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Second President of the united States.

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Adams calls the first special session of Congress to debate the mounting crisis in French-American relations. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, the American envoy in France, had left France after being insulted by the French foreign minister.

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The Eleventh Amendment to the Constitution of the United States is declared in full force by President Adams. It stipulates that federal courts shall not have the jurisdiction over litigation between individuals from one state against individuals from another state.

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May 7, 1800 Dividing the Northwest Territory

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May 7, 1800 Dividing the Northwest Territory

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Congress passes an act dividing the Northwest Territory into two parts, with the border between them running north from the junction of the Ohio and Kentucky Rivers. The western part of the territory will be known as the Indiana Territory while the eastern half will retain the name Northwest Territory.

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Congress passes and Adams signs into law the Federal Bankruptcy Act, providing merchants and traders protection from debtors.

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October 1, 1800 Treaty of San Idlefonso Spain cedes the Louisiana territory to France with the signing of the secret Treaty of San Idlefonso. Leaders express alarm because the French could be a potentially dangerous enemy in the region.

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November 11, 1800 Adams loses reelection

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November 11, 1800 Adams loses reelection

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The fourth presidential election is held. Adams, the Federalist Party candidate, loses his bid for reelection. A tie in electoral votes between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr throws the election into the House of Representatives, with Jefferson emerging the winner. 

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John Adams Death July 4, 1826, Quincy, MA

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John Adams Death July 4, 1826, Quincy, MA

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On July 4, 1826, at the age of 90, Adams lay on his deathbed while the country celebrated Independence Day. His last words were, "Thomas Jefferson still survives." He was mistaken: Jefferson had died five hours earlier at Monticello at the age of 83.