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If sensory issues are persistent and significantly affect daily activities.

If basic strategies do not seem to alleviate the sensory challenges.

If behaviours related to sensory processing become more extreme or distressing.

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Sensory issues significantly impact daily functioning.

There is consistent emotional distress related to sensory inputs.

Strategies to manage sensory challenges aren't working.

A referral to an Occupational Therapist (OT) may be necessary for a more thorough assessment and individualised intervention plan.

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FAQ for Occupational Therapy and Sensory Processing Disorder

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FAQ for Occupational Therapy and Sensory Processing Disorder

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FAQ for Occupational Therapy and Sensory Processing Disorder

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Sensory Smart Seamless socks & more for sensory sensitive kids

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Sensory Smart Seamless socks & more for sensory sensitive kids

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Seamless Socks, seamfree underwear & clothing for sensory-sensitive kids & adults. ASD, Autism, Sensory Processing Disorder, sensory seeking, AFO, KAFO, splints, braces, Eczema, Diabetes, Neuropathy

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Herefordshire & Worcestershire Health and Care NHS

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Strategies to help with vestibular over-responsiveness

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Strategies to help with vestibular over-responsiveness

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Provide gradual exposure to movement: Start with slow and gentle movements, gradually increasing the intensity and speed as the child becomes more comfortable.

Create a predictable environment: Minimise unexpected movements or changes in position to reduce anxiety and sensory overload.

Offer sensory breaks: Provide opportunities for the child to take breaks from sensory stimulation, allowing them to regulate their arousal levels.

Use calming techniques: Teach the child relaxation techniques such as deep breathing or progressive muscle relaxation to help manage anxiety related to vestibular stimulation.

Modify activities: Adapt activities to reduce sensory input, such as slowing down the speed of swings or providing support during balance activities.

Provide reassurance: Offer verbal reassurance and support to help the child feel safe and secure during movement-based activities.

Encourage self-regulation: Teach the child to recognise their own sensory needs and advocate for themselves by asking for breaks or modifying activities as needed.

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Strategies to help children with vestibular under-responsiveness

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Strategies to help children with vestibular under-responsiveness

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Provide vestibular input: Encourage activities that involve movement and changes in position, such as swinging, spinning, rocking, or bouncing on a therapy ball. Gradually increase the intensity and duration of these activities to help stimulate the vestibular system.

Incorporate sensory-rich environments: Create environments with a variety of sensory experiences, including vestibular input. Use equipment like swings, balance beams, or trampolines to provide opportunities for movement and sensory stimulation.

Encourage active play: Encourage participation in physical activities that involve movement and coordination, such as sports, dance, or gymnastics. Provide opportunities for outdoor play and exploration to engage the vestibular systems.

Use sensory breaks: Schedule regular sensory breaks throughout the day to allow the child to engage in movement-based activities. Incorporate activities like jumping jacks, marching in place, or dancing to provide quick bursts of vestibular input.

Provide proprioceptive input: Combine vestibular input with proprioceptive input by incorporating activities that involve heavy work or resistance, such as pushing or pulling heavy objects, crawling through tunnels, or climbing on playground equipment.

Gradual exposure: Introduce movement-based activities gradually, starting with slower, less intense movements and gradually increasing the intensity and speed as the child becomes more comfortable.

Offer choices: Allow the child to choose the type of movement-based activities they enjoy and feel comfortable with, empowering them to take control of their sensory experiences.

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Seeking out intense or fast-paced movements to feel sensory input, such as spinning in circles or seeking out roller coasters.

Engaging in rough play or excessive movement to stimulate the vestibular system.

Difficulty maintaining attention or arousal levels during sedentary activities.

Appearing lethargic or disinterested in physical activities that involve movement or changes in position.

Preferring activities with minimal movement or sensory input, such as sitting quietly or watching TV.

Delayed or impaired motor skills, including balance and coordination difficulties.

Difficulty with spatial awareness or understanding one's position in relation to objects or surroundings.

Sensory-seeking behaviours , such as constantly rocking or swaying, to self-stimulate the vestibular system.

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Signs of vestibular over-responsiveness 

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Signs of vestibular over-responsiveness 

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Motion sickness or nausea in response to movement, such as swinging, spinning, or riding in a car.

Avoidance of activities involving heights, fast spinning, or sudden movements.

Difficulty maintaining balance and coordination, leading to frequent falls or clumsiness.

Fear or anxiety related to movement or changes in position.

Discomfort or sensory overload in crowded or visually stimulating environments.

Preference for sedentary activities and reluctance to engage in physical play or sports.

Difficulty focusing or paying attention, especially during activities that involve movement.

Strong emotional reactions, such as crying or tantrums, when exposed to vestibular stimulation.

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Strategies to help with proprioceptive under-responsiveness

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Strategies to help with proprioceptive under-responsiveness

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Provide sensory-rich environments: Create environments with a variety of sensory experiences, including tactile, proprioceptive, and vestibular input. Incorporate activities like climbing, jumping, and heavy lifting to stimulate the proprioceptive system.

Use sensory tools: Provide sensory tools such as therapy balls, weighted blankets, or sensory brushes to increase proprioceptive input throughout the day.

Offer sensory activities: Encourage activities that provide deep pressure and proprioceptive input, such as pushing or pulling heavy objects, carrying weighted backpacks, or engaging in activities that require resistance, like using resistance bands.

Incorporate heavy work: Integrate heavy work activities into the child's daily routine, such as carrying groceries, pushing a loaded trolley, or helping with household chores like vacuuming or sweeping.

Provide clear feedback: Offer clear feedback during activities to help the child develop awareness of their body's movements and positioning. Use verbal cues or visual demonstrations to guide them through activities that require proprioceptive input.

Use sensory breaks: Schedule regular sensory breaks throughout the day to allow the child to engage in activities that provide proprioceptive input, such as jumping on a trampoline, crashing into pillows, or engaging in rough-and-tumble play.

Encourage physical activity: Encourage participation in sports or recreational activities that involve physical exertion and proprioceptive input, such as martial arts, gymnastics, or swimming.

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Strategies to help with proprioceptive over-responsiveness

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Strategies to help with proprioceptive over-responsiveness

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Provide deep pressure input: Offer activities that provide deep pressure input to the muscles and joints, such as jumping on a trampoline, using therapy balls, or engaging in heavy work activities like pushing or pulling heavy objects.

Create a sensory-friendly environment: Designate a quiet, calm space where the child can retreat if feeling overwhelmed. Consider using weighted blankets or vests to provide constant deep pressure input throughout the day.

Incorporate sensory breaks: Schedule regular sensory breaks throughout the day to allow the child to engage in activities that provide proprioceptive input, such as pushing or pulling heavy objects, jumping on a mini-trampoline, or engaging in wall pushes.

Offer choices: Allow the child to choose the type and duration of sensory activities they engage in, empowering them to take control of their sensory needs.

Use proprioceptive-friendly tools: Provide tools and equipment that offer proprioceptive input, such as chewy toys, fidget tools, or resistance bands, which can help regulate sensory input throughout the day.

Gradual exposure: Introduce sensory activities gradually, starting with less intense activities and gradually increasing the intensity as the child becomes more comfortable.

Model and encourage self-regulation: Teach the child self-regulation techniques, such as deep breathing or progressive muscle relaxation, to help them manage sensory overload and regulate their responses to sensory input.

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Signs of proprioceptive over-responsiveness 

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Signs of proprioceptive over-responsiveness 

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Hypersensitivity to touch, leading to discomfort or pain from light pressure.

Avoidance of activities that involve heavy lifting or deep pressure.

Preference for loose clothing to minimise tactile stimulation.

Difficulty with fine motor tasks due to an aversion to firm touch or pressure.

Strong reactions to unexpected or sudden movements.

Tension or rigidity in muscles, particularly when exposed to tactile stimuli.

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Difficulty with balance and coordination.

Frequent clumsiness or bumping into objects.

Reduced sensitivity to touch or pressure.

Seeking out intense sensory input (e.g., heavy lifting, deep pressure).

Appearing unaware of their body's position in space.

Difficulty judging the force needed for activities like writing or holding objects.

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Here are a few different sensory tools you could explore with your child in just 15 minutes or less to help re-balance their nervous system after a long day at school. *Remember, not every child responds to sensory input the same, you’ll need to observe to see how your child responds and pick the one that seems to work best*

😮‍💨 Breath work- add a visual component to help pace them through a calming breathing pattern, with a slow exhale.

👀 Visual input- you might think about something you can add for them to look at, like an i-spy book or sensory bottle

🖐🏼 Something to squeeze- like a stress ball

👄Something safe to chew on- we love chew toys or gum

🧩Some hands on play that they can do independently and winds them down- block building, ledges, coloring, drawing etc

👉🏼Something with texture to touch- maybe a soft lovey or a flip sequin pillow

💃Deep pressure and movement- we love a good burrito roll with deep pressure, you could also jump into a pillow pile.

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41K views · 2.9K likes | Laura Petix | Neurodivergent parenting on Instagram: "Happy back to school season, parents! 

I am so honored to have joined @beginlearning in support of their #BeginWith15 back to school initiative.

When they asked if I had any tips for activities to help parents with after school sensory and emotional regulation, I said ABSOLUTELY.

When they asked if it could be done in under 15 minutes, I said… YUP!

Here are a few different sensory tools you could explore with your child in just 15 minutes or less to help re-balance their nervous system after a long day at school. 

*Remember, not every child responds to sensory input the same, you’ll need to observe to see how your child responds and pick the one that seems to work best*

😮‍💨 Breath work- add a visual component to help pace them through a calming breathing pattern, with a slow exhale. 

👀 Visual input- you might think about something you can add for them to look at, like an i-spy book or sensory bottle

🖐🏼 Something to squeeze- like a stress ball

👄Something safe to chew on- we love chew toys or gum 

🧩Some hands on play that they can do independently and winds them down- block building, ledges, coloring, drawing etc

👉🏼Something with texture to touch- maybe a soft lovey or a flip sequin pillow

💃Deep pressure and movement- we love a good burrito roll with deep pressure, you could also jump into a pillow pile.

The key is- every child may be coming home with a dysregulated nervous system, and there are some quick ways to help reset the nervous system utilizing sensory strategies!

#afterschool #activitiesforkids #selfregulation #calmingtools #sensoryregulation #sensorytools #neurodivergent #neurodiversity #preschoolactivities #activitiesforkids #mindfulness #instaparent"

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2,907 likes, 77 comments -  theotbutterflyAugust 30, 2023 on : "Happy back to school season, parents! 

I am so honored to have joined @beginlearning in support of their #BeginWith15 back to school ini...". 

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 Courtney English | Pediatric Occupational Therapist on Instagram

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If your child is a sensory seeker and you can’t seem to help them regulate their body- try these things:

1. Make movement rhythmic and goal oriented
2. Make heavy work goal oriented and purposeful
3. Connect and be silly when offering regulating input
4. Offer playful breathwork
5. Add visual targets when jumping

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 Courtney English | Pediatric Occupational Therapist on Instagram: "If your child is a sensory seeker and you can’t seem to help them regulate their body- try these things: 

1. Make movement rhythmic and goal oriented 
2. Make heavy work goal oriented and purposeful 
3. Connect and be silly when offering regulating input 
4. Offer playful breathwork 
5. Add visual targets when jumping 

Comment below to learn more about regulation supports! 

#Momsofinstagram #toddlermom #preschoolmom #regulation #sensoryplay #sensorykids #sensoryprocessing #pediatricot #pediatricoccupationaltherapy"

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5,840 likes, 131 comments -  courtneyenglish.otApril 11, 2024 on : "If your child is a sensory seeker and you can’t seem to help them regulate their body- try these things: 

1. Make movement rhythmic an...". 

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 Courtney English | Pediatric Occupational Therapist on Instagram

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By taking 10-15 before bed time to do these regulating activities, your child will be able to feel more calm, organised, and safe in their body before bed!

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 Courtney English | Pediatric Occupational Therapist on Instagram: "By taking 10-15 before bed time to do these regulating activities, your child will be able to feel more calm, organized, and safe in their body before bed! 

Comment “bed time” and I will message you links of products I recommend to use for self regulation before bed! 

#momsofinstagram #toddlermom #preschoolmom #regulation #sensoryplay #sensorykids #sensoryprocessing #pediatricot #pediatricoccupationaltherapy #occupationaltherapy"

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36K likes, 2,723 comments -  courtneyenglish.otDecember 13, 2023 on : "By taking 10-15 before bed time to do these regulating activities, your child will be able to feel more calm, organized, and safe in thei...". 

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 Courtney English | Pediatric Occupational Therapist on Instagram

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Proactive regulation strategies don’t have to be difficult! It can be built into routine and play easily!

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 Courtney English | Pediatric Occupational Therapist on Instagram: "Proactive regulation strategies don’t have to be difficult! It can be built into routine and play easily! 

Comment below to learn more about this! Where do you or your child struggle most with regulation? Would love to help support you! 

#Momsofinstagram #toddlermom #preschoolmom #regulation #sensoryplay #sensorykids #sensoryprocessing #pediatricot #pediatricoccupationaltherapy #occupationaltherapy"

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1,798 likes, 153 comments -  courtneyenglish.otApril 3, 2024 on : "Proactive regulation strategies don’t have to be difficult! It can be built into routine and play easily! 

Comment below to learn more...". 

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Strategies for an over-responsive interoceptive system 

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Strategies for an over-responsive interoceptive system 

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Provide sensory breaks: Offer opportunities for individuals to take breaks in quiet, calming environments when they become overwhelmed by internal sensations, allowing them to regulate their arousal levels and reduce sensory input.

Use deep pressure techniques: Implement deep pressure activities such as weighted blankets, compression garments, or firm hugs to provide calming sensory input and help individuals regulate their sensory processing.

Practice relaxation techniques: Teach individuals relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, or mindfulness meditation to help them manage stress and anxiety associated with heightened interoceptive sensations.

Offer sensory-friendly environments: Create sensory-friendly spaces with dim lighting, comfortable seating, and minimal background noise to reduce sensory overload and promote relaxation and self-regulation.

Provide choice and control: Offer individuals choices and opportunities for control over their sensory environment and activities, empowering them to make decisions that support their sensory needs and preferences.

Implement sensory diet strategies: Develop personalized sensory diets or schedules that incorporate a balance of sensory experiences throughout the day, including activities that provide both calming and alerting input.

Use visual supports: Use visual schedules, checklists, or timers to help individuals anticipate and prepare for sensory experiences or transitions, providing predictability and reducing anxiety.

Offer sensory tools: Provide access to sensory tools such as fidget toys, stress balls, or chewelry to help individuals regulate their sensory input and manage stress and anxiety in challenging situations.

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Strategies for an under-responsive interoceptive system

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Strategies for an under-responsive interoceptive system

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Establish routines: Create consistent daily routines for eating, drinking, sleeping, and self-care activities to help individuals develop awareness of and respond to their bodily needs at regular intervals.

Use visual cues: Use visual reminders, such as charts, schedules, or alarms, to prompt individuals to engage in self-care activities, eat meals, or take breaks throughout the day.

Incorporate sensory input: Provide sensory-rich environments and activities that stimulate the senses and promote awareness of bodily sensations, such as textured surfaces, weighted blankets, or sensory toys.

Mindful body scanning: Encourage individuals to practice body scanning exercises, where they systematically focus on different parts of their body to notice and tune into internal sensations.

Provide external feedback: Offer external cues or feedback to help individuals recognise and interpret internal bodily signals, such as describing the physical signs of hunger or thirst and linking them to specific actions.

Sensory diets: Implement personalised sensory diets or schedules that incorporate a variety of sensory experiences throughout the day to promote awareness and responsiveness to internal sensations.

Encourage self-expression: Provide opportunities for individuals to express their physical and emotional experiences through art, movement, or verbal communication, fostering self-awareness and self-expression.

Use social modeling: Model and reinforce healthy self-care habits and self-awareness skills through your own actions and interactions, providing positive examples for individuals to follow.

Break tasks into manageable steps: Break down self-care tasks and daily activities into smaller, manageable steps, providing clear instructions and guidance to support individuals in completing them independently.

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Signs of an under-responsive interoceptive system

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Signs of an under-responsive interoceptive system

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Reduced awareness of bodily signals: Individuals may have difficulty recognising and interpreting internal sensations such as hunger, thirst, fatigue, or pain.

Lack of response to physiological needs: They may overlook or ignore bodily signals indicating hunger, thirst, or the need for rest, leading to irregular eating, drinking, or sleeping patterns.

3. Insensitivity to temperature changes: They may not notice changes in body temperature, such as feeling cold or overheated, which can affect their comfort and well-being.

4. Delayed or diminished emotional responses: Individuals may have difficulty recognising and responding to their own emotions, as well as the emotions of others, leading to challenges in social interactions and relationships.

Poor self-care habits: Due to decreased awareness of bodily needs, they may neglect personal hygiene, nutrition, and medical care, resulting in health issues or self-neglect.

Lack of body awareness: They may exhibit clumsiness or poor coordination due to reduced awareness of their body's position and movements in space.

Limited ability to detect pain: Individuals may have a higher pain tolerance or may not notice injuries or physical discomfort, potentially leading to delayed treatment or exacerbation of injuries.

Reduced ability to regulate arousal levels: They may have difficulty recognising and managing changes in arousal levels, such as stress or anxiety, leading to challenges in self-regulation and emotional stability.

Decreased interoceptive accuracy: They may have difficulty accurately perceiving and interpreting internal bodily sensations, leading to challenges in making decisions and responding adaptively to their environment.

Impaired self-awareness: Due to reduced awareness of internal bodily sensations, individuals may have limited insight into their physical and emotional states, making it challenging to monitor and manage their overall well-being.

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Signs of an overactive interoceptive system

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Signs of an overactive interoceptive system

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Heightened awareness of bodily sensations: Individuals may be acutely aware of internal bodily processes such as heartbeat, breathing, or digestion, sometimes to the point of distraction or discomfort.

Hypersensitivity to physical stimuli: Even mild sensations such as clothing textures, room temperature, or light touch may be perceived as overwhelming or intolerable.

Heightened emotional responses: Overactivity in the interoceptive system can lead to heightened emotional responses to bodily sensations, resulting in anxiety, panic attacks, or mood swings.

Difficulty regulating arousal levels: Individuals may struggle to regulate their physiological arousal levels, experiencing fluctuations between states of hyperarousal (e.g., heightened stress or agitation) and hypoarousal (e.g., lethargy or fatigue).

Sensitivity to pain: Overactive interoception can manifest as increased sensitivity to pain or discomfort, with individuals experiencing pain more intensely or frequently than others.

Hypochondria or health anxiety: Constant monitoring and interpretation of bodily sensations may lead to excessive worry or preoccupation with perceived health concerns, even in the absence of medical issues.

Avoidance behaviours: Individuals may avoid activities or situations that trigger strong interoceptive sensations, leading to avoidance of social events, physical activity, or certain foods.

Digestive issues: Overactivity in the interoceptive system may manifest as gastrointestinal symptoms such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), indigestion, or nausea.

Sleep disturbances: Heightened awareness of bodily sensations can interfere with sleep, leading to difficulties falling asleep or staying asleep, and disrupted sleep patterns.

Impaired self-regulation: Overactive interoception can interfere with the ability to self-regulate emotions, behaviors, and physiological responses, leading to challenges in managing stress, anxiety, and arousal levels.

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Strategies for an over-responsive olfactory system 

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Strategies for an over-responsive olfactory system 

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Create a scent-safe zone: Establish a designated area in the home or classroom where strong smells are minimised or prohibited, providing a safe space for the child to retreat to when overwhelmed.

Use unscented products: Opt for unscented or hypoallergenic personal care products, cleaning supplies, and household items to reduce exposure to strong odours in the child's environment.

Provide sensory tools: Offer sensory tools such as scented putty, aroma diffusers with mild scents, or scented stickers for the child to use as a calming or grounding activity when exposed to overwhelming smells.

Practice deep breathing: Teach the child deep breathing exercises to help them relax and manage their response to strong smells, encouraging them to take slow, deep breaths when they encounter odours that trigger discomfort.

Gradual exposure: Gradually expose the child to mild or tolerable smells in a controlled manner, gradually increasing exposure over time to desensitise their olfactory system and build tolerance to stronger odours.

Use visual cues: Use visual cues such as pictures or symbols to help the child anticipate and prepare for situations where strong smells may be present, providing a sense of control and predictability.

Provide sensory breaks: Offer opportunities for sensory breaks in environments with strong odors, allowing the child to take a break in a quiet, odour-free space to regulate their sensory input.

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Signs of an over-responsive olfactory system

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Signs of an over-responsive olfactory system

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Strong aversion to certain smells: Children may react strongly to common odours such as perfumes, cleaning products, or cooking smells, expressing discomfort or disgust.

Avoidance of scented environments: Children may actively avoid places with strong or overwhelming smells, such as crowded areas, restaurants, or public transportation.

Physical discomfort: Exposure to strong odours may trigger physical symptoms such as headaches, nausea, sneezing, or watery eyes in children.

Sensitivity to personal care products: Children may resist using scented personal care items such as soaps, shampoos, or lotions, expressing dislike or discomfort with their fragrance.

Difficulty concentrating: Strong smells may distract children, making it challenging for them to focus or engage in activities in environments with overpowering odours.

Social challenges: Children may experience difficulty participating in social activities or gatherings where strong smells are present, leading to feelings of isolation or exclusion.

Emotional responses: Strong smells may elicit emotional reactions such as irritability, anxiety, or frustration in children with an over-responsive olfactory system.

Preference for bland environments: Children may express a preference for environments with minimal or neutral odors, seeking out quiet, odor-free spaces to feel more comfortable.

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Strategies for an under-responsive olfactory system

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Strategies for an under-responsive olfactory system

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Visual and tactile cues: Use visual and tactile cues to help children identify and interact with their environment, such as labelling items and using timers for cooking.

Engage other senses: Enhance eating experiences by focusing on texture, temperature, and flavor, and incorporate visually appealing presentations to make meals more enticing.

Experiment with flavours: Encourage trying a variety of seasonings and sauces to add interest and excitement to meals, relying more on taste and texture cues.

Safety education: Teach children about safety measures like checking food expiration dates and recognising danger signs, compensating for their reduced sense of smell.

Use scented products strategically: Introduce scented personal care items or air fresheners to create a more pleasant environment and stimulate their olfactory system.

Aromatic experiences: Engage children in activities that stimulate their sense of smell, such as cooking together, exploring gardens, or trying aromatherapy.

Safety precautions: Install smoke detectors and carbon monoxide alarms at home to ensure safety in case children have difficulty detecting these dangers by smell.

Label and organise: labelling items in the home can help children identify them without relying solely on scent cues, promoting independence and safety.

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Signs of an under-responsive olfactory system

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Signs of an under-responsive olfactory system

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Reduced response to smells: Difficulty noticing or reacting to common odors like food cooking, flowers, or perfume.

Picky eating habits: Children may show a lack of interest in food due to the inability to smell aromas, leading to poor appetite or selective eating.

Safety concerns: Difficulty detecting dangers like smoke, gas leaks, or spoiled food, posing potential risks to their well-being.

Limited enjoyment of sensory experiences: Reduced ability to appreciate the pleasant scents of nature, cooking, or scented products.

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Instagram is a great resource for hints and tips for children who are picky eaters.
Have a look at @feedingpickykids or search hashtags such as #pickyeatingtips #foodplay #pickyeaters

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Have a look at this NHS advice on fussy eating

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It's natural to worry whether your child is getting enough food if they refuse to eat sometimes.
But it's perfectly normal for toddlers to refuse to eat or even taste new foods.

Do not worry about what your child eats in a day or if they do not eat everything at mealtimes. It's more helpful to think about what they eat over a week.

If your child is active and gaining weight, and they seem well, then they're getting enough to eat.

As long as your child eats some food from the 4 main food groups (fruit and vegetables; potatoes, bread, rice, pasta and other starchy carbohydrates; dairy or dairy alternatives; and beans, pulses, fish, eggs, meat and other proteins) you do not need to worry. Find out more about what to feed young children.

Gradually introduce other foods and keep going back to the foods your child did not like before. Children's tastes change. One day they'll hate something, but a month later they may love it.

Keep offering a variety of foods - it may take lots of attempts before your child accepts some foods.

Tips for parents of fussy eaters

Give your child the same food as the rest of the family, but remember not to add salt to your child's food. Check the label of any food product you use to make family meals.

The best way for your child to learn to eat and enjoy new foods is to copy you. Try to eat with them as often as you can.

Give small portions and praise your child for eating, even if they only eat a little.

If your child rejects the food, do not force them to eat it. Just take the food away without saying anything. Try to stay calm, even if it's very frustrating. Try the food again another time.

Do not leave meals until your child is too hungry or tired to eat.

Your child may be a slow eater, so be patient.

Do not give your child too many snacks between meals - 2 healthy snacks a day is plenty.

Do not to use food as a reward. Your child may start to think of sweets as nice and vegetables as nasty. Instead, reward them with a trip to the park or promise to play a game with them.

Make mealtimes enjoyable and not just about eating. Sit down and chat about other things.

If you know any other children of the same age who are good eaters, ask them round for tea. But do not talk too much about how good the other children are.

Ask an adult that your child likes and looks up to to eat with you. Sometimes a child will eat for someone else, such as a grandparent, without any fuss.

Changing how you serve a food may make it more appealing. For example, your child might refuse cooked carrots but enjoy raw grated carrot.

Further information

Video: How do I manage a fussy eater? (18 to 30 months)

This video explains how to manage a fussy eater.

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Read advice and tips for parents of fussy eaters or children who have problems with eating.

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Strategies to manage an over-responsive gustatory system

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Strategies to manage an over-responsive gustatory system

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Introduce new foods gradually: Start by introducing small amounts of new foods with mild flavours to help children become accustomed to different tastes without overwhelming their senses.

Make food fun: Get creative with food presentation by arranging colourful fruits and vegetables in fun shapes or creating playful food combinations to make the eating experience more enjoyable for children.

Offer familiar favourites: Include familiar, well-liked foods in meals to provide a sense of comfort and security, especially if the child is hesitant to try new flavours .

Use dips and sauces: Encourage children to dip foods into flavourful sauces or dips to mask strong tastes or add variety to their meals.

Involve children in meal preparation: Allow children to participate in age-appropriate cooking activities, such as mixing ingredients or choosing toppings, to increase their engagement with food and empower them to explore new flavors.

Provide choices: Offer children a variety of food options to choose from during meals, allowing them to select foods they enjoy while also gently encouraging exposure to new tastes.

Practice positive reinforcement: Praise children for trying new foods or for showing interest in exploring different flavours, reinforcing their willingness to experiment with their taste preferences.

Be patient and persistent: Recognise that it may take time for children to adjust to new flavours and textures, and continue to offer a diverse range of foods in a supportive and non-pressured environment.

Create a sensory-friendly mealtime environment: Minimise distractions during mealtime, such as loud noises or overly stimulating visuals, to help children focus on the sensory experience of eating.

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Strategies for an under-responsive gustatory system

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Strategies for an under-responsive gustatory system

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Experiment with different flavours: Try a variety of herbs, spices, and seasonings to add depth and richness to meals.

Focus on texture: Incorporate foods with contrasting textures, such as crunchy vegetables or creamy dips, to enhance the sensory experience of eating.

Gradually increase flavour intensity: Slowly expose yourself to more flavourful foods over time to help retrain your taste buds and increase sensitivity.

Mindful eating: Pay close attention to the taste, texture, and aroma of each bite, savoring the experience to enhance enjoyment.

Experiment with temperature: Temperature can impact taste perception, so try foods at different temperatures (hot, cold, room temperature) to see if it affects your experience.

Engage other senses: Enhance the overall eating experience by focusing on presentation, aroma, and even the sounds associated with cooking and eating.

Practice mindful chewing: Chew your food thoroughly and slowly to fully experience the flavors and textures, allowing your taste buds more time to register the sensations.

Be patient and persistent: It may take time to retrain your taste buds and improve sensitivity, so be patient with yourself and stay committed to exploring new flavours and culinary experiences.

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Signs of Gustatory Under-responsiveness 

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Signs of Gustatory Under-responsiveness 

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Lack of enjoyment in eating: Food may taste bland or flavorless, leading to a reduced pleasure in eating.

Difficulty detecting subtle flavors: Individuals may struggle to distinguish between different tastes, such as sweet, sour, salty, and bitter.

Preference for intensely flavored foods: Seeking out strongly flavored or spicy foods to compensate for the lack of taste sensitivity.

Unusual eating habits: Overuse of condiments, excessive seasoning, or adding extra salt and sugar to enhance flavour .

Reduced appetite: Diminished taste perception can lead to decreased interest in eating, potentially resulting in weight loss or poor nutrition.

Lack of response to spoiled or rancid food: Failing to detect when food has gone bad due to reduced taste sensitivity.

Social implications: Difficulty in social situations involving food, as taste-related experiences are diminished, affecting enjoyment and participation in shared meals.

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Heightened sensitivity to taste: Even mild flavours may be perceived as overpowering or intense.

Strong aversion to certain tastes: Foods or beverages that are typically enjoyable may become unpalatable.

Increased sensitivity to texture: Foods with certain textures may be difficult to tolerate or cause discomfort.

Quick onset of taste-related discomfort: Symptoms such as nausea or headaches may occur rapidly after consuming certain foods or drinks.

Difficulty in distinguishing between flavours : Over-reactivity can lead to an inability to discern subtle differences in taste.

Avoidance of certain foods or food groups: Individuals may restrict their diet to avoid triggering their overreactive gustatory system.

Impact on social interactions: Difficulty dining out or attending social gatherings where food is served due to taste-related issues.

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Strategies for Visual Over-responsivness 

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Strategies for Visual Over-responsivness 

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Use adjustable lighting options such as dimmer switches or curtains to regulate brightness levels.

Consider using sunglasses, tinted lenses, or computer screen filters to reduce glare and harsh lighting.

Take regular breaks from visually stimulating environments. Close your eyes, cover them with your hands, or focus on a neutral object to rest your eyes.

Create environments with clear organisation and minimal visual clutter to reduce sensory overload.

Use visual schedules or organisers to help predict and prepare for upcoming events or activities, reducing anxiety.

Introduce preferred or calming visual stimuli, such as nature scenes or artwork, to counteract overwhelming visuals.

Customise work or living spaces with soft, non-glare surfaces, and soothing colours to create a calming environment.

While not directly related to visual stimuli, noise-canceling headphones can help minimise distractions and create a more sensory-friendly environment.

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Strategies for Visual Under-responsiveness 

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Strategies for Visual Under-responsiveness 

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Provide opportunities for exposure to a variety of visually stimulating activities and environments to increase sensory input.

Use visually engaging materials and toys with bright colours, contrasting patterns, or moving parts to capture attention and promote visual exploration.

Use visual cues, prompts, or gestures to draw attention to important visual information or cues in the environment.

Provide visual supports such as visual schedules, checklists, or diagrams to help organise tasks and provide structure.

Incorporate multi-sensory activities that combine visual stimuli with other sensory modalities, such as tactile or auditory input, to increase engagement and arousal levels.

Use sensory-rich experiences such as sensory bins, light tables, or visual art activities to encourage exploration and interaction with visual stimuli.

Practice visual tracking exercises to improve eye movement control and visual attention, such as following moving objects or tracking lines or shapes with the eyes.

Use visual tracking games or activities that require tracking objects or following visual patterns to strengthen visual processing skills.

Establish predictable routines and environments to provide a sense of structure and familiarity, which can help reduce anxiety and increase engagement with visual stimuli.

Use consistent visual cues or prompts to signal transitions and changes in activities to help individuals anticipate and prepare for visual changes.

Create visually organised and uncluttered environments with clear visual boundaries and minimal distractions to help individuals focus on relevant visual information.

Use visual supports such as colour coding, labels, or visual timers to enhance organisation and structure in the environment.

Encourage active engagement with visual stimuli through interactive activities, such as sorting objects by colour or shape, completing puzzles, or playing visual matching games.

Provide opportunities for exploration and discovery through visually stimulating activities such as nature walks, museum visits, or art projects.

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Showing minimal or delayed reactions to changes in visual stimuli, such as failing to respond to sudden movements or environmental changes.

Demonstrating a lack of interest or engagement in visually stimulating activities, such as not looking at colourful toys or pictures.

Appearing unaware or indifferent to bright lights or visual distractions in the environment.

Exhibiting reduced visual exploration or scanning behaviors, such as limited eye contact or a lack of visual curiosity.

Taking longer than expected to process visual information or respond to visual cues, such as delayed reactions to visual instructions or gestures.

Displaying low energy or arousal levels in visually stimulating environments, such as appearing lethargic or passive.

Noticing fewer visual details or missing visual cues in the environment, which may impact learning and social interactions.

Having difficulty sustaining attention on visual tasks or activities, such as becoming easily distracted or disengaged during visual tasks.

Demonstrating slower visual processing speed or reaction times compared to peers, which may impact academic performance or motor coordination.

Showing limited awareness of safety hazards or changes in the environment due to reduced responsiveness to visual stimuli.

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Reacting strongly to bright lights, such as covering eyes or squinting in response to natural sunlight or fluorescent lighting.

Displaying distress or agitation in visually cluttered environments, such as crowded spaces or rooms with many visual distractions.

Reacting negatively to visual patterns or moving objects, such as becoming overwhelmed or agitated by spinning or flashing lights, or busy visual backgrounds.

Startling easily in response to sudden visual changes or movements, such as jumping at unexpected movements in their peripheral vision.

Avoiding activities or environments with specific visual characteristics, such as brightly coloured or heavily patterned clothing, or busy visual displays.

Becoming overwhelmed or anxious in visually stimulating environments, such as art exhibits, amusement parks, or busy streets with lots of signage.

Struggling to focus or concentrate on visual tasks due to distraction or discomfort from surrounding visual stimuli.

Displaying physical symptoms of distress, such as headaches, eye strain, or fatigue, in response to prolonged exposure to visually stimulating environments.

Exhibiting signs of anxiety or emotional reactivity in response to visual stimuli, such as becoming tearful or irritable in visually overwhelming situations.

Having difficulty filtering out irrelevant visual information and becoming easily overwhelmed by sensory overload in visually stimulating environments.

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Use auditory-rich activities such as music, rhythmic games, or storytelling to stimulate the auditory system.

Encourage exploration of different sounds and instruments to increase auditory awareness.

Pair auditory instructions with visual cues such as pictures, gestures, or written words to enhance comprehension and reinforce learning.

Use visual schedules or timetables to help the child anticipate auditory events and transitions.

Incorporate multiple sensory modalities into learning activities, such as combining auditory instructions with tactile or kinesthetic elements.

Engage in sensory play that involves sound, such as exploring musical instruments or sensory bins with auditory components.

Start with simple auditory tasks and gradually increase complexity as the child becomes more comfortable and responsive.

Break down auditory information into smaller, manageable chunks to support processing and comprehension.

Offer immediate feedback and encouragement to reinforce appropriate responses to auditory stimuli.

Establish predictable routines and environments to reduce anxiety and increase the child's confidence in responding to auditory stimuli.

Minimise background noise and distractions to help the child focus on auditory tasks.

Teach and model active listening skills, such as maintaining eye contact, asking questions, and paraphrasing information, to enhance auditory processing and comprehension.

Engage in activities that promote auditory discrimination, such as identifying and categorising different sounds or rhythms.

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Appearing unaware or indifferent to loud noises or sudden sounds.

Difficulty responding to verbal instructions or requests, seeming "in their own world."

Showing delayed or minimal reaction to their name being called.

Needing louder volumes to register sounds, such as turning up the TV or music to high levels.

Demonstrating poor auditory attention or listening skills.

Seeming uninterested or disengaged during conversations or in environments with auditory stimulation.

Displaying delays in speech and language development.

Exhibiting a lack of awareness of safety warnings or environmental sounds, such as alarms or approaching vehicles.

Preferring quieter activities and environments.

Struggling to follow auditory sequences or process complex auditory information.

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Covering ears or expressing discomfort in response to everyday sounds.

Reacting strongly or with anxiety to sudden or unexpected noises.

Difficulty concentrating or staying focused in noisy environments.

Avoidance of loud or crowded places.

Hypersensitivity to background noises, such as the hum of fluorescent lights or air conditioning.

Complaints of sounds being too loud or overwhelming.

Startling easily in response to sounds that others may not notice.

Physical signs of distress, such as headaches or stomachaches, when exposed to loud noises.

Difficulty participating in activities or social situations due to auditory sensitivity.

Withdrawal or meltdowns in response to auditory stimuli.

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Provide soft and gentle tactile experiences, such as using soft fabrics or feathers.

Offer gradual exposure to textures, starting with less intense sensations and gradually increasing.

Create a calm and predictable environment to reduce sensory overload.

Use light touch and pressure when engaging in activities involving touch.

Introduce desensitisation techniques, such as gently rubbing different textures on the skin.

Allow the child to control the level of tactile input they receive, respecting their boundaries.

Offer opportunities for proprioceptive activities to help regulate the sensory system.

Provide breaks or quiet spaces when the child becomes overwhelmed by tactile stimuli.

Use visual cues or social stories to prepare the child for new tactile experiences.

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Provide deep pressure activities like squeezing hugs, weighted blankets, or deep tissue massage.

Incorporate textured materials into play such as sand, playdough, or sensory bins with beans or rice.

Use tactile toys with different textures, shapes, and temperatures to stimulate the senses.

Encourage rough and tumble play or activities that involve pushing, pulling, or climbing to provide strong tactile input.

Integrate brushing techniques to increase sensory awareness.

Offer sensory-rich experiences like finger painting, shaving cream play, or water play with various objects.

Experiment with different fabrics and clothing textures to find what feels comfortable and stimulating.

Create a sensory diet with regular, scheduled sensory activities throughout the day to provide consistent input.

Offer opportunities for exploration and discovery through touch, such as nature walks or visiting tactile exhibits.

Be patient and supportive, allowing the child to explore at their own pace while gradually introducing new tactile experiences.

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Sign of an under responsive to tactile system

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Sign of an under responsive to tactile system

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Lack of reaction to gentle touches or hugs.

Seeming indifferent to tactile experiences like playing with textured materials or fabrics.

Appearing unaware of being touched or brushed against.

Showing little interest in physical affection or closeness.

Preferring strong or intense tactile sensations to feel anything

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When we're in the height of sensory overload, it's really hard to access the strategies we've learned. And there's a reason for that. When we're in that state, our thinking brain is offline! 🤯

From an evolutionary standpoint, this makes sense. We don't want our thinking brain to get in the way of our ability to react to danger. 🤔

But most of the time, we aren't actually in danger. Our body just reacts as if we are. When we can visualise sensory overload as a wave, it helps release us from the urgency to "fix" it, and rather, gives us permission to ride it. There's a time and a place for sensory strategies, but the sometimes when we're at the top of the wave, we just need to ride it back to shore. It will always come back to shore. 🌊

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Have a look at this list of getaways that have been awarded the National Autistic Society Autism Friendly Award

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This family farm holiday specialises in cottage and lodge accommodation for families with children from toddlers to tweens in Cornwall, UK. Combine indoor creature comforts with all the fun of the farm outdoors. Daily Tractor rides to feed the animals and evening train rides give familiarity and structure to the day but are all optional.

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Sensory differences - a guide for all audiences

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Have a look at the National Autistic Society’s page on Sensory Processing

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Sensory differences - a guide for all audiences

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A general guide to some of the sensory differences autistic people may experience, and strategies to help with this.

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 Laura Petix | Neurodivergent parenting on Instagram: "The truth is, most OTs could find a way to make a paperclip therapeutic 😅 we are very resourceful and creative in how we utilize items to be more therapeutic, multipurpose and regulating for each child. 

If I could only narrow it down to 4 items, these are the 4 that will give you the biggest “bang for your buck” when it comes to all things sensory regulation and childhood development skills you’re trying to target. 

Most of these you may already have at home!

🔥Remember: not all kids respond to sensory strategies the same; they are not one size fits all. The key to curating the most regulating, effective sensory regulation toolbox for your child’s unique nervous system is knowing how to observe their responses and being able to adjust and modify the strategy as needed.

🕵️‍♀️If you’re looking for help in this, I’ve got so much more to teach you inside the Sensory Detectives Bootcamp program for parents, just drop a comment with the word “bootcamp” and I’ll send you the link to learn more. 

#parentingtips #selfregulation #sensoryregulation #sensorytools #sensoryseeker #sensoryavoider #sensoryneeds #neurodivergent #neurodiversity #nervoussystem #dysregulation #behavior #conscioisdiscipline #meltdowns #tantrums #spd #autism #gentlediscipline #sped #classroomaccommodations #millennialparent"

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2,421 likes, 71 comments -  theotbutterflyJanuary 15, 2024 on : "The truth is, most OTs could find a way to make a paperclip therapeutic 😅 we are very resourceful and creative in how we utilize items...". 

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Signs of a possible over-responsive tactile system

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Signs of a possible over-responsive tactile system

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Strong aversion or discomfort to certain textures, fabrics, or clothing materials.

Excessive sensitivity to light touch, causing the individual to pull away or react negatively.

Reacting strongly or with distress to unexpected or gentle touches.

Avoidance of activities that involve tactile sensations, such as messy play or wearing certain types of clothing.

Difficulty tolerating grooming activities like hair brushing, nail clipping, or teeth brushing.

Preferring to keep hands clean and avoiding activities that involve getting hands dirty.

Reacting negatively to tags, seams, or labels in clothing.

Displaying avoidance behaviours, such as covering ears or eyes, in response to tactile stimuli.

Experiencing heightened anxiety or distress in environments with high levels of tactile stimulation, such as crowded places or sensory-rich environments.

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Our sense of touch (tactile sense) comes from receptors in our skin all over our bodies and within our mouth.

There are two tactile pathways, a protective pathway and a discriminative pathway.

The protective system responds to light or unexpected touch and helps to alert us to potential danger.

The discriminative pathway helps us to interpret what we are touching and where on our body we are in contact, for example, locating an item in your pocket.

Information is sent to the brain about the type of touch we are experiencing e.g. Light touch, texture, pain, which assists us to make an appropriate response.

If the brain does not process the touch sensation accurately then we may be described as over responsive or under-responsive to touch sensation.

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Apps to promote self-regulation and individual sensory needs

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Apps to promote self-regulation and individual sensory needs

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http://otswithapps.com/2012/11/28/brainworks-app-a-sensory-diet-tool

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BrainWorks app (11.99) for iPad and iPhone was developed by Occupational Therapist, Gwen Wild of SensationalBrain.com! to provide sensory diets menus for children and teens. Customizable, this app can manage an unlimited number of users and provide in app activity choices as well as customized sensory diet activities using photos from your iPad/ iPod photo library.

Here is a helpful video that provides a great overview of the app and settings:

More about how the BrainWorks app is set up:

1. Enter user(s) - an unlimited number. Once a user is entered you have the option of using a timer or not.

2. Choose the locations that you will be using the activities.

3. The next step for the user is to choose how they feel. Their feelings will determine what activity choices will be available to them, either calming activities, alerting activities or just right activities.

4. When the user has chosen their feeling a list of activities is presented. The user then chooses one of the images they will use. If using the timer was chosen and time was set in the settings menu the time will start lapsing (see time remaining on right picture).

5. If a needed activity is not in the image list, pictures can be added from your photo library. If you do not have the equipment the stock activity can be removed from the list.

BrainWorks app provides a well thought out tool providing supports using a "How does your engine run?" type of problem solving to individuals who need sensory diet activities to help with self-regulation. It provides a familiar framework of sensory diet and many activities with graphics that are explicit visually to the user. I like their terminology of defining user feelings, Just Right, Slow and Sluggish, Fast and Stressed and Fast and Hyper along with the visuals they provide to the user. Customizing the app by adding users and your own activities makes it a flexible tool for therapists and parents and reinforces the concepts and activities that can support self-regulation for the user. Help menus are provided in the app as well as on the SensationalBrain website for using and setting up the app.

A few things I would like to see modified in the app include:

1. Being able to add in activities rather than removing activities from the activity listing for the user. There were more than 75 choices of calming activities listed to choose from which is good, however that list might be overwhelming to a student and removing that many is rather tedious. We also provide fewer choices to students for calming, or alerting activities for students and provide them with explicit instructions for some activities such as belly breathing (do 2 minutes of breathing) or theraband (do 10 repetitions x 2) which are often needed to structure the sensory diet activity appropriately during their break time.

2. It would also be great if text or audio could be customized in the user items selected to provide more specific instruction for the user to be effective.

3. Also, it would be great if the app could collect time stamps and data of the users feeling selection - Just Right, Slow or Sluggish, Fast and Stressed or Fast and Hyper especially at school to help determine some of the antecedents of their dysregulation to help with determining time of breaks or environments that may need some modification. Not sure that can be done, but sure would be great data.

Overall this is a great app with great application for creating sensory diets for parents, teachers and therapists. Sensational Brain website also provides some great information on sensory processing and sensory diet information along with checklists and handouts. They also offer different memberships that provides access to their materials for creating sensory diet activities.

Kudos to Sensational Brain for their work, providing one of the first sensory diet apps on the market that I am aware of.

Will this app be included your OT mTool Kit?

Carol

About Carol Leynse Harpold, MS, OTR/L, SCLV, ATP, CATIS

OTR/L with more than 35 years experience in pediatrics, school based therapy and adult rehabilitation. Masters of Science in Adaptive Education/Assistive Technology with 20 years experience in AT in education of elementary, middle school, secondary, post secondary students and work environments for adult clients. A RESNA Assistive Technology Practitioner with ACVREP CATIS credentials, AOTA Specialty Certification in Low Vision, USC Davis Executive Certificate in Home Modifications, servicing adults and students with disabilities in employment, education, and home environments. A 2020 graduate of the University of Alabama Birmingham Low Vision Certification Program.

This entry was posted in App Reviews, Apps for OT's, Apps for Special Needs, Autism, iPad, iPhone, iPod, Occupational Therapy, School Based Interventions, Self-regulation, Sensory Apps, Sensory Apps for ASD and tagged Autism, iPad, iPhone, iPod, occupational therapy, Sensory Apps, special needs students. Bookmark the permalink.

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View all posts by Carol Leynse Harpold, MS, OTR/L, SCLV, ATP, CATIS →

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BrainWorks app (11.99) for iPad and iPhone was developed by Occupational Therapist, Gwen Wild of SensationalBrain.com! to provide sensory diets menus for children and teens. Customizable, this app can manage an unlimited number of users and provide in app activity choices as well as customized sensory diet activities using photos from your iPad/ iPod photo library.

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‘Raising a sensory smart child’ – Read more about this resource at

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‘Raising a sensory smart child’ – Read more about this resource at

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Sensory tools and strategies made simple for home, school, and in the community! Handbook includes over 210 of the most common sensory signals and cues your child may be giving you. PLUS BONUS CONTENT...Sensory in a Nutshell! Just a little bit more, but not too much to overwhelm you. This practical, daily application handbook is helping parents, teachers, and caregivers all over the world to understand sensory signals and cues from a child rather than jumping to the conclusion of behavior driven. This user friendly handbook is geared for daily use and as a quick sensory reference guide designed to work hand in hand with ASensoryLife.com. Enjoy the simple, organized format to give you the essential and useful information to respond to the child's sensory needs right on the spot! The handbook provides simple every day sensory strategies and techniques to help ALL children; including SPD, autism spectrum disorders, ADD/ADHD, APD, and developmental disabilities. This handbook provides guidance and understanding as to why children do what they do in regard to unique sensory processing differences and needs. When you respect a child's sensory differences, it will change how you respond.

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Understanding Your Child's Sensory Signals: A Practical Daily Use Handbook for Parents and Teachers

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Sensory tools and strategies made simple for home, school, and in the community! Handbook includes over 210 of the most common sensory signals and cues your child may be giving you. PLUS BONUS CONTENT...Sensory in a Nutshell! Just a little bit more, but not too much to overwhelm you. This practic...

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Suppliers of toys, clothing and a variety of equipment to support individual sensory preferences

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Suppliers of toys, clothing and a variety of equipment to support individual sensory preferences

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Suppliers of clothing for children that may find it difficult to tolerate certain textures.

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Suppliers of clothing for children that may find it difficult to tolerate certain textures.

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Angie Voss, OTR
Content Writer for ASensoryLife.com

​Please note: Angie Voss is no longer able to respond to individual sensory questions via email. Thank you for your understanding.

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​Please note: Angie Voss is no longer able to respond to individual sensory questions via email. Thank you for your understanding.

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Do I have to buy all of the toys and items at the same time?

No. You can buy a few cheaper items, at different times, as long as these are within the six-month period. Please bear in mind you will have to pay a delivery charge every time.

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How to use a sensory toys and equipment grant - Family Fund

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Find out all you need to know about how to use your Family Fund delivered sensory toy & equipment grant and see our frequently asked questions

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Discover Learning Without Tears’ Handwriting Without Tears program for children! A multisensory approach to make writing fun and easy. Visit lwtears.com.

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Primary School Resources

Here you'll find our collections of excellent, teacher-made Key Stage 1 resources. These handy primary school resources will add extra content and fun to your already existing lesson plans - giving your class an extra boost of knowledge to stand out from the crowd.

Not only will you find resources for the core subjects of English, Maths and Science, but plenty of engaging ideas to teach PE, Geography, Music and the rest of the curriculum. Use these worksheets, PowerPoints, Fact Files and much more to keep your class excited about learning.

Senior Leaders will benefit from all the templates available for their Ofsted related reviews and Continuing Professional Development. Assemblies will be a breeze with the broad range of assembly packs available for KS1.

You can also find plenty of useful resources to help you plan your lessons and hit all those crucial Curriculum aims with Twinkl Planit for KS1. Your class and their parents will love the SATs Survival section with up to date advice for their upcoming exams.

It's not all work and lessons though, you'll also find beautifully illustrated Display Packs and Classroom Signs to make your classroom pop with creativity and be the talk of the school.

Key Stage 1 is a crucial time for children, and the responsibility of filling their young minds with useful lessons can sometimes be overwhelming. That's why these fantastic, easy to access, primary school resources are designed with you in mind, those who teach.

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Key Stage 1 Primary Resources | National Curriculum | Twinkl

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Take a look at this comprehensive range of Key Stage 1 resources, all designed by teachers in line with the National Curriculum in all subjects.

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Here's a list of over 200 ideas that brain injury survivors and their families could consider, with remote support, if need be, from their neuro occupational therapist:

Link up

Contact people you know by phone, email or social media and try to do this every day, remembering that there's more to talk about than COVID-19! You could consider starting a book or poetry club or maybe even a discussion forum.

Perhaps you could start a competition or post regular updates on a shared interest via phone, email or social media?

Card games

To help with visual processing, attention and concentration. Traditional card games help to challenge our cognitive skills, have a go at finding matching pairs while challenging memory, particularly short-term memory.

Dobble: a simple matching game that tests visual scanning and processing skills.

Go Fish, Solitaire and Hearts: these card games involve pattern recognition, memory skills and varying levels of strategic thinking.

UNO: improve number and colour recognition and strategy and planning skills by matching a card you have with the card on the table - and be the first to have no cards left!

Board games

Board games are a social affair. They challenge our cognitive and executive skills but also facilitate positive social communication, challenging our expressive and receptive language skills within a one to one activity or as part of a group. For clients with brain injury language and social communication can be challenging, more so with family members, so ensure everyone is clear regarding the rules and support positive communication at all times.

Chess: no one game the same, this games classic tests cognitive skills, particularly memory, reasoning and attention.

Chinese Checkers: use cognitive skills to move all your pegs to the opposite side before your opponents.

Draughts: fine motor skills and strategic thinking come into play with this game.

Othello: another war between black and white counters and a challenge for fine motor skills, planning and strategy.

Risk: as its name suggests, this game involves risk-taking, forward planning and some serious decision making as you try to 'take over the world'.

Scattergories: word-finding/retrieval abilities, organisation and recall are involved in this race-against-the-clock (or untimed) game - a particular help with language difficulties.

Scrabble: a bit more effort needed with this word-building game which challenges several cognitive skills including problem-solving, memory, strategy and cognitive flexibility.

Dexterity games

Neurological illness or injury can impact on the brains ability to control our physical movements. Fine finger movements can be particularly challenging. These movements are essential for everyday function, so practising and refining these movements will help you win the game but also to look after yourself better!

Connect 4: planning and logic skills are challenged in this game which also improves gross and fine dexterity.

Dominoes: an ancient tile-matching game that requires visual scanning and planning skills.

Jenga: practise fine motor skills, attention and planning while removing blocks without toppling the tower.

Mastermind: guess your opponent's four-colour peg code through elimination using deductive logic skills.

Puzzles

Puzzles test our visual perceptual skills including figure-ground, visual memory and visual sequential memory. They also support our fine motor skills and sustained attention. Having a puzzle out for the whole family to work on offers the opportunity for a shared sense of achievement and teamwork.

Jigsaws: designed for all ages, abilities and interests, jigsaws also help to develop logical thinking, hand-eye coordination and fine motor skills.

Crosswords: themed, blocked, coded, cryptic; crosswords come in several shapes, sizes and levels of complexity, but all of them are cognitively challenging.

Mind Trap: riddles, picture puzzles and brain teasers abound in this game which can be played alone or with others and comes in several versions of varying complexity.

Sudoku: improves problem-solving and number skills with different levels of difficulty.

Tetris: a free online tile-matching game that employs visuospatial processing, critical thinking, and problem-solving abilities.

Drama games

Throw yourself into a different role in drama games such as charades. Play them via video call with family, friends or support staff!

Apps - click the image above for our 20 apps to boost brain injury rehabilitation article.

Smart Technology provides access to specialist apps to support specific therapeutic interventions on a broad range of areas. Hand and eye co-ordination is also a focus for many of these applications which is a bonus!

MyTherappy: this outstanding online NHS resource is packed with over 120 apps that have been NHS reviewed and star rated for use in:

Stroke and brain injury recovery.

Occupational health.

Supporting independent living.

Most of the apps are free. The others - 24 of them - cost between 60p and £199.99. Users will need access to Apple iOS, Android or Windows, depending on the app.

The apps are divided into specialist areas, including:

Find the inspirational MyTherappy here: https://www.my-therappy.co.uk/

Gaming devices

Microsoft, Sony, Nintendo, Sega and Apple all offer gaming devices and an array of age-rated games that may provide cognitive challenges.

Creativity

With all the focus on SMART and new technology often the value of our everyday activities are overlooked. The complexity of daily tasks and craft activities have long been regarded the focus of occupational therapy, the roots of the occupational therapy profession and the value of activities can be traced back to the first world war.

Cooking: baking and cake/biscuit decorating, recipe ideas, meal planning and special occasions.

Jewellery making: bead craft, yarn bracelets, salt dough pendants.

Textiles: sewing, knitting, crochet, embroidery, quilting, weaving.

Sculpting/construction: try Play-Doh or clay (there are lots of online recipes for homemade versions if need be) or ice, sand or mud, or build something out of paper, card or toy building blocks. Check out origami!

Painting and drawing: creating with crayons, chalk, charcoal, pencils, watercolours, oils, pastels (and even wall or face paints with proper supervision) doesn't just boost brain activity - it's fun for all ages and abilities. Just select a suitable surface!

Photography: pick a topic that interests you (people, food, fashion, nature, etc) and start collecting pictures from the internet or other resources around you to create a scrapbook or to print out to make a wall collage. If you have access to a camera, learn more about how it works, or start a photo project focusing on a topic that interests you.

Drama: read or write a play by yourself or with others and act out the characters!

Reading and writing

Re-visit books you've read or explore websites that offer book/audiobook subscriptions to expand reading opportunities alone or with others.

Write your own story/poem/song.

Start a diary.

Suggest a writing/reading competition with people you know.

Have a go at calligraphy.

Music

The evidence base supporting the therapeutic use of music for people with neurological conditions is growing. It is hard to ignore however the feelings of wellbeing that we all get from listening to a favourite piece of music. These music-focused activities can be done alone or with a group.

Try a new musical instrument or listen to something different - a radio, tv or internet channel or a podcast or webinar.

Sing along/dance to your favourite tune.

Take/create a music quiz - name that tune!

Try writing a song or start a songwriting competition.

Enjoy the outdoors

Depending on individual health and residential circumstances, and as long as we are all abiding by coronavirus safety rules by staying 2 metres apart, try to get some fresh air every day - even if it means enjoying it on a doorstep or through an open window.

Gardening

Enjoy this safely in your outside areas or start a new indoor gardening project from seeds or cuttings, making the most of windowsills, balconies and doorsteps.

Don't forget to tend to wildlife if you can...it's a busy season for nature!

Animals

Spend some time observing the wildlife outside your window. Take photographs or draw something you see. Spring is a wonderful time to start nature watching!

If you have pets, now is a good time to start doing what Dr Dolittle did best - talk to them!

Our pets provide us with companionship whatever is happening around the world so share your worries with them - they won't mind!

It's also a chance to give pets some extra TLC:

Give their homes/beds a Spring clean.

Give their homes/beds a makeover.

Give them a good clean/grooming!

Make them a new toy, accessory or 'fashion' item.

If you can train your pet, teach them some new moves or help them out of some bad habits.

If you exercise your pet outdoors, follow COVID-19 safety advice.

Start a pet diary, adding photos or drawings, to record interesting moments in their lives...it's amazing what they get up to when they think we're not watching!

Exercise
If you're going outdoors for exercise, follow COVID-19 safety advice.
Mobilising in whichever way possible is intrinsic to well-being and being confined to small spaces doesn't mean you can't.

Walking/mobilising: even if it means doing circuits of your home, make physical movement part of your everyday routine, if possible.

Online: there is a wealth of online video tutorials for all ages, abilities and circumstances offering step-by-step guidance in health and fitness activities such as Pilates, yoga, and dance.

Consoles: if you have access to a gaming console, there are dance and fitness 'games' you can try, some of them inter-actively.

Yoga/Thai Chi/Pilates: these low impact activities can help build strength and balance and can be adapted for all ages and abilities, including wheelchair users.

Bowls/boules/petanque: can be played on any flat surface with a reasonable amount of space.

Home-made Mini golf: turn even a small room into a mini-golf course using household items as 'clubs' and obstacles, with cups, placed on their sides, as 'holes'.

'Table' tennis/'bat' and ball: any small bouncy ball, a wooden spoon and a table or wall will do - but clear away breakables first!

Indoor/outdoor basketball: cheap to buy or make your own out of a metal clothes hanger (bent into a hoop and hung over a door), using a rolled-up paper ball as the ball. Or turn a wastepaper bin into the target!

Giant Jenga: like Jenga, but with bigger blocks for outdoor play.

Giant Chess: like chess but with bigger pieces for outdoor play.

Kubb: a bit like skittles with wooden blocks and batons, this outdoor game tests eye-hand coordination and reasoning.

Quoits: there are indoor and outdoor versions of this ring toss game that also encourages hand-eye coordination and deduction.

Relaxation techniques

Now, perhaps more than ever is a good time for all of us to incorporate more relaxation into our days to help ease any feelings of stress, anxiety or depression. The benefits of mindfulness are being supported by a growing body of evidence.

Focused breathing: do this anywhere, anytime but every day is best. The NHS explains how here: NHS - stress, anxiety and depression - ways to relieve stress at home

Yoga/Thai Chi/Pilates/stretching: they may also be a gentle way to exercise, but these easily adapted activities are also great for encouraging relaxation.

Massage: a tried-and-tested means of stress relief that also can ease musculoskeletal problems.

Meditation: from mindfulness to progressive relaxation, there are many ways to use meditation to bring calm to your day.

A clean sweep
Is there something you would like to improve in your physical environment that you could start planning for or begin?
March, traditionally, is a time to start Spring cleaning but, this year, amid COVID-19 hygiene and safeguarding advice to help stop the pandemic, it's a must.

Perhaps you could re-arrange a room as well, or consider any home repairs or improvements that could be carried out now or in the future?

Try something new!

Pick anything from this activities ideas list that you'd like to have a go at or think about something else you'd like to try.

Have a look at online educational/vocational/leisure courses you could do or start working towards.

Start a collection - things people say, favourite stuff, funny moments, fab photos; it could be anything!

Set a new goal - for you, for your family, for anything important to you right now!

If you need help with access or guidance relating to any activity idea, contact your neuro occupational therapist who will be more than happy to help.
Stay as busy as you can and in contact with others... but above all - STAY SAFE!
Related Articles
Crafts to support neurological occupational therapy and brain-injury rehabilitation

200 Home activities for brain injury survivors and their families Over 30 online communities to help keep spirits high among brain injury survivors and their families during the covid19 lockdown Twenty apps to boost brain injury rehabilitation How to enjoy a daily dose of exercise despite brain injury
Further Related articles
Gov.uk - Full guidance on staying at home and away from others Providing neuro occupational therapy as a remote support service during the coronavirus pandemic. BBC News - how to protect your mental health during the Corona Virus outbreak and self-isolation BBC - What can I do? BBC - What are the symptoms? BBC - Should I self isolate?

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200 activities for brain injury survivors and their families!

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Here's a list of over 200 ideas that brain injury survivors and their families could consider, with remote support, if need be, from their neuro occupational therapist: Contact people you know by phone, email or social media and try to do this every day, remembering that there's more to talk about than COVID-19!

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Mama OT – Occupational Therapy blog with tips and tricks for those who care for children

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Occupational Therapy blog with tips and tricks for those who care for children

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EiSMART is an evidence based framework to give high risk babies the best start in life. We span all aspects of a child's development: Sensory, Motor, Attention and Regulation, and Relationships. Professionals and parents work Together to support premature and sick infants from birth ( Early I ntervention).

parents

We are here to help. You are the expert on your baby; let us work with you and provide the resources, tools and education that can help fulfil your baby's potential.
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free resources

Our developmental play leaflets suggest activities to support all aspects of a child's development. You can get free access to these resources, plus webinars, posters and more.
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professionals

We are committed to supporting your development. We are working to advance knowledge, skills and practice in early intervention.
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Latest News

NEW Instructional Study Day

Published March 14, 2023

Don't Miss our exciting NEW Instructional Study Day on the 27th April

The Ei SMART Framework - Foundation Training. This study day provides an in depth introduction to the Ei SMART framework and is our Foundation level training before progressing to our advanced half days.

£135 When: Thursday 27 April and repeated on Thursday 21 September 2023 Venue: Online

Apply via Eventbrite.
Cost:

You can download a flyer with all the necessary information by using the link below.

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Neonatal and Post-Discharge Workshops

Published March 12, 2023

Do you want to Learn how to Implement Ei SMART in the NNU and/or after Discharge?

These half day Ei SMART Framework - Implementation workshops will teach you how!

Morning Workshop: Implementation in the Neonatal Unit | Tickets

Afternoon Workshop: Implementation after discharge and in early intervention | Tickets

When: Friday 23 June 2023
Venue: Online
Cost: £75 per half day

Apply via Eventbrite: Morning Workshop | Afternoon Workshop

You can download a flyer with all the necessary information by using the link below.

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Giving Every High Risk Infant The Best Start In Life

EiSMART is a framework for improving developmental outcomes for high risk infants. It is an approach founded in research, which combines multiple disciplines, to address every aspect of development in premature and sick babies. EiSMART is a uniquely collaborative approach, where professionals and parents work T ogether to provide early and more effective interventions for infants and young children with developmental challenges. Click on the balls to learn more.

How We Help

We provide resources to support child development, and deliver training courses to support professional development. We collaborate on research to advance practice in early intervention, and we influence policy on the care of high risk infants.

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Invaluable For Us & Our Baby

"In the beginning of my NICU journey I cried every day. There is no other outlet for the hurt, the sadness, the fear - especially the fear - of giving birth so early. In NICU, everything about those first weeks is different to how it should be. You emerge from that darkness into an intense, overwhelming, medical world where you feel utterly helpless to do the most natural thing: care for your baby. Stumbling upon EiSMART was like finding fresh air, after a long, dark time under water. It helped me recover purpose; recover focus; recover the ability to care for my baby."
- Parent of baby born at 24 weeks' gestation
DISCOVER MORE OUR APPROACH

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EiSMART is an evidence based framework to give high risk babies the best start in life. We span all aspects of a child's development: Sensory, Motor, Attention and Regulation, and Relationships. Professionals and parents work Together to support premature and sick infants from birth ( Early I ntervention).

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Refers to the way a person’s nervous system receives sensory messages and turns them into response.

Senses include Sight, Sound, Touch, Taste, Body Position and Movement.

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Not all kids respond to sensory strategies the same; they are not one size fits all. The key to curating the most regulating, effective sensory regulation toolbox for your child’s unique nervous system is knowing how to observe their responses and being able to adjust and modify the strategy as needed.

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The University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Occupational Therapy Service, offer a needs led service.

The occupational therapists may use sense theory as part of their evaluation of a person's ability to do things.  We don't check for sensory needs or differences in people who don't have any known problems with functioning.

Areas that we can help with include:

· Self-care - dressing, eating, washing, going to the toilet.

· Work - participating in nursery and school activities.

· Play - Playing with toys, playing outside and joining in at clubs/sports.

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The interoceptive system is responsible for detecting and interpreting internal bodily sensations, including those related to hunger, thirst, temperature, heart rate, breathing, digestion, and emotions. It provides individuals with awareness of their internal state, helping regulate physiological processes and respond to bodily needs.

Key components of the interoceptive system include:

Interoceptors: Specialised sensory receptors located throughout the body, including in organs such as the stomach, intestines, lungs, heart, and blood vessels. These receptors detect internal bodily sensations such as pressure, stretching, temperature, and chemical changes.

Central Nervous System (CNS): Signals from interoceptors are sent to the central nervous system, where they are processed and integrated with other sensory information.

Insular Cortex: The insular cortex, located deep within the brain, plays a crucial role in processing interoceptive signals and generating subjective feelings of bodily states. It is involved in emotions, empathy, self-awareness, and decision-making.

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): The interoceptive system interacts closely with the autonomic nervous system, which regulates involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate. Interoceptive signals can influence ANS responses and vice versa.

Emotional Regulation: The interoceptive system is closely linked to emotional experiences, with bodily sensations often serving as cues for emotional states. Awareness of internal sensations can help individuals regulate emotions and respond adaptively to stressors.

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The vestibular system, located within the inner ear, is responsible for detecting and processing motion, gravity, and spatial orientation. It plays a crucial role in maintaining balance, coordinating eye movements, and providing a sense of body position and movement in space.

Key components of the vestibular system include:

Semicircular Canals: Three fluid-filled semicircular canals detect rotational movements of the head in three planes: horizontal, vertical, and diagonal.

Otolith Organs: The otolith organs, comprised of the utricle and saccule, detect linear acceleration and changes in head position relative to gravity. They contain tiny calcium carbonate crystals called otoliths, which move in response to gravity and acceleration, stimulating hair cells to send signals to the brain.

Vestibular Nerve: Signals from the semicircular canals and otolith organs are transmitted via the vestibular nerve to the brainstem and cerebellum for processing.

Brainstem and Cerebellum: The brainstem and cerebellum integrate vestibular input with visual and proprioceptive information to maintain balance, coordinate movements, and stabilise gaze during head movements.

Vestibular Cortex: Higher brain regions, including the vestibular cortex in the parietal lobe, are involved in conscious perception of vestibular sensations and spatial orientation.

The vestibular system works in concert with the visual and proprioceptive systems to provide a comprehensive sense of spatial orientation and movement. Dysfunction of the vestibular system can result in symptoms such as dizziness, vertigo, imbalance, and motion sickness.

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The proprioceptive system, also known as proprioception, is responsible for providing feedback about the position, movement, and orientation of the body in space. It encompasses sensory receptors located in muscles, tendons, joints, and ligaments, as well as sensory information from the skin and fascia.

Key components of the proprioceptive system include:

Muscle Spindles: Specialised sensory receptors located within muscle fibres that detect changes in muscle length and rate of stretch. Muscle spindles provide feedback about muscle contraction and movement.

Golgi Tendon Organs (GTOs): Located at the junction between muscles and tendons, GTOs detect changes in muscle tension and provide feedback to regulate muscle contraction and prevent overexertion.

Joint Receptors: Sensory receptors within the capsules and ligaments of joints detect changes in joint position, movement, and pressure. They provide information about joint stability and alignment.

Skin Receptors: Proprioceptive feedback from the skin, particularly from pressure receptors (e.g., Pacinian corpuscles and Merkel cells), contributes to our sense of body position and tactile awareness.

Central Nervous System (CNS): Proprioceptive signals are transmitted via sensory neurones to the central nervous system, where they are integrated with other sensory information and motor commands.

Cerebellum and Brainstem: The cerebellum and brainstem play key roles in processing proprioceptive input, coordinating movement, and maintaining postural control.

The proprioceptive system works in tandem with the vestibular and tactile systems to provide a comprehensive sense of body awareness, movement, and spatial orientation. Dysfunction of the proprioceptive system can result in difficulties with motor coordination, balance, body awareness, and motor planning.

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The olfactory system, or sense of smell, is responsible for detecting and interpreting odors. It plays a vital role in our perception of the environment, as well as in triggering emotional and memory responses.

The olfactory system begins with specialised sensory cells called olfactory receptors, which are located in the upper part of the nasal cavity. These receptors detect airborne odor molecules when we inhale, sending signals to the brain for interpretation.

Key components of the olfactory system include:

Olfactory Receptors: These specialised cells contain odourant receptors that bind to specific odour molecules, initiating electrical signals that travel to the brain.

Olfactory Bulb: Located at the base of the brain, the olfactory bulb receives signals from the olfactory receptors and processes them before sending them to higher brain regions for further interpretation.

Olfactory Cortex: Once processed in the olfactory bulb, odour signals are sent to various regions of the brain, including the olfactory cortex, where they are integrated with other sensory information to create perceptions of smell.

Limbic System: The olfactory system is closely linked to the limbic system, which is involved in emotion, memory, and behaviour. This connection explains why smells can evoke strong emotional responses and trigger vivid memories.

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The gustatory system, also known as the sense of taste, is responsible for detecting and interpreting flavours. It involves specialised sensory cells located primarily on the tongue, known as taste buds. These taste buds contain receptor cells that respond to different taste stimuli.

There are five primary taste sensations:

Sweet: Sweet taste is typically associated with sugars and carbohydrates, signaling energy-rich foods.

Sour: Sour taste is often found in acidic foods and can indicate spoilage or unripe fruits.

Salty: Salty taste is detected by receptors sensitive to sodium ions and helps regulate electrolyte balance in the body.

Bitter: Bitter taste is often a sign of potential toxins in food and can be aversive to some individuals.

Umami: Umami, a savoury taste, is associated with the presence of glutamate, found in foods like meat, cheese, and mushrooms.

The gustatory system works in conjunction with the olfactory system (sense of smell) to create complex flavor perceptions. Additionally, factors such as temperature, texture, and appearance also influence taste experiences.

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The visual system is a key component of sensory processing, allowing us to interpret and respond to visual stimuli in our environment. It involves the eyes, optic nerves, and brain pathways responsible for processing visual information. Challenges in sensory processing related to the visual system can impact various aspects of daily functioning.

Difficulties in visual processing may include hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity to visual stimuli, leading to over- or under-reactivity to light, colors, patterns, or movements. This can result in visual discomfort, avoidance of visually stimulating environments, or difficulties in filtering out irrelevant visual information.

Individuals with sensory processing difficulties related to the visual system may also struggle with visual perception, such as recognising shapes, letters, or symbols, or discriminating between similar visual stimuli. This can impact academic performance, reading comprehension, and fine motor skills.

Additionally, challenges in visual-motor integration may affect tasks requiring coordination between visual input and motor output, such as handwriting, drawing, or catching a ball. Difficulties in visual attention or visual processing speed can also impact the ability to sustain attention on visual tasks or process visual information quickly and accurately.

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Over responsive Auditory System Solutions

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Over responsive Auditory System Solutions

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Create designated quiet areas in the environment where the individual can retreat when feeling overwhelmed by auditory stimuli. These spaces should be free from loud noises and distractions.

Provide noise-canceling headphones or ear defenders to reduce the intensity of sound in noisy environments. This can help the individual regulate their auditory input and feel more comfortable in challenging settings.

Gradually expose the individual to tolerable levels of sound, gradually increasing the intensity or duration over time. This can help desensitise them to loud noises and reduce anxiety related to auditory stimuli.

Use visual cues or schedules to prepare the individual for upcoming loud noises or transitions in their environment. This can help them anticipate and mentally prepare for auditory stimuli, reducing their stress response.

Incorporate calming auditory activities into the individual's sensory diet, such as listening to soft music, nature sounds, or white noise. This can help regulate their sensory system and provide a soothing auditory experience.

Establish predictable routines and environments to minimise unexpected loud noises or changes in auditory stimuli. Consistency can help the individual feel more secure and in control of their surroundings.

Introduce calming and rhythmic music as a background auditory stimulus, which can help mask or distract from more aversive sounds in the environment.

Make adjustments to the environment to reduce the impact of loud noises, such as using carpets, curtains, or sound-absorbing materials to dampen sound reverberations.

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The auditory sensory system is responsible for processing sound and plays a crucial role in our ability to communicate, navigate our environment, and interpret information. It involves the ear's complex structures, including the outer, middle, and inner ear, as well as the auditory nerve and brain pathways.

Sound waves enter the ear canal and cause vibrations in the eardrum, which are then transmitted through the middle ear bones to the cochlea in the inner ear. The cochlea converts these vibrations into electrical signals, which are sent via the auditory nerve to the brainstem and auditory cortex for interpretation.

Sensory processing within the auditory system allows us to differentiate between various pitches, volumes, and tones, as well as to locate the source of sounds and filter out background noise. Challenges in auditory processing can manifest as hypersensitivity (over-responsiveness) or hyposensitivity (under-responsiveness) to sound, impacting a person's ability to concentrate, communicate, and engage with their surroundings.

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The tactile system, also known as the sense of touch, is crucial for our interactions with the world. It involves receptors in the skin that detect different tactile sensations, including pressure, temperature, and texture. When these receptors are stimulated, they send signals to the brain, allowing us to perceive and interpret the sensations.

Hypersensitivity (over responsive) to touch can cause individuals to experience heightened responses to tactile stimuli, leading to discomfort or even pain from seemingly innocuous touch experiences. This can result in avoidance of certain textures, fabrics, or activities involving touch.

On the other hand, hyposensitivity (under responsive) to touch may result in a reduced awareness or responsiveness to tactile input. Individuals with hyposensitivity may seek out intense tactile experiences or may not notice when they are touched, which can impact their ability to engage socially or detect potential dangers in their environment.

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The award-winning app for kids scientifically proven to help kids sleep* & keep them engaged throughout the day with healthy digital play. Featuring 100s of hours of bedtime stories, educational activities, coloring games, sleep sounds, white noise & more!

Why Moshi?
- We're committed to creating safe, calming digital experiences for kids
- Our content is created by a BAFTA award-winning creative team & recommended by child-care & sleep experts
- We're 100% ad-free & Kid-Safe, trusted by parents, physicians & experts around the world as a space for children to play, listen, learn or relax day or night
- Our app includes daily content recommendations tailored to your child's age & interests
- Featuring special guest stories & meditations narrated by Goldie Hawn and Patrick Stewart

SLEEP
- 100s of hours of sleep content tailored for kids aged 0-12, with Bedtime Stories, White Noise, Sleep Sounds, Lullabies & Music
- Recommended by sleep experts & physicians
- Proven to improve bedtime: studies at New York University demonstrated that Moshi helps kids fall asleep 28 min earlier, stay asleep 22 min longer & experience 50% less night wakings*
- 97% of parents surveyed agree that Moshi helps their kids fall asleep faster than usual, & 95% said using the app makes bedtime less stressful**

RELAX:
- Over 50 guided meditations and breathing exercises designed for kids - turn moments of stress into moments of calm using science-based relaxation techniques
- Helps kids regulate their minds and bodies through audio content that teaches breathing exercises and grounding techniques like body scanning, tapping and guided imagery
- 100s of Stories that help children relax, stay engaged, reduce anxiety, and manage negative thoughts
- Tames tantrums and supports emotional regulation through audio-based storytelling which helps kids improve focus & concentration, gain confidence and manage their emotions

PLAY
- Over 100 interactive, character-led activities, offering a safe, fun space for kids to learn and grow their creativity through healthy digital play
- Coloring: Color in your favourite Moshlings, promoting creativity, self-expression and joy through art
- Puzzles: Put the missing puzzle pieces together to complete the Moshling picture. Improves short-term memory, logical reasoning & spatial awareness
- Memory activities: Remember, find & match pairs of cute Moshlings to help sharpen memory, focus, concentration and critical thinking skills
- Matching: Match colors, objects and emotions to learn identification of patterns, similarities & differences
- Hide & Seek: Search & discover the Moshlings hidden in the picture, developing visual perception & object recognition

AWARDS
- National Parenting Product Awards Winner
- BAFTA Children's Award
- Tech for good impact awards
- Loved By Parents Awards: Best Family App

SUBSCRIPTIONS
Subscriptions renew automatically unless auto-renew is turned off 24 hours before the end of the current period. Your iTunes account will be charged 24 hours prior to the end of the current period. Any unused portion of a free trial period, if offered, will be forfeited when the user purchases a subscription to that publication. If you've previously had a free trial, payment will be taken immediately. To manage your subscription & auto-renew settings, go to your icloud Account Settings after purchase.

Cancel anytime in settings at least one day before the end of the subscription period for cancellation to take effect at the end of the current subscription period. Deleting the app won't cancel your subscription.

Terms & Conditions: https://www.moshikids.com/terms-conditions/
Privacy Policy: https://www.moshikids.com/privacy-policy/
Get in touch: support@moshikids.com

Follow @playmoshikids on IG, Twitter, TikTok, Facebook, or visit www.moshikids.com

*Experiment conducted by researchers at NYU Grossman School of Medicine in August, 2020. Study included 30 children over 10 days.
**Poll of 600 users, Apr 2019

In this version, we made small updates under the hood of your app, ensuring we continually improve your experience within the magical world of Moshi.

Play 50+ character-led mini games, each tied to an existing Moshi audio story. Keep your little ones entertained with new puzzle, coloring, matching and memory games. Kids can play and navigate the app independently while connecting to the Moshi worlds and its characters.

Moshi for Me, too!

I am a 70 year old who has had trouble sleeping for years. I have tried many things, including nature sounds, music and stories besides bedtime habits, reading, etc. I tried Moshi Twilight by mistake and have found it amazingly helpful. The stories are cute but not so interesting that they keep me alert (or irritated). I love the music attached to the Sleep Stories, and sometimes I switch to Music only or to Meditation. There is a library of items and I can relisten to a favorite or randomly select an old one. I enjoy new selections as they come along and may or may not like them. I use the app when needed at bedtime or when I wake up in the middle of the night. I have a wireless headband with speakers that connects to Bluetooth so it won't bother my husband. Previous sleep "fixes" have helped me for temporarily, but Moshi has been working for 6 months. It helps me fall asleep probably 90% of the time. I am a little embarrassed that this is a product for children, but am so glad I have found it! I often have difficulty understanding the words in the songs, which bothers me (I guess I sing along in my head). The support staff have been very helpful with supplying the missing words. I don't have little ones that I am putting to sleep, but I wholeheartedly recommend this for adults! Others may also find it just perfect.

Thank you so much for taking the time to leave us such a lovely review, it is wonderful to read your thoughts and feedback. We're pleased that the app is helping you and showing that the app doesn't have to be just for a younger age group, but can be enjoyed by any age groups. Best wishes and Sweet dreams to you.

Complete GAME CHANGER!!!!

This app has completely changed our bedtime routine and our lives!!! I was extremely skeptical to even try it. Thanks to everyone who took the time to write reviews I thought ok what the heck. Our child was a non-sleeper since birth. Hours for put down and multiple times getting up each night. Everyone kept telling us oh she'll sleep. She never did. EVER. As she hit 3 the bedtimes just got worse. Fighting, yelling, crying, for hours. I was at my wits end. I was about to purchase melatonin and I remembered seeing an ad for Moshi a while back. I wasn't thrilled with the price but the free trial and amazing reviews sold me. First night she picked Sleepy Paws and was out in 10 minutes. 10 MINUTES!!! I sat there is disbelief. I thought ok, this is just a fluke, maybe she's really tired today. So the next night again less than 10 minutes! Night after night she looked forward to picking out a story. We always end up with Sleepy Paws, it's her absolute favorite. This miracle has ended bedtime fights and lulls her to sleep pretty quick. Some nights are longer than others but the complete elimination of fighting and yelling has made this worth every single penny! We're over a month into using this and it is still working it's magic!

Thank you for your review. We are so pleased the app has helped your family so much. We'd love to discuss your feedback with you. Please could you pop us an email so we can ask you a question? Our email is support@moshisleep.com

Great app!

Thanks Moshi! I am 10 years old, and I used it about a year ago and I liked it, because I couldn't fall asleep a lot in so I tried it and it didn't really work because the stories are for younger kids, so it didn't help completely, but it did help me calm down I do recommend it for calming down. So I just wish you would add stories for older kids. I have Lyme's Disease that I got from a deer tick, so I have anxiety. So it makes it hard to sleep. I can't do anything to fall asleep at night because I don't wanna bother my mom, because she likes to get up early, and doesn't like being waken up, and my dad gets tired after telling me stories for an hour to help me fall asleep. I had to, and still do, take melatonin, but it never really helped, but after this app it winded me down, and the melatonin then started to help because I wasn't so hyper. I also wish more of the stories were free because I'm not allowed to spend money on my iPad. I'm writing this review just to tell about the app. I have deleted it because I have found ways to help me fall asleep, and manage my anxiety. This app helped me get ideas, like making up stories in my head to fall asleep. I recommend this app for people with anxiety to help calm down. Thank you for reading the whole review! Thanks so much to the whole crew!🙂😀😇

Thank you for your detailed review. We are so pleased the app has been helping you with your anxiety. We will certainly pass on your thoughts about stories for older kids with the team! After listening to feedback from our customers, we now have over 30 pieces of free-content to enjoy :)

The developer, Mind Candy Ltd, indicated that the app's privacy practices may include handling of data as described below. For more information, see the developer's privacy policy.

Data Linked to You

The following data may be collected and linked to your identity:

Data Not Linked to You

The following data may be collected but it is not linked to your identity:

Privacy practices may vary, for example, based on the features you use or your age. Learn More

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‎The award-winning app for kids scientifically proven to help kids sleep* & keep them engaged throughout the day with healthy digital play. Featuring 100s of hours of bedtime stories, educational activities, coloring games, sleep sounds, white noise & more! Why Moshi? - We're committed to creating...

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Calming Stories to Help Kids Sleep I Close Your Eyes SleepyPaws

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Here is a link to a website with videos and information on sensory systems.

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The Brain Highways program is ahead of its time since it provides an innovative curriculum that gives parents a mechanism to actually change how their child's brain functions.

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When there is a greater understanding of sensory needs and differences, a transformation and shift in how one perceives the challenges can make all of the difference in behavior, development, and quality of life for a child.

Angie Voss, OTR

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Angie Voss, OTR
Content Writer for ASensoryLife.com

​Please note: Angie Voss is no longer able to respond to individual sensory questions via email. Thank you for your understanding.

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​Please note: Angie Voss is no longer able to respond to individual sensory questions via email. Thank you for your understanding.

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This Padlet was made by the University Hospitals Plymouth Children's Therapy Team.

To contact the department please call 01752 439 400

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Over 80 amazing proprioceptive activities that provide powerful and lasting proprioceptive input. These simple ideas can be used quickly to calm, focus, alert.
As an OT and mom, proprioceptive activities are my favorite type of sensory input because they can be used to help calm, focus, or even alert a child. Proprioceptive input is that powerful and amazing! But, this isn't a once size fits all situation. It may surprise you to learn that there are different types of proprioceptive activities that can all have different affects, and when you learn what they are and when to offer them... well, it can be a game changer in your child's behaviors, attention, and ability to sleep!

Part of what's so incredible about proprioceptive activities is that some of them can be used quickly in a pinch and require no special toys or equipment. That means they can be used anywhere: the mall, school, or in the middle of a play date. Let me tell you what I mean...

A few weeks ago, I was volunteering in our church's Sunday school, the routine that morning was a bit different than what the kids were used to because of a special event. I immediately noticed a little boy (that I happened to know has some sensory processing needs) wasn't able to sit for the story and was even pacing the room, despite requests to sit down with the other kids. Does this sound familiar to anyone?

When the class transitioned to another room to color pictures, he became quite silly, running through the doors and, well, not listening. Another teacher was trying to help him stay inside the classroom when I asked if I could try. This sweet little boy is familiar with me, but doesn't know me that well. I immediately went to him and said, "How about we shake the silly's out?"

He barely looked at me, but I assumed he had given me permission since he didn't protest. I put my hands tightly around his wrists (already giving some proprioceptive input). He didn't seem to mind so I continued to shake his arms firmly while singing a silly song, "We're gonna shake your silly's out!" 3 seconds later he looked up at me with big eyes and gave me the hugest smile.

At that moment, I knew the proprioceptive input was just what he needed. I then, followed up with some joint compression right to his arms (I'll talk more about these in a few minutes). This took all of about 2 minutes, and guess what happened next?

He followed my request to go back into the room, sat on the floor with the other children, and didn't run around for the next 30 minutes before his mom came to pick him up! That is why I LOVE proprioception, I'm not kidding when I say it is powerful.

In this post, we are going to dive into all sorts of proprioceptive activities. The ideas are endless and once you know what to look for, you will be amazed at how easy they are to offer to your child or to add to their sensory diet. And if you're wondering if you need to be concerned about your child's sensory "issues", then check out how to know if your child needs sensory therapy. Now, let's talk about what proprioception actually is...

What is Proprioception?

We need to clear this up because most people have never been taught about this 7th sense. Heck, spell check doesn't even recognize it as a word! Understanding how it works is an important key to understanding why it helps your child or even why they seek it.

In the simplest terms, proprioception is our body's ability to know where it is at any given time (otherwise called body awareness). And just like we see through receptors called our eyes, with proprioception, we know where our body is because of receptors that run all through our muscles and joints. Our vision is stimulated by bright lights or moving objects, and proprioception is stimulated by pressure to the receptors all throughout our body. Anytime we squeeze through a tight space, hug someone, or jump up and down, we are getting proprioceptive input.

Why Does Proprioception Matter?

Our proprioceptive system helps us walk across the room without bumping into anything or climb a jungle gym or hold a pencil to write. We have to know where each part of our body is and how to get it there quickly to be able to do just about anything. Proprioception plays a HUGE role in that and developing it is obviously important for all kids.

How Do You Know When a Child Needs Proprioceptive Activities?

Proprioception is a big deal with kids that have sensory needs because it's the only sense that calms and helps improve focus almost across the board, when used the right way. The vast majority of kids like proprioceptive input, and many seek it out. And, even if your child doesn't have specific "sensory needs", proprioceptive activities can still be beneficial to help them calm down when they get upset or to relax before bedtime.

Your child may especially benefit from proprioceptive activities if they fall into one of two categories:

Proprioceptive Seekers:

The first is seeking and is also the most common. Seeking means that your child is often trying to get more proprioceptive input. It's like their bodies can't get enough of it. Sometimes, kids that love this type of input may be labeled as hyperactive. And, they are sort of hyperactive as they are trying to get their sensory needs met. Learn more about how to handle hyperactivity in kids.

Let's gets specific though, kids that are proprioceptive seekers may frequently:

Chew on everything

Hide in tight spots

Love heavy blankets

Play rough

Crash into things on purpose

Always try to jump on the couch or bed

Be described as very physical or "wild"

Over-step personal boundaries

Hold onto writing utensils tightly

Proprioceptive Low Registration Signs:

The second is called low registration, which is less common, but quite possible. Low registration, or under-responsive, means that the sensory input, in this case from the proprioceptive system, isn't registering. It's like the brain has turned the switch off. Let's look at some signs of low proprioceptive registration:

Clumsy

Generally low energy

May not want to get out of bed in the morning

Bumps into walls and objects, seeming not to notice them

Very high pain tolerance

If your child has several signs listed above, under either category, then activities that target proprioceptive input will be meeting their needs and encouraging their development completely.
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Powerful Proprioceptive Activities for Kids

Proprioceptive activities can be thought about and organized into different categories, some of which your child may respond to and some they may not. And, when I say "respond to", I want you to think back to the little boy in Sunday school. His smile, eye contact, and then ability to follow directions were clear indicators that he was "responding to" the proprioceptive input. For your child, it may be that they were able to focus to finish their homework or sit through dinner easily.

Keep in mind that while most kids seek or at least enjoy proprioceptive activities in general, there may be some in particular that they do not like. You never have to force any sensory activity or input. Many of these activities give input to multiple senses, like hugging or climbing. Hugging also gives input to the tactile system and climbing also involves a lot of vestibular input. If your child doesn't like or want either of those other types of sensory input, then they probably won't want to participate in that activity. And, that's okay!

First, I want to show you the most basic, and probably the simplest proprioceptive activities. These activities can be used to alert, calm down, and improve focus and attention in your child, but it's also possible that they can make a child wild, as well. Sometimes, jumping on the bed can get really silly and out of control. This will do anything but calm, and that probably isn't what you're going for.

If you're looking to calm or to improve attention, then you may want to structure the activities a little bit, although this isn't always necessary. I would try these strategies if you notice that any of the proprioceptive activities are winding up instead of winding down:

1. Sing a rhythmic song like, "The Ants Go Marching One by One..." or some other song with a steady beat while your child jumps or stomps. Jumping, in particular, can really stimulate some kids.

2. Give the activity purpose. Instead of saying, "Go run around the house", say, "Can you run to the swing set and back?"

Now that we've got that cleared up, let's look at these powerful proprioceptive activities:

Jumping

Trampoline (my kids love this one and I love it because it isn't huge and is easy to move around)

Bed

Floor

Couch

Running

Stomping

Bouncing on top of a large ball (We use yoga ball like this one from Amazon, it's lasted us 10 years!)

Wheelbarrow walking

Crab walking

Using a pogo stick (This one is perfect because it's safe for toddlers and kids)

Pushing a scooter board (especially with hands while riding on belly)

Kicking

Balls

Stretch band tied around the legs of a chair (awesome for kids in school)

Crawling

Chewing

Gum

Specially designed necklaces, bracelets, and toys

Crunchy foods (raw veggies, pretzels, etc.)

Chewy foods (dried fruits, gummy candy, etc.)

Drinking through a straw
Milkshake (thicker drinks give even more input)

Stretching and pulling on stretchy band (like a yoga or pilates strap)

Chair push ups

Jumping jacks

Push ups

Rolling on belly over a large yoga ball and using arms to hold up

Playing in a body sock

Yoga poses (here are some that target proprioceptive input)

Heavy Work Activities

Heavy work activities mean exactly what the name implies, these activities require our kids to actively use their muscles to push, pull, lift, or carry objects that are heavy. When we use our muscles in this way, it creates resistance and pressure and inadvertently turns on those proprioceptive receptors in the muscles and joints.

I've included some of the most common activities below, many of which are chores, that occur often in family life. However, the opportunities are endless, I couldn't possibly list them all.

Let me tell you about this unique opportunity that occurred in my house the other day...

I was going through the kid's closets and pulling out clothes that were too small. I had a big pile of clothes in the middle of the room. As I was finishing, my 5 year old proprioceptive seeker walked into the room, perfect timing! I could've had him hold the large garbage bag for me as I picked up and dumped the clothes in, but instead I had him do the heavy lifting of putting the clothes into the bag while I held it open. Of course, it took a couple of minutes longer, but it was a way for him to get some quick and powerful proprioceptive input.

When you begin to think about heavy work like this, you'll be surprised at how often the possibility presents itself! Here are some ideas to inspire you:

Push/pull heavy objects

Laundry basket

Wheelbarrow

Lawn mower

Grocery cart (could be a play version for young children)

Vacuum

Furniture

Carry heavy objects

Bags or items from grocery store/pantry

Book bag

Loaded boxes

Medicine ball

Garbage bins/cans to or from the curb

Dig

Rake

Shovel

Pull on a rope (a jump rope can work just fine)

Tie it to a door knob

Tie to a tree

Tie to a swing set

Tug of war

Load/unload the dishwasher

Deep Pressure Activities

Deep pressure activities are often passive and provide lots of calming sensations. They are often used when a child has difficulty sitting still or transitioning to different activities. But, these types of activities aren't received well by all kids. Deep pressure also provides a lot of tactile input, and if your child is sensitive to that, deep pressure may not be a good strategy for them. They'll let you know!

If you aren't sure that your child will like these activities, you can experiment by just putting a lot of blankets on them or try placing a heavy object on their lap. If they seem to like it, you may want to invest in (or make) some of the weighted item below. I've shared affiliate links to some of my favorite versions below:

Getting or giving hugs

Rolling up tightly in blanket like a burrito

Sitting with a weighted lap pad or toy (Learn how and when to use a weighted lap pad with your child).

Wearing a weighted or pressure vest (You'll want to make sure you get the right size and if using weights, the correct amount of weight. I like using this store to order one because they have trained customer service that will help you get what's right for your child.)

Squeezing into tight spots

Lying under heavy objects

Couch cushions

Pillows

Weighted blanket (these are an investment, but for kids that respond well to them, they can be worth every penny. To learn more about if your child will respond to one, get the complete weighted blanket guide, find some DIY tutorials too!)

Getting or giving a massage

Joint compressions (one of my favorite quick deep pressure activities, get a full tutorial here)

Use a large ball to "steam roll" over a child's body (press firmly, be careful with head)

Sit or stand on a wiggle seat or wobble cushion (great for when kids need to sit still)

*Note that weighted vests, lap pads, and toys will only be beneficial for about 20 minutes, after that, the body gets used to the weight. It is fine to use a weighted blanket throughout the night though.

Must Read Tips Before Starting Proprioceptive Activities

1. Any of the activities in the above list can be used as often or as little as your child seems to need them. If you aren't sure when your child "needs" these activities, I'd highly recommend reading about what sensory diet's are. Even though they don't sound too pleasant, who likes a diet, they can be quite simple and even life changing. I also have a sensory diet template you can follow that gives you the ins and outs of when to choose what activities. There's even a free printable template you can snag too!

2. These proprioceptive activities will work for kids of all ages, but you may need to adjust them to fit your child's development. For instance, an 8 year old can push the cart while you're in the grocery store, but your 2 year old could use a play cart at home with a couple of heavy cans in it.

3. About half of the activities above are actively controlled by your child. Meaning, they decide how long and hard to run, how many times to jump on the bed, or how many boxes they can pick up. This is ideal because they are determining what is the best level of input for their needs, and they know that better than anyone. However, some of these activities give passive proprioceptive input, like giving joint compressions, a hug, or a massage. That can also be a good thing, and may be necessary, just like it was for the 5 year old I helped at church, but you have to watch for cues that your child isn't uncomfortable or disliking the input you're offering.

You've learned a lot: what proprioception is, why it matters, how to know if your child is seeking it. Plus, you have tons of inspiration in over 80 different activities that give propriocpetive input.

Lastly, I've got one more freebie for you, we love them at Your Kid's Table. Grab a cheat sheet to help you plan your propriocpetive activities with a sensory diet template!

More on Sensory Activities
100+ Awesome and Easy Sensory Diet Activities How to Choose the Right Sensory Toy for Your Child 13 Easy Sensory Strategies for the Classroom Sensory Strategies for Wild Kids Alisha Grogan is a licensed occupational therapist and founder of Your Kid's Table. She has over 14 years experience with expertise in sensory processing and feeding development in babies, toddlers, and children. Alisha also has 3 boys of her own at home. Learn more about her here

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Powerful Proprioceptive Activities That Calm, Focus, & Alert - Your Kid's Table

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Over 80 amazing proprioceptive activities that provide powerful and lasting proprioceptive input. These simple ideas can be used quickly to calm, focus, alert. As an OT and mom, proprioceptive activities are my favorite type of sensory input because they can be used to help calm, focus, or even alert a child.

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Exercise impact on our brains ability to regulate our emotions

Exercise increases dopamine levels in the brain
dopamine lowers anxiety levels
This reduces stress hormones
Improves ability to regulate emotions

So get moving...

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A really great activity for children to get an idea of colours as well as feeling paint squish between their fingers. And its mess free!

To create this you simply dot some paint into a plastic sandwich bag and ensure it is tightly sealed by either ziplock or strong tape. Give it to your child to experience messy play without the mess!

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Swings are a really great activity to do when you go to the playground. Try challenging you child to use them in new and creative ways! Encourage them to try swinging on their tummy, Superman-style.

As an alternative to pushing your child from behind on a swing try to gently pull their feet and release. You could also gently twist the swing and then allow it to twist back.

For the colder months when accessing a park might not be possible try using a large blanket as a hammock and with two adults gently swing.

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Yes, it gets messy, but allowing your little one to play with food — squishing, smearing, and tasting as they go — gives them a sensory experience that helps them learn. One small 2017 study
Trusted Source showed that preschoolers who participated in sensory play with fruits and vegetables were more likely to try not only the foods in the experiment, but other new foods.

If you’re concerned about encouraging food play, you can always work to distinguish playtime and mealtime as different times. And as they get older you can talk about table manners. But when they’re young, food can be a great, safe way to explore texture, taste, and smell through experimentation and play.

Twisting noodles, smearing yogurt, smashing beans — all of these activities can be satisfying to curious little hands and tasty on top of that!

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Here is helpful tool to help a child rest their breathing and bring down their over-aroused nervous system.
We use this simple exercise a lot here at the CDC
You may find that you would benefit from this too

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Many children say that their clothing is too itchy, tight and scratchy or feels funny on their neck and toes etc. Indeed, many adults feel the same way! You might not be able to see any visible reason for them to feel this way such as a rash. So, what could be the cause?

It might be they are experiencing too much sensory feedback from their clothes which can become overwhelming for them. You could use weighted vests or compression clothing which can help children feel comforted and calm.

You might already look out for clothing that is seamless or tight and with no loose labels. Although you will find a lot of these in high street shops there are specialist retailers for sensory clothing if you are finding clothing that your child will wear more difficult on the high street.

Here are some of the retailers in the UK that we are aware who you may wish to consider. They supply clothing for children sensitive to underwear, school uniforms, casual clothes such as tee-shirts, jeans and hoodies.
Please note we are not recommending these specific suppliers or products.
www.spectrasensoryclothing.co.uk

www.funandfunction.com

www.sensorysmart.co.uk/