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Cause: The Stock Market crash and low morale of people because Hoover didn't properly handle the situation.

Effect: Roosevelt creating New Deal programs to battle the Depression and bring back the economic prosperity we received in the 20s.

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Cause Effect

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•Stock Market Crash •Special session with

and election of FDR Congress to begin 100 days

•People distrusting banks and •Bank Holiday checking

banking crisis finances

•Unemployment and need for •CWA employing people to

road work and airports build roads and airports

•Unemployment and need for •TVA employing people to

trees and improvement of plant trees and care for

national parks national parks

•Farmers losing farms because •FCA helping farmers

of being unable to pay loans and refinance their mortages so

mortages they could keep their farms

•Low agricultural prices •AAA helping stabilize

worsened by the Depression agricultural prices

•Unfair competition amongst •NIRA elimination this

companies competition

•Unemployment and need for •WPA hiring people for

other projects nationwide different jobs

•People unable to take care of •Social Security Act helping

themselves financially through elderly, children, disabled,

no fault of their own and unemployed

•Young Americans needing to •The NYA giving part time jobs to

support themselves through this youth group

a job

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Topic- Roosevelt's New Deal programs

Symbols - AAA, WPA, PWA initials on the back of their shirts. This symbolizes all the programs Roosevelt has created, so they are like his children. They are playing, "Ring Around the Roosevelt, Pocket Full of Dough."

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Unlike strikers, many workers stayed inside the factories where they worked so their employers would not replace them. This type of striking became later known as "Sit-Down Striking."

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People danced to Swing music because it was happy, energetic, and fast. It was a contrast to and an escape from everyday life.

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A new kind of women's fashion became popular during the Depression. Designers created affordable designs with long hemlines, slim waists, and lower heels. Accessories became important as they could make one dress look like many different outfits.

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Eleanor Roosevelt resigned from the DAR when they refused to rent their ballroom to Maria Anderson in an act of racism. The First Lady then arranged for Maria Anderson to perform at the foot of the Lincoln Memorial.

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Despite prejudice that others displayed, President Roosevelt consulted African-American leaders such as Mary Mcleod Bethune. She was one of several that Roosevelt appointed to his administration. Other members included Walter White and William Henry Hastie. They became known as the Black Cabinet, and their job was to voice concerns of African Americans. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt was a strong supporter of equal rights as well. When the DAR (Daughters of American Revolution) refused to rent their ballroom to an African American Singer, she withdrew her membership. She then helped the singer, Marian Anderson, arrange a concert at the foot of the Lincoln Memorial. 75,000 people attended. Still today, some New Deal programs such as the Social Security Act and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation are part of our lives, even though the New Deal didn't truly end The Great Depression. Also, the Depression greatly expanded the role of federal government.

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Dust storms destroyed houses, crops, and livestock during the Great Depression

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One monster dust storm 2 miles high traveled 2,000 miles until it reached the East Coast on May 11, 1934.

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Throughout the 1920's, the Great Plains had faced a downfall in production. This was because of a dust storm that effected Texas, New Mexico, Kansas, Colorado, and Oklahoma. This hit was later known as the Dust Bowl. Because of this, many farmers in the Plains had to pack up all of their things and move west. About 2.5 million people moved and left the areas form the Plains. Many moved to California. There they were given the chance to get a job there, but there were more people than available jobs. Minorities were also highly affected by the Depression. For instance, it was very hard for Mexican-Americans to find jobs. African-Americans were also faced with difficulties of the same discrimination. However, this didn't keep the WPA and CCC from hiring thousands of African-Americans. Culture during the Depression also changed. The WPA hired artists to create sculptures and murals, writers to document history, and musicians to record cowboy ballards, African American spirituals, and folk songs. Swing music, radio programs, and movies became popular ways to escape the trouble of the Depression and focus on happy times.

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For farmers, crop prices had been low for years before the Depression, even through the prosperity that cities experienced in the 20s. These conditions worsened when the Depression hit, people who had survived by using loans couldn't pay back their debts. Many people lost their farms, but conditions didn't stop worsening. A drought caused crops to wither and die, so their were no longer any crops to sell. After losing their livestock and crops due to the dust storms, 2.5 million people left the Great Plains area. They made their way to California, but their were more people than there were jobs. The hard times were felt all over America. Mexican Americans had the hardest time getting jobs as well as African Americans, who lost jobs for unemployed white workers. This discrimination didn't keep the WPA and CCC from hiring thousands of African Americans. People still debate the effects of the New Deal. Critics say that it did not truly end the Depression, while supporters say it helped people in a severe economic crisis.

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Before the Depression began, there was a large rise in money being given to the wealthy. This occurred only because many thought that the excess money would "trickle" from the wealthy to the poor. The wealthy were taxed less due to them being able to take care of themselves. Soon, the wealthy were trying to sell their stocks. However, people did not have enough money to buy them, and the result was a stock market crash. People who had bought on margin no longer had the promise of money, so they couldn't afford to pay back their loans.

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The decline in world trade also hurt manufacturing. Europeans, still recovering from World War I, couldn't afford to buy US goods. High tariffs also made it difficult for Europeans to sell products to the US. Therefore, Europeans had even less money to buy American goods.

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Historians and economists mostly agree that a main cause of the Depression was the overproduction of goods in a shrinking market. Booming businesses made millions of cars and appliances during the early 20s, but by the end of the 20s everyone owned these things and no longer needed to buy them. The result was American businesses producing far more goods than American's were buying.

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There were many successful relief organizations formed during the Depression. Some are even in use today. Two of them are the Social Security Administration and Securities and Exchange Commision.

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The National Recovery Act's purpose during the Depression was to aid business concerns by abolishing unfair competition. America's first woman cabinet member, Frances Perkins supported the passage of this law.

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After Roosevelt was inaugurated into office in March 1933, he took action by speaking to worrisome Americans affected by the Depression. At his inaugural address, he said, "The only thing we have to fear, is fear itself."He was stating that getting through the Depression was possible. Throughout the rest of this address he spoke of many problems facing Americans: unemployment, poverty, failing banks, and products that no longer had a market. After this address he called for a special schedule during his time in office. This time period was called the Hundred Days because it lasted from the beginning of his inauguration until the middle of June. The purpose of the Hundred Days was to work alongside Congress to create a form of action able to aid economic recovery and battle the Depression. This form of action later became known as the New Deal. Throughout the New Deal, Roosevelt did many things. He spoke to Americans through radio addresses called Fireside Chats. He also formed many federal projects with the objective of bringing back employment to Americans. Examples of these were the Civil Works Administration (CWA), the Civilian Conversation Corps (CCC), and the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA). Although Roosevelt had persuaded the American party, it was revealed that Roosevelt was attempting Court Packing. Court Packing is the act when the president is given the power to appoint biassed supreme court justices to the Judicial Branch

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On December 5, 1933, Congress ratified the 21st amendment and ended Prohibition for good.

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The NYA didn't only provide jobs for young men. All parts of America's youth were helped into employment by this program started by First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt.

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Roosevelt began giving fireside chats, or radio broadcasts, in which he directly spoke to the public. He explained the new bank relief law in his first broadcast. The new bank relief law stated that the government would inspect the finances of every bank and allow the healthy ones to reopen. This made people trust banks with their money again, and nearly 1 billion dollars were deposited in banks in the first month they reopened. The Civilian Conservation Corps, Civil Works Administration, and Tennessee Valley Authority provided jobs for thousands of people. Eleanor Roosevelt, the First Lady, established the National Youth Administration, which provided part-time jobs for young Americans in their teens and early twenties. This allowed them to stay in school and still help out their families. One NYA worker said, "I tell you, the first time I walked through the front door with my paycheck, I was somebody!" The Social Security Act of 1935 provided financial security for the elderly, disabled, unemployed, and children. The passing of this law marked the first time the federal government took direct responsibility for citizens' economic well being.

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In 1933, 90% of Lowell, Massachusetts, and 80% of Toledo, Ohio, was unemloyed

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Topic- Roosevelt's plan on how to turn the economy around.

Symbols- It shows Roosevelt holding four of a kind, but each card has a point from his new deal written on it. It shows a new deal as being dealt a new hand in a game of cards.

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This organization provided electricity and employment to many people in the Tennessee River community.

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After Roosevelt took charge, he proclaimed a "Bank Holiday" for all American banks affected by the Depression. The purpose of this holiday was to prevent a bank run from occurring once again. Another thing that Roosevelt created was the Civil Works Administration (CWA). The purpose of this administration was to give jobs to the unemployed Americans (which was 25% of the American population). A few examples of the jobs given to unemployed workers were building railroads and airports. The Tennessee Valley Authority was another federal organization for the employment of unemployed Tennessee Valley residents. These people were hired to produce electricity by making generators and building dams in the Tennessee River area.

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Topic- Herbert Hoover refusing to provide direct relief for citizens and saying it's up to private individuals

Symbols- Herbert Hoover has a huge load in his car. He is driving away from the Capitol and Politics down a road called Private Life, which means he is taking all of the trouble and burden of the depression and the people of America and dumping it on private individuals.

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1. What is, "betting the share prices?"

2. What is a bank run?

3. What can occur after multiple bank runs?

4. What two years caused bank closures to double?

5. What is a bank holiday?

6. In what year did Roosevelt form bank holidays?

Please Note: Due to difficulties, to access the video, click on the purple 'source' button on the bottom right hand corner. Thanks!

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Many children relied on their older siblings and parents to provide for them. Once lots of workers were laid off, everyone took action to help improve the current situation.

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Between 1930 and 1935, nearly 750,000 farms had disappeared due to either bankruptcy or sheriff sales.

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Above is an example of a line trailing out the door of a soup kitchen. The resources could not keep up the public's demand.

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At the beginning of the Depression on Black Tuesday, the stock market lost 11 billion dollars in it's original value. By September of 1929, the market had lost 30 million dollars of it's value and was now at a whopping 87 billion. Banks that invested quite heavily in the market had lost very much in their investments. Not only bank owners, but customers that had put their entire savings into the banks were devastated to know that they had lost all their money. Due to the loss of money in banks, by 1931, over 2,000 banks in America had to close. At the end of 1929, unemployment became at a all time high of over 4 million.

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People who had deposited their life savings in banks lost everything, and this created panic all over the country. As unemployment sharply increased, families struggled to feed themselves. People searched city dumps for food, and maggots invaded their meat. People couldn't pay back the loans that businesses desperately needed. In 1932, a Hooverville was built in Washington D.C. More than 17,000 residents came to be known as the Bonus Army were World War I veterans. They had come to the capital to demand their military bonus early. The government denied the payment, and General Douglass MacArthur used force to evict the veterans. The public reacted in bitterly in outrage. However, until the 1932 election, they didn't have much power. Breadlines and soup kitchens still didn't meet the vast need of food and shelter. People searched desperately for change. Their pleas were met by Franklin D. Roosevelt, who quickly won the public's admiration and gratitude.

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The average family's income dropped by 40% from 1929 to 1932. Income fell from $2,900 to $1,500.

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Below is an example of a Hooverville, a shantytown made of cardboard.

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6,000 street vendors in New York tried to sell apples for five cents in 1930.

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Herbert Hoover tried to assure the public that
the economy was built on a strong base and wouldn't collapse. The economy, however, did not recover quickly from this recession. People blamed the person in charge, Hoover, because they believed he could've prevented the crisis. Hoover believed it wasn't the government's place to provide direct relief to Americans, for he felt it was up to institutions and private individuals. This greatly angered the public, and Hoover's name began to have a bad connotation (empty pockets known as Hoover Flags, houses built out of cardboard known as Hoovervilles.) The public showed their outrage in the election of 1932, where they elected Franklin D. Roosevelt. During the first years of the Depression, Roosevelt had taken active steps by establishing the Temporary Emergency Relief Administration. His positive attitude and belief in directly helping citizens won over the public in a landslide victory.