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To me, being healthy goes beyond simply avoiding illness. Complete physical, mental, and social well-being are all essential components of good health. I feel healthy when my mind and body function smoothly and efficiently, allowing me to achieve my full potential. Additionally, social wellness is another important aspect of my overall health.

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There were several impacts of social determinants on the health of refugees and migrants in Australia.

o    Unemployment and job insecurity: Most of the refugees were facing the problem of unemployment and job insecurity due to several reasons like unrecognised qualifications and not having Australian job experience. Consequently, people were becoming depressed and distressed. Their mental health was deteriorating due to the hardships in getting work. In other words, feelings of stress was related to unemployment. (Ziersch et al., 2020).
o   Education: Most refugees were not getting recognised for their overseas qualifications in Australia. Therefore, they started feeling frustrated and demoralized and locked out of aspiration pathways.  (Ziersch et al., 2020). Additionally, refugees with reduced educational attainment had a lack of health literacy, which hindered them from understanding health information and getting access to healthcare services. (Bartolomei et al., 2019).
o   Housing, basic amenities, and the environment: Some people who had migrated or were refugees found problems when the size of bedrooms was small in comparison to the number of people in the family. This unsatisfying experience prevented positive integrity. (Ziersch et al., 2020). Moreover, this made them vulnerable to several kinds of infectious diseases and respiratory issues like asthma. (Kruk et al., 2010). (Thomson et al., 2001).

REFERENCES
Bartolomei, L., Atherley, K., & Mills, D. (2019). Health and social needs of refugee women in Western Australia. A review of the literature. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(15), 2690.
Kruk, M. E., Rockers, P. C., Williams, E. H., Varpilah, S. T., Macauley, R., Saydee, G., & Galea, S. (2010). Availability of essential health services in post-conflict Liberia. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 88(7), 527-534. https://doi.org/10.2471/blt.09.071068

Thomson, H., Petticrew, M., & Morrison, D. (2001). Health effects of housing improvement: Systematic review of intervention studies. BMJ, 323(7306), 187-190.
Ziersch, A., Miller, E., Baak, M., & Mwanri, L. (2020). Integration and social determinants of health and wellbeing for people from refugee backgrounds resettled in a rural town in South Australia: A qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09724-z

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I found the most significant element of competency standard 12.1 from Domain 7 was providing culturally respectful healthcare to migrant and refugee populations. I have improved my understanding of upholding the significance of mutual respect between patient and healthcare provider by developing skills like adequate communication, required cultural knowledge, appropriate manner to interact with the person and their culture, and flexible and responsive care to people from different cultures. Having learned the insight of sharing our knowledge and experiences of learning, living, and working together with respect and attentive listening. I now believe, I can create a space where identity challenges are eliminated. This knowledge was useful to me in the workplace because interacting appropriately with individuals based on their culture will be helpful.

REFERENCE

Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds. (n.d.). https://moodleprod.murdoch.edu.au/pluginfile.php/3573073/mod_resource/content/1/Culturally-responsive-clinical-practice-Working-with-people-from-migrant-and-refugee-backgrounds-Jan2019.pdf

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Flag of Iraq | History, meaning & design. (2001, February 9). Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Iraq

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Principal health issues that refugees face

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Principal health issues that refugees face

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As Australia has a rich history of accepting refugees and is home to a diverse, multicultural population of current immigrants. ("Get the facts: How many refugees make Australia their home each year?," 2022)
Many refugees seeking safety in Australia came from Iraq through the Refugee and Special Humanitarian Programs. They fled from sectarian violence which puts ethnic and religious minority groups at risk, as well as from radical Islamist terrorist organisations.(Evason, 2017)
Three health challenges mentioned in the Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide that were encountered by the individuals who came to Australia were Mental health concerns, Tuberculosis, and low vitamin D.(Heenan et al., 2018)
Mental health: Adjusting to life in a foreign country can be challenging and may lead to various mental health risks, such as PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Factors such as language barriers, housing and financial instability, unemployment, and loss of community and cultural connections can all contribute to these risks. One treatment option for patients with mental health issues is that they should be referred to counselling services, which can aid in addressing problems, broaden coping strategies, and provide a confidential environment to release emotional pressure
Low vitamin D: People of refugee background are at risk of developing low levels of vitamin D due to various lifestyle factors, such as having dark skin, wearing covering clothing, and less exposure to sunlight . To address this issue, a recommended treatment option is for the refugee population to take daily doses of vitamin D, along with proper calcium intake and sun exposure, as well as receiving proper management
Tuberculosis (TB): Tuberculosis (TB) is contracted when a person inhales droplets from someone with an active respiratory TB infection. Crowded places such as refugee camps can increase the risk of acquiring TB. If a person tests positive for TB using the TST test, they should be suggested to go to a clinician with experience in TB assessment and should communicate with a coordinated TB service for treatment. ("Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide," n.d.)

REFERENCES
Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide. (n.d.). Australian Refugee Health » Primary Care for People of Refugee Backgrounds. https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/
Evason, N. (2017). Iraqi culture - Iraqis in Australia. Cultural Atlas. https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/iraqi-culture/iraqi-culture-iraqis-in-australia
Get the facts: How many refugees make Australia their home each year? (2022, June 16). ASC. https://asylumseekerscentre.org.au/australia-refugee-intake/
Heenan, R. C., Volkman, T., Stokes, S., Tosif, S., Graham, H., Smith, A., Tran, D., & Paxton, G. (2018). ‘I think we've had a health screen’: New offshore screening, new refugee health guidelines, new Syrian and Iraqi cohorts: Recommendations, reality, results and review. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 55(1), 95-103. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.14142

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The art of Punjab was established by one of the artists Kanwar Singh. His paintings are a beautiful presentation of the lives and sacrifices of gurus and Sikh iconic, and history which instil values of kindness, humanity, and bravery into the minds of today’s generation globally.

REFERENCE

Beautiful Sikh art for your home by artist Kanwar Singh | Artofpunjab. (n.d.). ArtofPunjab. https://artofpunjab.com/en-au

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The most popular dress in Punjab among men was long kurta with Muktsari gown. However, it is now replaced by the tehmats. People in other parts of India admire the dress of Punjabi men. The traditional ghagra was worn by women. Now, it has been replaced by salwar kameez. The traditional dress of Punjab enhances the beauty of a woman who is wearing it.

REFERENCE

Punjabi traditional dresses and accessories - Holidify. (2019, November 21). Holidify | Discover Your Next Holiday | Trip Planner and Guides. https://www.holidify.com/pages/punjabi-dresses-208.html

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Bhangra history. (2021, March 9). Gurdeep.ca - Gurdeep Pandher of Yukon. https://gurdeep.ca/bhangra/bhangra-history/

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Bhangra is a type of music and dance that originated from the Punjab region in India. It was customary to celebrate a bountiful harvest by singing and dancing to the beat of the dhol drum. The dhol drum is a large traditional drum played with cane sticks that can produce different bass and treble sounds depending on the tension. Bhangra dance is known for its high-energy moves, including jumps, kicks, spins, and other vigorous movements that involve multiple dancers.

REFERENCE
Bhangra dance - Dance from around the world - Twinkl. (n.d.). Twinkl. https://www.twinkl.com.au/teaching-wiki/bhangra-dance

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Kheer: It is the sweet dish generally prepared on special occasions in North-Indian culture, especially among Punjabis.

Kheer recipe

Ø  Boil the milk in a deep pan.

Ø  Simmer the rice over low heat, stirring occasionally until it is cooked, and the milk thickens.

Ø  Once finished, include sugar.

Ø  Stir until the sugar is fully dissolved.

Ø  Place the contents into a dish suitable for serving, then add a decorative touch with some almonds.

NUTRITION VALUE IN KHEER
| Calories | 197.33 Kcal
| Protein | 4.3 gm.
| Fat | 6.28 gm.
| Saturated Fat | 5.18 gm.
| Carbohydrate | 26.98 gm.
| Fiber | 0.9 gm.
| Sodium | 25.7 mg.
| Potassium | 134.58 mg.
| Calcium | 106.01 mg.
| Iron | 0.55 mg.
| Zinc | 0.42 mg.

REFERENCES
Diabetic sweet - Kheer's nutritional value. (2018, November 2). Apollo Sugar Clinics. https://apollosugar.com/food-fitness/diet-tips/nutritional-value-in-sweets-kheer/

Rice Kheer recipe. (2011, April 21). NDTV Food. https://food.ndtv.com/recipe-kheer-100537

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Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) is known for its anti-inflammatory, antiaging, antiseptic, anticancer, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral properties. The part used of Aloe vera is leaf pulp juice, dried leaf pulp juice.

REFERENCES
Gryffyn, G. (2021, May 6). Fresh cut whole organic aloe Vera leaf / Live plant harvested. Etsy Australia - Shop for handmade, vintage, custom, and unique gifts for everyone. https://www.etsy.com/au/listing/930618038/fresh-cut-whole-organic-aloe-vera-leaf?gpla=1&gao=1&&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=shopping_au_en_au_c-bath_and_beauty-skin_care-moisturizers&utm_custom1=_k_Cj0KCQjw7JOpBhCfAR
(n.d.). Journal - IJET |- Research Trend. https://www.researchtrend.net/bfij/pdf/Medicinal%20Herbs%20of%20Punjab%20(India)-RENUKA%20RANI.pdf

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Limited, A. (n.d.). Golden temple Amritsar lit by Diya and fire crackers guru Purab festival and Diwali. Get creative with stock photos and videos from Alamy. h

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Diwali is known as the festival of lights. During this festival, homes and religious places like gurdwaras and temples are decorated with candles, diyas, and lights. In Sikhism, Diwali is celebrated from the time when the sixth guru, Guru Hargobind, released 52 princes from the imprisonment of cruel emperor Jahangir, in 1619.  People on Diwali worship and share sweets and love with each other. This festival indicates the rich and glorious past.

REFERENCE

Diwali. (n.d.). Brandeis University. https://www.brandeis.edu/spiritual-life/resources/guide-to-observances/diwali.html