# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
a tiny pair of leather children’s clogs dating from around 1870.

# data[].attributes.headline
Tiny clogs and child poverty in the industrial revolution - Khooshi Trivedi 

# data[].attributes.subject
Tiny clogs and child poverty in the industrial revolution - Khooshi Trivedi 

# data[].attributes.body
-One of the most effective objects to be added in to the textiles gallery.
-Clogs were the work shoe of women, children and men.
-The children who wore them never actually owned them.
-Charter Street Ragged School in Angel Meadow lent the shoes to children whose families could not afford to buy them.
-The shoes are stamped ‘CSRS loaned, not to be pawned’, to stop poor children or their families from pawning them for money.
-Since workers weren’t guaranteed good wages, they struggled to afford food, clothes and a place to live.
-Charter Street in Angel Meadow provided food, clothing and basic education to Manchester’s poorest people.

# data[].attributes.headline
Richard Arkwright: father of factory system 

# data[].attributes.subject
Richard Arkwright: father of factory system 

# data[].attributes.body
Ciara Soler
-Arkwright was born in 1732 in Preston to a poor family

-John Kay helped Richard create his first prototype spinning machine in 1767

-Others had been working on creating spinning machines but Arkwright’s machine had differences that set his prototype apart from others

-Arkwright’s spinning machines became known as water frames because he realized water power was more affective than horsepower

-Richard took legal action against anyone who used his inventions without a license

-the court brought a verdict against Arkwright allowing people to use his inventions without restriction

-Richard Arkwright transformed the cotton industry. He showed it was possible to set up a purpose-built factory, install a power source , equip it with machinery, hire a workforce, and make profit.

# data[].attributes.body
-These were made in Germany
-In Germany they were named Rosenthal and Stamped with a crown
-Moldacot made a slightly modified version of this in London
- The UK version was the smallest sewing machine at that time
-The UK version was specifically designed for fitting session adjustments
-As it can be seen in the picture, the machine has a clamp to secure it to a table
-The clamp is worked by pushing down a needle bar which has a spring return
-The firm remained for two years
-60,000 machines were made though only a few were sold
-The company lost 50,000 euros at this point

# data[].attributes.body
- Clogs were the type of shoe you would wear just for work.

-Children who wore this type of show never owned them.

-These were lent from places to go to families who had children that could not afford to buy shoes.

- There were loans you can have to stop poor children or their families pawning them for money

-The clogs were selected for the gallery to show the precarious lives of industrial Manchester’s workforce.

-Workers earned good wages in Manchester textile mills.

- There were lots of cotton shortages or low demand for cloth could shut the mills. When this occurred workers were not paid the same.

# data[].attributes.body
.Joseph Marie Jacquard, a french weaver and merchant, obtain an exclusive rights to his invention that he could use to revolutionized how pattern cloth could be woven.

.This invention was called “The Jacquard loom,” was built by inventor Jacques de Vacanson.

.The invention made it possible for complex and detailed patterns to be made, by unskilled workers in lesser time it took a master weaver and his assistant working manually.

.The effect of this machine caused “the cost of fashionable, high sought after patterned cloth to decrease.”

.It could also now be mass produced, cause if to be more affordable to a wide market of consumers.

.The most important variable to the success of Jacquard’s invention was the use of interchangeable cards, were tiny holes were punched. These holes were the instructions for weaving a pattern.

.When placed into the machine, the cards directed which warp threads to be raised, to allow the weft thread to pass under them. With these punch cards Jacquard looms could reproduce any pattern, a designer made.

https://www.scienceandindustrymuseum.org.uk/objects-and-stories/jacquard-loom

# data[].attributes.body
- The railway opened in 1830
- Railways increased trade speed between Liverpool and Manchester in the 1820s
-When the question on how to move the cart was asked, they decided the best and most efficient method was steam power.
- The opening of railways was controversial, people loved it and others threw stones at it
- David Bellhouse Jr constructed the first railway goods warehouse
-By 1844 Liverpool road station only accepted goods traffic, and trade was at an all-time high. One shipment recorded 500 tons of cotton off 100 trucks.
-Railways impacted the world as a wonderous invention, it sped up trade in Britain, between 1830 and 1845 there was a period called railway mania, railway developers built railways based on the Manchester and Liverpool railways.

# data[].attributes.body
- was all made by hand
-was used in many households
-costed up to 8 grand
-use for remolding run down clothes
-allowed women to sew clothes for their family in a faster way
-provided a greater and lower priced scale on factories

# data[].attributes.headline
The water and sanitation in the first industrial city - Juliano Lopez-Aldana

# data[].attributes.subject
The water and sanitation in the first industrial city - Juliano Lopez-Aldana

# data[].attributes.body
Manchester experienced a population explosion, growing from a town of 60,000 inhabitants in 1800 to 142,000 by 1842.

Manchester has gained a reputation as one of the most filthy overcrowded and unhealthy places in Britain.

The death rates soared and life expectancies.

In 1837 the Manchester Statistical Society published data on the life expectancy.

Diseases like typhoid and dysentery spread rapidly.

There were outbreaks of cholera in 1832 and 1849.

Water was a issue to the people in Manchester and people died cause of the water because it was polluted.

# data[].attributes.headline
Gavin Swiecicki- Slums and Suburbs: Water and Sanitation in The First Industrial City:

# data[].attributes.subject
Gavin Swiecicki- Slums and Suburbs: Water and Sanitation in The First Industrial City:

# data[].attributes.body
Manchester had the reputation of the filthiest, crowded and unhealthy place in Britain.

Death rates soared and life expectancy plummeted.

In 1847, only 11,000 of 47,000 homes were able to pump water through pipes into the house.  Most of the water people were drinking was very polluted and unsafe.

Toilets were public and not inside homes.  They were almost never emptied so as a result human waster would overflow into the streets and waterways.

In 1851 the Manchester Corporation started a attempt to supply Manchester with water from Longdendale in the Peak District.

People who created protests in the 1840s and 1850s sealed envirmoental change and reform.

The availability of water was a huge issue of the people of Manchester.  Many also got ill or died from very polluted water.

# data[].attributes.body
-Created in 1846
-Used for remodeling ripped up or ruined clothing
-was used by hand
-Provided greater productivity and lower prices in large scale factories
-Allowed women to sew cloths for there family in a much quicker way
-Was used in households a lot
-Cost up to 8 thousand dollars

# data[].attributes.body
There were once designers working in 1931 at the Calico Printers Association on Oxford Road in Manchester

Watches are used in a CPA for wire stitching patterns

Young girls are leaving a Salford mill after all they needed to do for work was done at the Bishop Marshall in 1936

Inside the Rigby Mill, there is a spinning room in 1938

In 1947, there is a female worker working at a machine at the Rigby Mill

The woman making sure that the industry does everything themselves is named Margaret Cooley, holding bobbins to the frame

Laborers have to work extra night shift hours at the Tootal Broadhurst Lee Sunnyside Mill; one of the ladies, Kathleen Smith Bolton, is seen working on looms.

# data[].attributes.headline
Water and sanitation in the city of Manchester - Rucha Desai

# data[].attributes.subject
Water and sanitation in the city of Manchester - Rucha Desai

# data[].attributes.body
- Manchester gained a reputation as one of the most filthy, overcrowded and unhealthy places in Britain.

- Death rates soared and life expectancies plummeted.

- the average age of death for the labouring population at just 17.

- Diseases like typhoid and dysentery spread rapidly

- the town was badly hit by outbreaks of cholera in 1832 and 1849.

- The people would drink and collect the contaminated water from the river.

-the people would dump their garbage and waste on the street which would cause more filth and animals to roam around.

# data[].attributes.body
-Liverpool and Manchester made these railways

-World’s first steam powered urban railway which was to transport people, as well as transport goods

-These railways opened on September 15th, 1830

-These railways were used for trade so it transported things like cotton

-It took 3 surveys for the railways to be approved

-There was a big disaster when the locomotives stopped refueling and the passengers clambered down onto tracks

-The railways were the fastest transportation around during this time period

# data[].attributes.body
-Essential to Britain’s cotton industry
-Made in 1920-1960
-Armies of mill workers from the 19th century followed this on their power loom back and forth
-Carries yarn and weft back and forth across a loom
-Weaves cloth as it passes over and under the warp threads
-From Elm Street Mill, Burnley
- Engraved on one side
-Side is “Pilkington Limited Heywood.”

# data[].attributes.headline
MANCHESTER’S SMOKE NUISANCE: AIR POLLUTION IN THE INDUSTRIAL CITY

# data[].attributes.subject
MANCHESTER’S SMOKE NUISANCE: AIR POLLUTION IN THE INDUSTRIAL CITY

# data[].attributes.body
One of the first things you saw when approaching Manchester was the large cloud of black smoke rising from the factories.

The constant burning of coal released dangerous pollutants into the air. People back then didn’t know the long term environmental effects of the coal burning, but the health effects of the smoke became clear very early on. By the md 1840’s, there were about 500 smoking industrial chimneys on Manchester’s skyline. Despite the dreadful living conditions in Manchester, it is associated with a thriving economy. Coal was the heart of the pollution problem in Manchester, as burning coal created a black smoke that filled the air, and it killed many people with it

# data[].attributes.headline
Children poverty in Industrial Revolution -Ephremia Kalargheros

# data[].attributes.subject
Children poverty in Industrial Revolution -Ephremia Kalargheros

# data[].attributes.body
-working conditions were fairly poor
-pilgrims wore exotic and
-some workers would have to go without wages at points of working
-they leant clothing a shoes from the mothers to there children due to financial help
-CSRS was made for poor people not to pawn money with loans
-most people worked in mills that could go out of work for with lack of recourses
-most struggles were lack of food, no schools, and clothes

# data[].attributes.body
Children during this time period were enslaved practically,children would work up to 15 hours a day working in these factories. Some of these kids would die in these factories by getting chopped up in machinery.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The world's first industrial city | Science and Industry Museum

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
From its towering mills, bustling warehouses and crowded streets, Manchester's industrial transformation helped shape life as we know it.

# data[].attributes.headline
The First Synthetic Dye - Brinda Bhupatiraju

# data[].attributes.subject
The First Synthetic Dye - Brinda Bhupatiraju

# data[].attributes.body
1. The first synthetic dye was patented on August 26, 1856 by William Henry Perkin.
2. Originally, he was developing a synthetic form of quinine. It was in demand as a treatment for malaria.
3. He was using aniline, a colorless aromatic oil that was derived from coal tar.
4. The experiment produced a black precipitate that, when the color was removed, it dyed silk purple.
5. He called the color mauve and named the synthetic dye mauveine.
6. It was an accidental discovery.
7. He spent the rest of his life researching other areas of chemistry.

# data[].attributes.headline
Child poverty in the Industrial Revolution- Giuliana Prinzivalli 

# data[].attributes.subject
Child poverty in the Industrial Revolution- Giuliana Prinzivalli 

# data[].attributes.body
-clogs were the shoes the children would wear day to day
- They have a stamp of CSRS loaned to stop poor children or their families pawning them for money
-work was never guaranteed
-many struggled to afford food, clothing, and education
-cotton shortages or low demand for cloth could shut the mills
-some workers had to go without wages
- some also struggled with finding a place to live

# data[].attributes.body
-Practical and hardwearing, clogs were the work-a-day shoe of industrial Manchester’s women, children and men
-Workers could earn good wages in Manchester’s textile mills, but work was never guaranteed.
-Workers then had to go without wages. Many struggled to afford food, clothes and a place to live
-Shoes were lent by Charter Street Ragged School in Angel Meadow to children whose families could not afford them
-So called ‘ragged’ schools like Charter Street in Angel Meadow, by the middle of the 19th century one of Manchester’s worst slum districts, provided food, clothing and basic education to Manchester’s poorest people.

# data[].attributes.headline
Bad Smoke during Industrial Revolution -Lucas Apen

# data[].attributes.subject
Bad Smoke during Industrial Revolution -Lucas Apen

# data[].attributes.body
Industrialization in the 19th century had world-changing effects.

It brought millions and millions of people to Manchester to work in these factories.

At the peak of Manchesters cotton industry, coal powered steam engines drove the city’s towering cotton mills, filling the air with noxious, sooty coal smoke.

The workers and residents suffered a lot from this smoke making them have diseases and dirty homes.

The urban air pollution was known as “the smoke nuisance.”

By the mid 1840s, there were about 500 smoking industrial chimneys on Manchesters skyline.

At the heart of Manchester's urban air pollution problem was the practice of burning coal, a fossil fuel

# data[].attributes.headline
The first industrial city- Kayden Cipolla

# data[].attributes.subject
The first industrial city- Kayden Cipolla

# data[].attributes.body
- John dalton is the reason we know so much about colors
- in this experiment, things like thread and light were used
- John dalton, a chemist, helped us to understand being color blind
- he conducted an experiment with silk thread to see what colors appeared as
- he used everyday objects as reference points
-because of dalton, we know a lot more about colors and being color blind
-he gave his first account of his color vision to the Manchester literary and philosophical society in 1794

# data[].attributes.body
-The working conditions were harsh
- There were hundreds of thousands of enslaved people
-Became a massive cotton industry
-became the heart of global manufacturing and trade
-they were enslaving children and when they died they put there remains in a mass grave
-in the beggining it was barely anything
-the town started having expansions due to the significant growth