about randomisation | BPS

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Marcus Munafò explores randomisation processes.

# data[].attributes.headline
The Psychologist: Should psychologists embrace AI-powered hypothesis generation?

# data[].attributes.subject
The Psychologist: Should psychologists embrace AI-powered hypothesis generation?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Should psychologists embrace AI-powered hypothesis generation? | BPS

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Emma Young on recent papers and commentaries.

# data[].attributes.headline
BPS Research Digest: are participants more likely to obey if they believe it is for 'hard' science?

# data[].attributes.subject
BPS Research Digest: are participants more likely to obey if they believe it is for 'hard' science?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Recent re-examinations of Stanley Milgram's classic studies into how far people will go when instructed to harm another person have led to a shift in ideas about the reasons for the results. Rather than being related to 'obedience to authority', it's been suggested that a participant's level of identification with the scientific cause in question could explain how willing they are to continue with a task that they believe is hurting someone else.

If true, this 'engaged followership' theory would mean that scientific research has a potential dark side - the more that a participant believes that the work is important, the more willing they are to obey potentially harmful instructions. A recent paper in the British Journal of Social Psychology now provides evidence in support of this.

Megan E. Birney at Staffordshire University and colleagues ran a series of studies to explore whether people who were told they were taking part in a 'hard' science experiment - purportedly run by a team of neuroscientists - would go further in a task that became increasingly unpleasant than participants who'd been told that the study was being run by a 'soft' social science team.

In fact, the task was the same in both cases: participants were shown a series of 30 photos of groups of people and had to pick a word from a list of negative adjectives to describe each one. These words included: deceitful, stupid, arrogant, and lazy. In the beginning, the photographs were of clearly unpleasant people - such as members of the Ku Klux Klan - but, as the task progressed, the people depicted became progressively less offensive and more pleasant, culminating in a family walking in a park. Participants didn't have to complete the full task, however. An earlier pilot study had confirmed that people found the task increasingly aversive, and the participants were allowed to stop whenever they wanted.

Earlier work has found that people tend to regard neuroscience as being more scientific, and take it more seriously than social science. (The team notes that psychological research that is described with neuroscientific terms tends to be judged more favourably, even when those terms are completely irrelevant to the actual research.) So the team suspected that when the task was presented as being run by neuroscientists, participants would work their way through more photographs than when it was presented as being run by social scientists.

Across two studies, this is precisely what they found, with the participants also reporting that they considered neuroscience 'more important' than social science. This provides evidence that neuroscience, compared with social science, evoked more followership, the team writes. A third study did not find these results. However, because this third study was run eight months into the Covid-19 pandemic, the team suspects that these participants may have placed a higher value on social science than the earlier groups did. They both rated social science as being as important as neuroscience, and went as far in the task for social scientists as for neuroscientists.

In a fourth study using the same photo task, the team also explored how participants' perceptions of the seriousness of a scientific discipline related to other attitudes towards the researchers and the study. They found that those who perceived the study to be more serious also had more trust in the researchers, found the study more worthwhile, disliked the task less, and were happier to have taken part. They also felt they had made a wider contribution to society by participating, and completed more trials than those who didn't take the study seriously.

"Together, these results provide support for a core tenet of the 'engaged followership model of obedience'," write the researchers. "Namely, that people's willingness to follow the instructions of an authority figure even when they find the task aversive is influenced by their beliefs about the cause they are supposedly advancing."

In this particular study, the participants weren't asked to harm anyone else, and there are some limitations to the conclusions that can be drawn - especially as the third study did not get the same results as the first two. But the results do support the idea that the more that people believe that a cause - in this case, science - is worthy, the more willing they are to put any concerns aside.

Read the paper in full: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12603

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Participants go further for 'hard' science studies | BPS

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
New research suggests participants are more willing to obey toxic instructions from teams they see as performing 'hard' science.

# data[].attributes.headline
BPS Research Digest: unconscious exposure therapy for phobias

# data[].attributes.subject
BPS Research Digest: unconscious exposure therapy for phobias

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Phobias are among the most common psychological disorders, and are the most common anxiety disorder. An estimated 6% of the population suffer from full-blown arachnophobia, for example, while around 1 in 10 people in the UK are affected by claustrophobia at some point in their lives.

The standard treatment for phobias is 'exposure therapy'. For someone with a phobia of spiders, that could mean encouraging them to look at pictures of spiders, encounter virtual reality spiders, and ultimately even hold a spider - all in a safe setting. The aim is to help them to confront and overcome their fears, lessening their severity along the way.

There is abundant evidence that exposure therapy does work. But it is distressing, and this means that most people with phobias are reluctant to start therapy, or, if they do, they often drop out. A new paper in the Psychological Bulletin concludes, however, that unconscious exposure therapy - in which the person isn't even aware that they are being exposed to the object of their phobia, and so which does not stress them out - can be remarkably effective.

Paul Siegel at the State University of New York and Bradley S. Peterson at the University of Southern California conducted an exhaustive meta-analysis of findings from 39 studies that used an unconscious exposure intervention.

The interventions were not identical. In fact, the researchers identified 10 different approaches. In the 'very brief exposure' paradigm, for example, sufferers receive a series of 'microexposures' to images of their feared object (such as a spider), with each image immediately followed with another, benign image, to help to prevent it from being consciously recognised.

Another intervention, called 'spiderless arachnophobia therapy' takes a different approach. It involves showing people images of objects that resemble spiders, but which they don't consciously appreciate are spider-like - such as a camera tripod with its legs bent to resemble spiders' legs. Though the images themselves are consciously seen, this intervention relies on unconscious processing.

Overall, 38 or the 39 studies found that the intervention made a difference. Based on their analysis, Siegel and Peterson conclude that there is "ample evidence" that unconscious approaches work to reduce fear responses - even in highly phobic participants - and that they do this without inducing feelings of fear. Though the effect sizes on behaviour (willingness to approach a live spider, for example) were not quite as large as those found for standard exposure therapy for specific phobias, they were still "mostly large", the pair reports.

It's also worth noting that the vast majority of these unconscious exposure studies consisted of only a single 'treatment' session, whereas standard exposure therapy is often conducted over multiple sessions. Perhaps, then, a series of unconscious treatments may be even more effective, but further work is needed to explore this.

Based in part on brain scan data from some of these studies, the researchers think that the reason unconscious therapy can work is that our brains react both unconsciously and, separately, via different pathways, also consciously to scary things. They think that when someone with a spider phobia is repeatedly unconsciously exposed to a picture of a spider, their amygdala, which detects threats, is activated, but they don't go on to experience a racing heart or sweaty palms - or feel fear. With repeated 'training', this "likely revises the memory representation of phobic stimulus", the pair writes - so that their brain learns that this object should not trigger fear. "In essence, we are arguing that unconscious experience reduces fear by preventing fear itself," the researchers write.

Exactly which brain regions play a role in unconscious exposure therapy is not yet well understood. Neither is it clear yet which types of unconscious phobia intervention may be the most effective. But, given that specific phobias are so common, and that research shows that they often precede the development of other types of anxiety disorders, the pair argues that further research into unconscious approaches is now needed. They add that in theory, it's possible that the approach may also help people with some other anxiety disorders, such as PTSD.

"Psychologists have long maintained that feared objects and situations must be directly confronted to reduce fear of them," Siegel and Peterson write. "The findings of this review call this long-standing belief into question and suggest that a new generation of exposure therapies that reduce fear via unconscious processing is on the horizon."

However, since the unconscious and conscious memory systems that underlie fear-related learning are not completely independent, they think that the ultimate phobia treatment will probably target both systems. First, an unconscious treatment might make someone with a spider phobia, say, less terrified of spiders. This could then make it less stressful for them to embark on standard exposure therapy, in which the conscious, cognitive processes of phobic beliefs and subjective fear are tackled.

Read the paper in full:
Siegel, P., & Peterson, B. S. (2024). "All we have to fear is fear itself": Paradigms for reducing fear by preventing awareness of it. Psychological Bulletin, 150(9), 1118-1154. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000437

Want the latest in psychological research, straight to your inbox?
Sign up to Research Digest's free weekly newsletter.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Could exposure therapy, without conscious exposure, actually work? | BPS

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
New meta-analysis suggests that unconscious exposure therapy is surprisingly effective.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Is it time to think differently about how we can develop a deeper comprehension of the complexities of living life locked up? Here are eight psychological findings from studies behind bars...

Focus on poverty's role in the pathway to prison

'Lower-class people are enormously over-represented in prison', states Fathali M. Moghaddam, professor of psychology at Georgetown University. By focusing on personality traits, neurocognitive characteristics and other individual-level features of prisoners, he argues that mainstream psychology has got it wrong . 'It's a causal-reductionist approach', says Moghaddam, 'and it assumes that , who are psychologically , would not behave like . The pathway to prison often begins with failing schools in poverty-stricken neighbourhoods, contributing to the school-to-prison pipeline.From this perspective, the psychology of the criminal justice system is the psychology of how the poor of all ethnic groups and genders are victimized by the 'justice system' to serve time in prisons.' Moghaddam also stresses that this cycle continues after prisoners have been released because they are disadvantaged when it comes to finding employment and housing, and are less likely to be civically engaged, which then increases the probability that they will return to prison in the future.

Understand why change for prisoners can be more challenging

Although we can all appreciate and understand that change must engage a person's senses of identity, meaning and control , what prisoners need is an understanding of the role a prison environment needs to play in supporting change. Dr Adrian Needs has worked as a psychologist in high security prisons for over 14 years and focuses on what is needed to support a prisoner to make positive changes in their lives. He argues that even if a prisoner to change, if the environment isn't supportive of that change, then it may never happen. 'Offenders need extra support because they have often experienced adverse childhood experiences,' says Needs. 'As neglect and abuse may well have featured in their childhoods, prisoners often find themselves in a 'survival of the fittest' culture in prison. One of the most striking findings in my work, is that quite often a prisoner hasn't developed a coherent and consistent sense of self. Get enough individuals like that in an environment and they create that environment in their own image. Coming from a background typified with anxious attachment, if you put them in a place where their caregivers are erratic or unresponsive, that can only resonate and jangle with early experiences and perhaps trigger the 'couldn't care, I'm self-reliant, sod everyone else perspective of avoidant attached people.'

Support those who support prisoners

One solution to supporting change in offenders? Supporting those who oversee the offenders. Needs stresses that it's vital to monitor morale amongst prison officers as they are one of the most important factors when it comes to rehabilitation in prisons. Problems will be heightened, says Needs, 'If a prisoner comes from a classroom straight back to a prison where somebody undermines or even contradicts what they've just been hearing about, [and] they're given any opportunities to take responsibility and make choices.

Needs points out that there is a real benefit to encouraging staff to support prisoners during routine interactions, (with problem solving or seeing other people's points of view for example). However, he points out that this approach is often inconsistent simply because staff aren't allocated sufficient time to put effort into doing this, and also that prisoner officers may be lacking in good leadership. 'When I meet some new officers who say, 'I came into the service to make a difference in a person's life, but now all I do is turn keys, or I look at how many prison officers leave the service, it's heartbreaking. If an environment is hostile, you might see some fantastic officers with a real heart for the work and yet their hope erodes. They don't have that level of investment or care from the top.'

Boost community and connectedness in rehabilitation

As Needs also points out, 'if you have grown up with a dog-eat-dog mentality, it can set the tone of prison establishment for prisoners and ex-prisoners who may have never learned that there is such a thing as safety and connectedness'.

Have the conversations we are most frightened of

Recognise the therapeutic role of dogs

We have long known about the therapeutic benefits of working with and being around dogs , but their roles in prison, up until recently, have largely been centred around security (as drugs dogs or on patrols) say Professors Barbara Cooke and Graham Towl. However, a rise in dog training programmes, both here and in the US, points to clear benefits in terms of rehabilitation for prisoners and welfare benefits to the animals. Early studies show, that when prisoners pass selection criteria to work with dogs in a training programme, that their risk of reoffending is often lowered. 'In the first instance', say Cooke and Towl, 'animal contact can be beneficial for many prisoners. In prison culture, where physical touch is often either viewed as violent or sexualised, the touch of a dog can help access some therapeutic aspects and lower stress'. In addition, studies show participation can have a desirable impact on relationships between prisoners and and staff, improve personal and professional skills, and improve behaviour while behind bars. And although more studies are needed, early indications from dog training programmes with prisoners are showing that reconviction has reduced in the first-year post-release.

See the increased risk of suicide and self-harm

Risk isn't equal between men and women . Although women only account for under 5% of the prison population in England and Wales, according to The Samaritans, women are 20 times more likely to take their own lives than women in the community , whereas male prisoners are 3.7 times more likely to die by suicide. Psychologist, Chris Millar, argues that it is particularly important to acknowledge the distinctive needs of female offenders, with women in prison being far more likely to have been the victims of more serious offences than the ones they are accused of committing.

Improve prisoner's mental health to support communities

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Psychologist guide to... Prisons | BPS

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Most of us can only imagine what life as a prisoner is really like. How can psychologists support rehabilitation and the understanding that people are in prison as punishment, not for punishment?

# data[].attributes.headline
BPS Research Digest: immune changes in depression

# data[].attributes.subject
BPS Research Digest: immune changes in depression

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Immune changes in depression may be broader than we thought | BPS

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
New research focusing on immune alterations in major depressive disorder finds suite of changes, beyond just C-reactive protein.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Unlocking the mechanisms of electroconvulsive therapy | BPS

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
New systematic review pieces together findings on cortical thickness, growth factors, and more, zeroing in on what may make ECT effective.

# data[].attributes.headline
The Psychologist: the use of p values in statistical testing

# data[].attributes.subject
The Psychologist: the use of p values in statistical testing

# data[].attributes.body
Should we continue to use p-values and focus on a 5% threshold?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Marcus Munafò, our new Associate Editor for Research, on credibility in how psychologists report results.

# data[].attributes.headline
The Psychologist: psychology and jury decision-making

# data[].attributes.subject
The Psychologist: psychology and jury decision-making

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
A review from Dr Lee Curley, a Lecturer at the Open University.
. Jurors then choose the verdict which best matches their chosen story. For example, in the show, if the murder fitted the story more, then a guilty verdict was reached, whereas if manslaughter fitted the story more, then a not guilty verdict was reached.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
A crucial discourse on our jury system | BPS

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Dr Howard Fine on Channel 4's 'The Jury: Murder Trial', a programme he served as Consultant Clinical Psychologist on; plus a review from Dr Lee Curley.

# data[].attributes.body
This course helps you nail percentages, ratios, fractions, decimals and the other mathematical skills that you will need on your A-Level Psychology course and beyond. Work through it at your own pace, practice difficult skills and reduce your anxiety around maths with worked examples. You can access this maths for psychology A level course free of charge online. Although designed for AQA it covers lots of the OCR maths too so is really useful.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
This self-paced online course walks you through the maths skills that you will need on your A-Level Psychology course, and how you can develop these even further.

# data[].attributes.body
Claudia Hammond revisits another classic psychology experiment, David Rosenhan's Pseudo-Patient Study, gaining access to his unpublished personal papers to discover how it changed our understanding of the human mind, and its impact 40 years on.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
4 Extra Debut. Claudia Hammond revisits David Rosenhan's 1973 study which revealed huge problems with psychiatric diagnoses. From July 2009.

Claudia Hammond revisits another classic psychology experiment, David Rosenhan's Pseudo-Patient Study, gaining access to his unpublished personal papers to discover how it changed our understanding of the human mind, and its impact 40 years on.

Between 1969 and 1972, the clinical psychologist David Rosenhan and seven other people - none of whom had a psychiatric diagnosis - got themselves admitted to 12 different psychiatric hospitals around the United States. They did this by presenting with a single symptom, saying that they heard a voice which said words such as 'empty', 'dull' and 'thud.' Once admitted, they acted completely normally. Nevertheless, they were kept in for periods of between 8 and 52 days. Seven of them were diagnosed with schizophrenia and were released as being 'in remission'; not one of them was judged to be sane.

After Rosenhan published On Being Sane in Insane Places in the journal Science in 1973, the psychiatric profession went on the defensive to protest its diagnostic competence. The study struck at the heart of their attempts to medicalise psychiatry and be accepted as proper doctors. Its impact was felt when the third edition of the profession's bible, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, came out in 1980: changes had been made which brought more rigour to the diagnostic process.

However, as Claudia discovers from Rosenhan's unpublished papers, for him the study was less an experiment of diagnostic efficacy than an anthropological survey of psychiatric wards. In a chapter of the book he never finished, she reads his poignant account of his own first admission, and his sense that 'minimal attention was paid to my presence, as if I hardly existed'.

Now suffering ill health and unable to speak, Rosenhan delegates his friends and colleagues professor of social psychology at Stanford University Lee Ross and clinical psychologist Florence Keller to speak to Claudia and show her the box containing previously unpublished material which throws new light on one of the most controversial and famous psychology experiments.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
BBC Radio 4 - Mind Changers, The Pseudo-Patient Study

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Claudia Hammond revisits David Rosenhan's influential 1973 study of psychiatric diagnoses.

# data[].attributes.body
Richard Wiseman takes you on a personal journey into the fascinating world of psychology, focusing on what makes for meaningful research. He explores how psychology reveals the hidden workings of the mind, boosts critical thinking, debunks myths, improves lives, and informs debates in politics, philosophy, and education. This insider’s guide lifts the lid on how psychologists go about their work, examines contemporary challenges associated with studying the mind, and encourages students and researchers to reflect on why they do what they do.

If you’ve ever wanted to think like a psychologist, spot a liar, uncover the truth about happiness, or discover how to create a more altruistic society, then this book is for you.

# data[].attributes.body
Dr Ruja Ignatova persuaded millions to join her financial revolution. Then she disappeared. Why? Jamie Bartlett presents a story of greed, deceit and herd madness.Dr Ruja Ignatova persuaded millions to join her financial revolution. Then she disappeared. Why? Jamie Bartlett presents a story of greed, deceit and herd madness.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
BBC Sounds - The Missing Cryptoqueen - Available now

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Available episodes of The Missing Cryptoqueen

# data[].attributes.headline
TED Talk: Depressed dogs, cats with OCD...

# data[].attributes.subject
TED Talk: Depressed dogs, cats with OCD...

# data[].attributes.body
Behind those funny animal videos, sometimes, are oddly human-like problems. Laurel Braitman studies non-human animals who exhibit signs of mental health issues -- from compulsive bears to self-destructive rats to monkeys with unlikely friends. Braitman asks what we as humans can learn from watching animals cope with depression, sadness and other all-too-human problems.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Laurel Braitman: Depressed dogs, cats with OCD - what animal madness means for us humans

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Behind those funny animal videos, sometimes, are oddly human-like problems. Laurel Braitman studies non-human animals who exhibit signs of mental health issues -- from compulsive bears to self-destructive rats to monkeys with unlikely friends.

# data[].attributes.headline
TED Talk: Human nature and the blank slate

# data[].attributes.subject
TED Talk: Human nature and the blank slate

# data[].attributes.body
Steven Pinker's book The Blank Slate argues that all humans are born with some innate traits. Here, Pinker talks about his thesis, and why some people found it incredibly upsetting.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Steven Pinker: Human nature and the blank slate

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Steven Pinker's book The Blank Slate argues that all humans are born with some innate traits. Here, Pinker talks about his thesis, and why some people found it incredibly upsetting.

# data[].attributes.body
Philip Zimbardo knows how easy it is for nice people to turn bad. In this talk, he shares insights and graphic unseen photos from the Abu Ghraib trials. Then he talks about the flip side: how easy it is to be a hero, and how we can rise to the challenge.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Philip Zimbardo knows how easy it is for nice people to turn bad. In this talk, he shares insights and graphic unseen photos from the Abu Ghraib trials. Then he talks about the flip side: how easy it is to be a hero, and how we can rise to the challenge.

# data[].attributes.body
Psychologist Elizabeth Loftus studies memories. More precisely, she studies false memories, when people either remember things that didn't happen or remember them differently from the way they really were.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Psychologist Elizabeth Loftus studies memories. More precisely, she studies false memories, when people either remember things that didn’t happen or remember them differently from the way they really were. It’s more common than you might think, and Loftus shares some startling stories and statistics -- and raises some important ethical questions.

# data[].attributes.body
The show on how we think, feel and behave. Claudia Hammond delves into the evidence on mental health, psychology and neuroscience.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
BBC Radio 4 - All in the Mind - Downloads

# data[].attributes.headline
TED Talk: Do you really know why you do what you do?

# data[].attributes.subject
TED Talk: Do you really know why you do what you do?

# data[].attributes.body
Experimental psychologist Petter Johansson researches choice blindness - a phenomenon where we convince ourselves that we're getting what we want, even when we're not.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Petter Johansson: Do you really know why you do what you do?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Experimental psychologist Petter Johansson researches choice blindness -- a phenomenon where we convince ourselves that we're getting what we want, even when we're not. In an eye-opening talk, he shares experiments (designed in collaboration with magicians!) that aim to answer the question: Why do we do what we do?

# data[].attributes.body
Using stories of deceit and fatal errors to cast doubt on our strategies for dealing with the unknown, Malcolm Gladwell takes us on an intellectual adventure into the darker side of human nature, where strangers are never simple and misreading them can have disastrous consequences.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Select Your Cookie Preferences

We use cookies and similar tools that are necessary to enable you to make purchases, to enhance your shopping experiences and to provide our services, as detailed in our Cookie Notice. We also use these cookies to understand how customers use our services (for example, by measuring site visits) so we can make improvements.

If you agree, we'll also use cookies to complement your shopping experience across the Amazon stores as described in our Cookie Notice. This includes using first- and third-party cookies, which store or access standard device information such as a unique identifier. Third parties use cookies for their purposes of displaying and measuring personalised ads, generating audience insights, and developing and improving products. Click 'Customise Cookies' to decline these cookies, make more detailed choices, or learn more. You can change your choices at any time by visiting Cookie Preferences, as described in the Cookie Notice. To learn more about how and for what purposes Amazon uses personal information (such as Amazon Store order history), please visit our Privacy Notice.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Talking to Strangers: What We Should Know about the People We Don't Know

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Buy Talking to Strangers: What We Should Know about the People We Don't Know 01 by Gladwell, Malcolm (ISBN: 9780141988498) from Amazon's Book Store. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders.

# data[].attributes.body
Armed with the extraordinary new discoveries about our genes, Ridley turns his attention to the nature versus nurture debate to bring the first popular account of the roots of human behaviour.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Select Your Cookie Preferences

We use cookies and similar tools that are necessary to enable you to make purchases, to enhance your shopping experiences and to provide our services, as detailed in our Cookie Notice. We also use these cookies to understand how customers use our services (for example, by measuring site visits) so we can make improvements.

If you agree, we'll also use cookies to complement your shopping experience across the Amazon stores as described in our Cookie Notice. This includes using first- and third-party cookies, which store or access standard device information such as a unique identifier. Third parties use cookies for their purposes of displaying and measuring personalised ads, generating audience insights, and developing and improving products. Click 'Customise Cookies' to decline these cookies, make more detailed choices, or learn more. You can change your choices at any time by visiting Cookie Preferences, as described in the Cookie Notice. To learn more about how and for what purposes Amazon uses personal information (such as Amazon Store order history), please visit our Privacy Notice.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Nature via Nurture: Genes, Experience and What Makes Us Human

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Buy Nature via Nurture: Genes, Experience and What Makes Us Human by Ridley, Matt (ISBN: 9781841157467) from Amazon's Book Store. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders.

# data[].attributes.body
World-renowned Stanford University psychologist Carol Dweck, in decades of research on achievement and success, has discovered a truly groundbreaking idea-the power of our mindset. Dweck explains why it's not just our abilities and talent that bring us success-but whether we approach them with a fixed or growth mindset.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Mindset: How You Can Fulfil Your Potential

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Buy Mindset: How You Can Fulfil Your Potential by Carol Dweck (ISBN: 8601404197673) from Amazon’s Book Store. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Boy Who Was Raised as a Dog, 3rd Edition: And Other Stories from a Child Psychiatrist’s Notebook--What Traumatized Children Can Teach Us About Loss, Love, and Healing

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Buy The Boy Who Was Raised as a Dog, 3rd Edition: And Other Stories from a Child Psychiatrist’s Notebook--What Traumatized Children Can Teach Us About Loss, Love, and Healing 3rd Revised ed. by Perry, Bruce D., Szalavitz, Maia (ISBN: 9780465094455) from Amazon’s Book Store. Everyday low prices and f…

# data[].attributes.body
What if society wasn't fundamentally rational, but was motivated by insanity? This thought sets Jon Ronson on an utterly compelling adventure into the world of madness.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Select Your Cookie Preferences

We use cookies and similar tools that are necessary to enable you to make purchases, to enhance your shopping experiences and to provide our services, as detailed in our Cookie Notice. We also use these cookies to understand how customers use our services (for example, by measuring site visits) so we can make improvements.

If you agree, we'll also use cookies to complement your shopping experience across the Amazon stores as described in our Cookie Notice. This includes using first- and third-party cookies, which store or access standard device information such as a unique identifier. Third parties use cookies for their purposes of displaying and measuring personalised ads, generating audience insights, and developing and improving products. Click 'Customise Cookies' to decline these cookies, make more detailed choices, or learn more. You can change your choices at any time by visiting Cookie Preferences, as described in the Cookie Notice. To learn more about how and for what purposes Amazon uses personal information (such as Amazon Store order history), please visit our Privacy Notice.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Psychopath Test: A Journey Through the Madness Industry

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Buy The Psychopath Test: A Journey Through the Madness Industry Main Market Ed. by Jon Ronson (ISBN: 9780330492270) from Amazon's Book Store. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders.

# data[].attributes.headline
Book: Offender Profiling and Crime Analysis

# data[].attributes.subject
Book: Offender Profiling and Crime Analysis

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Buy Offender Profiling and Crime Analysis 1 by Ainsworth, Peter (ISBN: 9788175040274) from Amazon’s Book Store. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Select Your Cookie Preferences

We use cookies and similar tools that are necessary to enable you to make purchases, to enhance your shopping experiences and to provide our services, as detailed in our Cookie Notice. We also use these cookies to understand how customers use our services (for example, by measuring site visits) so we can make improvements.

If you agree, we'll also use cookies to complement your shopping experience across the Amazon stores as described in our Cookie Notice. This includes using first- and third-party cookies, which store or access standard device information such as a unique identifier. Third parties use cookies for their purposes of displaying and measuring personalised ads, generating audience insights, and developing and improving products. Click 'Customise Cookies' to decline these cookies, make more detailed choices, or learn more. You can change your choices at any time by visiting Cookie Preferences, as described in the Cookie Notice. To learn more about how and for what purposes Amazon uses personal information (such as Amazon Store order history), please visit our Privacy Notice.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
This work offers complete coverage of A Level Edexcel, OCR and AQA B specification requirements. It features many up-to-date studies illustrating the key concepts and provides a stimulus for students' own research. It includes a grid to map the content to the specifications. It incorporates stude...

# data[].attributes.headline
Book: The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time

# data[].attributes.subject
Book: The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time

# data[].attributes.body
Fantastic book about ASC, can be found in the library.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Select Your Cookie Preferences

We use cookies and similar tools that are necessary to enable you to make purchases, to enhance your shopping experiences and to provide our services, as detailed in our Cookie Notice. We also use these cookies to understand how customers use our services (for example, by measuring site visits) so we can make improvements.

If you agree, we'll also use cookies to complement your shopping experience across the Amazon stores as described in our Cookie Notice. This includes using first- and third-party cookies, which store or access standard device information such as a unique identifier. Third parties use cookies for their purposes of displaying and measuring personalised ads, generating audience insights, and developing and improving products. Click 'Customise Cookies' to decline these cookies, make more detailed choices, or learn more. You can change your choices at any time by visiting Cookie Preferences, as described in the Cookie Notice. To learn more about how and for what purposes Amazon uses personal information (such as Amazon Store order history), please visit our Privacy Notice.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Buy The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time 01 by Haddon, Mark (ISBN: 9780099450252) from Amazon's Book Store. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders.

# data[].attributes.body
What is happening in the brain when we drink too much alcohol, get high on ecstasy or experience road rage? Challenging many preconceived notions, Susan Greenfield's groundbreaking book seeks to answer one of science's most enduring mysteries: how our unique sense of self is created.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Select Your Cookie Preferences

We use cookies and similar tools that are necessary to enable you to make purchases, to enhance your shopping experiences and to provide our services, as detailed in our Cookie Notice. We also use these cookies to understand how customers use our services (for example, by measuring site visits) so we can make improvements.

If you agree, we'll also use cookies to complement your shopping experience across the Amazon stores as described in our Cookie Notice. This includes using first- and third-party cookies, which store or access standard device information such as a unique identifier. Third parties use cookies for their purposes of displaying and measuring personalised ads, generating audience insights, and developing and improving products. Click 'Customise Cookies' to decline these cookies, make more detailed choices, or learn more. You can change your choices at any time by visiting Cookie Preferences, as described in the Cookie Notice. To learn more about how and for what purposes Amazon uses personal information (such as Amazon Store order history), please visit our Privacy Notice.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
What is happening in the brain when we drink too much alcohol, get high on ecstasy or experience road rage? Emotion, says internationally acclaimed neuroscientist Susan Greenfield, is the building block of consciousness. As our minds develop we create a personalized inner world based on our exper...

# data[].attributes.body
Ben Goldacre’s wise and witty bestseller, shortlisted for the Samuel Johnson Prize, lifts the lid on quack doctors, flaky statistics, scaremongering journalists and evil pharmaceutical corporations.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Select Your Cookie Preferences

We use cookies and similar tools that are necessary to enable you to make purchases, to enhance your shopping experiences and to provide our services, as detailed in our Cookie Notice. We also use these cookies to understand how customers use our services (for example, by measuring site visits) so we can make improvements.

If you agree, we'll also use cookies to complement your shopping experience across the Amazon stores as described in our Cookie Notice. This includes using first- and third-party cookies, which store or access standard device information such as a unique identifier. Third parties use cookies for their purposes of displaying and measuring personalised ads, generating audience insights, and developing and improving products. Click 'Customise Cookies' to decline these cookies, make more detailed choices, or learn more. You can change your choices at any time by visiting Cookie Preferences, as described in the Cookie Notice. To learn more about how and for what purposes Amazon uses personal information (such as Amazon Store order history), please visit our Privacy Notice.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Buy Bad Science Reprint by Goldacre, Ben (ISBN: 9780007284870) from Amazon's Book Store. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Select Your Cookie Preferences

We use cookies and similar tools that are necessary to enable you to make purchases, to enhance your shopping experiences and to provide our services, as detailed in our Cookie Notice. We also use these cookies to understand how customers use our services (for example, by measuring site visits) so we can make improvements.

If you agree, we’ll also use cookies to complement your shopping experience across the Amazon stores as described in our Cookie Notice. This includes using first- and third-party cookies, which store or access standard device information such as a unique identifier. Third parties use cookies for their purposes of displaying and measuring personalised ads, generating audience insights, and developing and improving products. Click ‘Customise Cookies’ to decline these cookies, make more detailed choices, or learn more. You can change your choices at any time by visiting Cookie Preferences, as described in the Cookie Notice. To learn more about how and for what purposes Amazon uses personal information (such as Amazon Store order history), please visit our Privacy Notice.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Madness Explained: Psychosis and Human Nature

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Buy Madness Explained: Psychosis and Human Nature New by Richard P. Bentall, Aaron T. Beck (ISBN: 9780140275407) from Amazon’s Book Store. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Select Your Cookie Preferences

We use cookies and similar tools that are necessary to enable you to make purchases, to enhance your shopping experiences and to provide our services, as detailed in our Cookie Notice. We also use these cookies to understand how customers use our services (for example, by measuring site visits) so we can make improvements.

If you agree, we'll also use cookies to complement your shopping experience across the Amazon stores as described in our Cookie Notice. This includes using first- and third-party cookies, which store or access standard device information such as a unique identifier. Third parties use cookies for their purposes of displaying and measuring personalised ads, generating audience insights, and developing and improving products. Click 'Customise Cookies' to decline these cookies, make more detailed choices, or learn more. You can change your choices at any time by visiting Cookie Preferences, as described in the Cookie Notice. To learn more about how and for what purposes Amazon uses personal information (such as Amazon Store order history), please visit our Privacy Notice.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Language Instinct: How the Mind Creates Language

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Buy The Language Instinct: How the Mind Creates Language 01 by Pinker, Steven (ISBN: 9780141980775) from Amazon's Book Store. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders.

# data[].attributes.headline
Book: The Man Who Mistook His Wife For a Hat

# data[].attributes.subject
Book: The Man Who Mistook His Wife For a Hat

# data[].attributes.body
Brilliant book with case studies of patients with different neurological disorders. Available in the school library.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Select Your Cookie Preferences

We use cookies and similar tools that are necessary to enable you to make purchases, to enhance your shopping experiences and to provide our services, as detailed in our Cookie Notice. We also use these cookies to understand how customers use our services (for example, by measuring site visits) so we can make improvements.

If you agree, we'll also use cookies to complement your shopping experience across the Amazon stores as described in our Cookie Notice. This includes using first- and third-party cookies, which store or access standard device information such as a unique identifier. Third parties use cookies for their purposes of displaying and measuring personalised ads, generating audience insights, and developing and improving products. Click 'Customise Cookies' to decline these cookies, make more detailed choices, or learn more. You can change your choices at any time by visiting Cookie Preferences, as described in the Cookie Notice. To learn more about how and for what purposes Amazon uses personal information (such as Amazon Store order history), please visit our Privacy Notice.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat (Picador Classic, 19)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat (Picador Classic, 19) : Sacks, Oliver: Amazon.co.uk: Books

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Phantoms in the Brain: Human Nature and the Architecture of the Mind

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Phantoms in the Brain: Human Nature and the Architecture of the Mind : Ramachandran, V.S., Blakeslee, Sandra: Amazon.co.uk: Books

# data[].attributes.body
Book by Zimbardo.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Select Your Cookie Preferences

We use cookies and similar tools that are necessary to enable you to make purchases, to enhance your shopping experiences and to provide our services, as detailed in our Cookie Notice. We also use these cookies to understand how customers use our services (for example, by measuring site visits) so we can make improvements.

If you agree, we'll also use cookies to complement your shopping experience across the Amazon stores as described in our Cookie Notice. This includes using first- and third-party cookies, which store or access standard device information such as a unique identifier. Third parties use cookies for their purposes of displaying and measuring personalised ads, generating audience insights, and developing and improving products. Click 'Customise Cookies' to decline these cookies, make more detailed choices, or learn more. You can change your choices at any time by visiting Cookie Preferences, as described in the Cookie Notice. To learn more about how and for what purposes Amazon uses personal information (such as Amazon Store order history), please visit our Privacy Notice.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Lucifer Effect: How Good People Turn Evil

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Buy The Lucifer Effect: How Good People Turn Evil 22 by Zimbardo, Philip (ISBN: 9781846041037) from Amazon's Book Store. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders.