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Tea Tree Tree, cited from The Australian Tea Tree Oil website, https://teatree.org.au/teatree_about_growing.php

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One commonly used Bush Medicine in Australia is the TeaTree (Melaleuca alternifolia). Which typically comes in an oil form. It can be used for many things, for example, the First Nations people used it to make tea, which helped to treat throat ailments (Sore or dry throat).

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Two of the most popular sports in Australia I believe are Australian Football and Australian Cricket. Popular sports like The Australian Football League and Cricket are some of the more commonly watched - especially in my household.
Sport and exercise play a vital role in health. Regular physical activity or exercise can help prevent and treat noncommunicable diseases such as heart disease, stroke and diabetes. It also helps prevent hypertension, overweight and obesity. It can also increase a person's quality of life by improving their mental health and well-being (WHO, 2023).

Citation:
World Health Organisation. “Sports and Health.” Www.who.int, 2023, www.who.int/initiatives/sports-and-health.

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This is a photo of Peter Garrett of Midnight Oil in 1988 taken by Will Burgess/Reuters, Cited below 

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I understand Australian music as music made by Australian Artists, which explores Australian culture. A song that I feel do this includes;
- "Beds Are Burning" by Midnight Oil (1987) - A protest song, discussing the First Nations People's rights to their land.
- "Waltzing Matilda" Originally written by Banjo Paterson in 1895
As seen in the song "Beds are Burning" music has the ability to bring light to political issues, send messages and tell stories as well as entertain people. Therefore music has the ability to influence people's opinions and perceptions of the world around them. This means that it could also influence people's health by using educating lyrics. Music can also improve a persons well being by making them feel happy and connected to those around them

Citation
Mueller, Andrew. “Australian Anthems: Midnight Oil – Beds Are Burning.” The Guardian, The Guardian, 14 Feb. 2017, www.theguardian.com/music/australia-culture-blog/2014/mar/11/midnight-oil-beds-are-burning-australian-anthems.

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"The Aboriginal Memorial" in the National Gallery of Australia. Cited from the NGA website https://nga.gov.au/first-nations/the-aboriginal-memorial/

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Australia is a very diverse country filled with many different kinds of people with very different backgrounds and cultures. However, growing up in this country the artwork that stands out to me as being unique Australian Art is the artwork done by the First Nations People.
The piece of Art featured above is called "The Aboriginal Memorial" and it was created by 43 people from the Ramingining, and other areas around it in the year 1987- 1988. This piece consists of 200 hollow log coffins (Dupun) which serve as a memorial for all the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander lives lost to colonial and ongoing conflict and trauma in Australia from 1788 to 1988, with each pole representing one year (National Gallery of Australia, 2022).
This art is a representation of the atrocities that the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have faced since colonisation. However, I believe it also shows how far Australia has come towards trying to reconcile with the First Nations People and close the gap. The ongoing trauma that these people have faced has caused numerous issues, but among them include a negative impact on the health and well-being of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
This Artwork makes me feel that although we have a long way to go as a nation, I feel glad that we are making some progress.

Information Cited from: National Gallery of Australia. “The Aboriginal Memorial.” National Gallery of Australia, 2022, nga.gov.au/first-nations/the-aboriginal-memorial/.

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Turkey and Cranberry Sausage rolls, made my The Healthy Mummy, cited on The Healthy Mummy Website: https://www.healthymummy.com/recipe/turkey-cranberry-sausage-

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One food that I feel is an important part of Australian culture is the Sausage roll. I feel like along with meat pies, sausage rolls are an Australian staple. People can buy them in gas stations, local bakeries, and cafes, they can also be homemade. Eating this food also reminds me of many good memories that I have had with my family especially one of my mother. The recipe I would like to share is one that my mother makes for us on special occasions like Christmas or during the holidays. Having the opportunity to make them with her has also taught me the importance of having variety in my diet.

Turkey and Cranberry Sausage Roll Recipe:

Ingredients:
- 3 Sheets of reduced fat puff pastry
- 2 carrots - roughly chopped
- 1 onion - peeled and roughly chopped
- 1/2 cup wholemeal breadcrumbs

- 400 grams of turkey mince

- 2 tsp crushed garlic

- 2 tsp dried rosemary

- 1 egg

- 1/2 cup dried cranberries

- 2 tbsp sesame seeds

- Salt and pepper to season

- 1/2 cup milk

Recipe:

1. Remove pastry from the freezer to defrost and preheat the oven to 180C.

2. Line two large baking trays with baking paper.

3. In a food processor, blitz carrots and onion for 30-45 seconds until no more large chunks remain, add turkey mince, breadcrumbs, garlic, rosemary and egg blitz for 30-45 seconds or until well combined. Add cranberries and blitz for a further 15 seconds to mix through.

4. Slice puff pastry sheets in half and spoon the mince mix lengthways down each half (leaving at least a centimetre pastry border down the side) of each puff pastry strip in a sausage shape.

5. Roll each pastry strip over tightly into a roll and seal the edges with a little milk. Brush a small amount of milk over the top of the pastry rolls so they brown in the oven. Cut each pastry roll in thirds so you have 6 rolls per sheet of puff pastry.

6. Place on the prepared trays and sprinkle with sesame seeds.

7. Bake rolls in a preheated oven for 20-30 minutes or until golden brown and cooked through.

Notes:
1 sausage roll is one serving and is 174 calories per serve

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Principal health issues that refugees may present with upon immigrating to Australia from Syria

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Principal health issues that refugees may present with upon immigrating to Australia from Syria

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Country of focus: Syria
Syria is a country located on the East Coast of the Mediterranean Sea in South-West Asia.  Beginning in 2011, The Syrian Refugee crisis has become one of the worlds largest refugee crisis's, causing more than 14 million people to flee their homes in search of safety (UNHCR, 2023). This crisis has been an amalgamation of extreme issues but began as a result of the Civil War that erupted in Syria. This Civil War started as a "violent crack-down"(UNHCR, 2023) on student protests against the Syrian Government involving extreme public demonstrations. This crisis was expedited at the beginning of this year when a devastating earthquake which struck the border between Turkey and Syria (Reid, 2021).
In response to the Conflict in Syria and Iraq the Australian Government announced that it would make "12,000 visas available to refugees seeking resettlement"(Karlsen, 2016). The Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (2022) also explained that the Australian Government has also provided around $525 million dollars in Humanitarian Support since 2011.
Three Common Health Concerns listed on the Australian Refugee Health Practice Guideline that are likely to affect refugees coming from Syria to Australia include Mental Health, Chronic non-communicable diseases in Adults and vitamin D deficiency.

Mental Health:
Mental Health is a state of mental well-being that enables people to cope with the stresses of life, realize their abilities, learn well and work well, and contribute to their community
One treatment available to refugees from Syria who suffer from poor mental health is the Transcultural Mental Health Line (1800 648 911) which is an on-call clinician that can help with mental health concerns.

Chronic non-communicable Diseases in Adults:
Chronic non-communicable Diseases are diseases which are diseases that cannot be spread between people and tend to last a long time.
Some of these include diabetes, cancers and chronic respiratory diseases (Asthma and COPD)
Medicare is available to asylum seekers and refugees which can help people attain quality health care.

Vitamin D deficiency:
Vitamin D deficiency occurs when people do not receive enough vitamin D to support normal body function.
People with a deficiency in vitamin D should commence treatment of either daily dosing or high-dose therapy of vitamin D

Citations:
DFAT (2022). Syria humanitarian response. [online] Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Available at: https://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/syria/syria-humanitarian-response [Accessed 10 Oct. 2023].

Foundation House (n.d.). Australian Refugee Health» Primary Care for People of Refugee Backgrounds. [online] Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide. Available at: https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/ [Accessed 10 Oct. 2023].

Karlsen, E. (2016). Refugee resettlement to Australia: what are the facts? – Parliament of Australia. [online] Aph.gov.au. Available at: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1617/RefugeeResettlement.

Reid, K. (2021). Syrian Refugee Crisis: Facts, FAQs, and How to Help | World Vision. [online] World Vision. Available at: https://www.worldvision.org/refugees-news-stories/syrian-refugee-crisis-facts.

UNHCR (2023). Syria Refugee Crisis Explained. [online] Unrefugees.org. Available at: https://www.unrefugees.org/news/syria-refugee-crisis-explained/.

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Social Determinants of Health; the impact social determinants can have on migrant/refugees in Australia

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Social Determinants of Health; the impact social determinants can have on migrant/refugees in Australia

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Social determinants of health are defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO, 2023) as non-medical factors that can influence a person's health outcome. This means that experiences and hardships that a person has lived through has the ability to influence the quality of their health. Some of the factors include income and social protection, education and early childhood development.

Income;
Refugees and Migrants seeking security and protection in Australia have come with few financial resources with the hope of rebuilding their lives away from the horrors that they have had to flee from. Also, they likely do not understand the way finances work in Australia, causing them to take out loans or spend money they don't have. For this reason, Refugees are disadvantaged as without income they are unable to pay for essentials such as food, shelter of a decent quality and health care. This could mean that they would have to make decisions that could put their health at risk, leading to poorer health outcomes. Also living in less than ideal housing situations can pose a risk to health.

Education:
The state of the country in which refugees and migrants reside can determine whether a person is able to be educated or not. In a country plagued by war, you could imagine that being able to attend school would be incredibly difficult and risky. A study done by the UNHCR showed that as refugee children grow older, the barriers preventing them from accessing education become harder to overcome (United Nations, 2018). This study found that "only 63 per cent of refugee children go to primary school, compared to 91 per cent globally and around the world, 84 per cent of adolescents get a secondary education, while only 24 per cent of refugees get the opportunity"(United Nations, 2018) . Education level has the ability to affect health outcomes as without health knowledge a person may not know when they need medical attention or how to receive it. Furthermore Education level can directly affect a person's income which can then affect the quality of health care a person can receive.

Citations:
Nations, United. “Refugee Education in Crisis: More than Half of the World’s School-Age Refugee Children Do Not Get an Education.” United Nations, www.un.org/en/academic-impact/refugee-education-crisis-more-half-worlds-school-age-refugee-children-do-not-get.

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This is Page 30 of the Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds. Cited Below 

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For me, I believe the most useful or relevant section of the competency standard 12.3 was the importance of being committed to principles of person-centred care and family-focused Care. Over this year, I have learned what person-centred care and family-focused care are and how present-day nurses care for patients and their families in this way. In doing this I feel like I have become more prepared for my upcoming placement because I understand the basic principles of a person-centred care approach and will have the opportunity to reinforce it through practice. However, I also have realised that there is a lot more to nursing than I had originally thought, specifically the importance of recognising that health is not solely based on injury, but emotional, spiritual and social well-being as well. It is essential to me in the workplace because as a future nurse, I will be responsible for the health of all sorts of people and I believe that every person on this earth deserves high-quality and easily accessible health care.

Citation:

Migrant and Refugee Women’s Health Partnership. Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds COMPETENCY STANDARDS FRAMEWORK for CLINICIANS. 19 Feb. 2019.

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A photo of me, enjoying a healthy breakfast made by a local cafe 

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Health to me means a state in which a person is physically, mentally and spiritually well. I believe that health is a something that is measured by a persons whole existence, not just their current state of illness and injury. I feel healthy when my body is functioning correctly and I am mentally and emotionally stable.