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Purpose: To explore and understand the lived experiences of individuals about a particular phenomenon.

Key Features: Involves in-depth interviews with participants who have experienced the phenomenon. The researcher aims to identify the essence of the experience through themes that emerge from participants' descriptions.

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Purpose: To provide an in-depth analysis of a specific case (or cases) within its real-life context.

Key Features: Can be single or multiple-case studies. Uses multiple sources of data, such as interviews, observations, documents, and artifacts. The aim is to provide a holistic understanding of the case.

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Purpose: To study and describe the cultural phenomena of a particular group or community.

Key Features: The researcher immerses themselves in the daily lives of the participants, often for extended periods. Data collection includes participant observation, interviews, and artifact analysis. The goal is to understand the group's beliefs, values, behaviors, and social structures.

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Purpose: To develop a theory grounded in data from the field.

Key Features: Involves systematic data collection and coding to identify patterns and relationships. As data is collected, it is analyzed, and the emerging theory is refined. The end result is a theory that explains a process, action, or interaction.

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Purpose: To capture and study the stories or life experiences of individuals.

Key Features: Focuses on collecting individual narratives or stories, often through in-depth interviews. The researcher then analyzes these stories to understand the individual's experiences and the meanings they attach to them.

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Study Title: Understanding the Lived Experiences of Terminal Cancer Patients

Purpose: To explore the emotional, physical, and spiritual experiences of individuals diagnosed with terminal cancer.

Key Findings: Themes such as acceptance, fear of the unknown, cherishing moments, and seeking meaning in suffering emerged.

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Hypothetical Example of Case Study Qualitative Research:

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Hypothetical Example of Case Study Qualitative Research:

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Study Title: The Transformation of Company XYZ: A Case Study on Organizational Change

Purpose: To examine the processes, challenges, and outcomes of a significant organizational change in Company XYZ.

Key Findings: Factors like leadership commitment, employee engagement, and effective communication were critical to the success of the change initiative.

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Hypothetical Example of Ethnographic Qualitative Research:

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Hypothetical Example of Ethnographic Qualitative Research:

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Study Title: Daily Lives of the Maasai: An Ethnographic Study of a Nomadic Tribe in Kenya

Purpose: To understand the cultural practices, beliefs, and social structures of the Maasai tribe.

Key Findings: The study highlighted the tribe's deep connection to cattle, rites of passage, communal decision-making, and the challenges posed by modernization.

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Hypothetical Example of Grounded Theory Qualitative Research:

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Hypothetical Example of Grounded Theory Qualitative Research:

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Study Title: Coping Mechanisms of Adolescents in Divorced Families

Purpose: To develop a theory on how adolescents in divorced families cope with their situations.

Key Findings: A theory emerged suggesting a cyclical process of isolation, seeking external support systems, self-reflection, and resilience-building.

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Hypothetical Example of Narrative Qualitative Research:

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Hypothetical Example of Narrative Qualitative Research:

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Study Title: War Veterans' Tales: Stories of Resilience and Trauma

Purpose: To capture the personal narratives of war veterans and understand their experiences during and after the war.

Key Findings: Narratives revealed themes of brotherhood, the horrors of war, post-war trauma, and the journey to healing and acceptance.

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Creswell, J., & Poth, C. (2018). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.

Lune, H., & Berg, B. (2017). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.

Saldana, J., & Omasta, M. (2018). Qualitative research: Analyzing life (2nd ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.