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Total Dissolved Solids
A measure of the dissolved combined content of all inorganic and organic substances present in a liquid in molecular or ionized form.
The two principal methods of measuring total dissolved solids are gravimetric analysis and conductivity. Gravimetric methods are the most accurate and involve evaporating the liquid solvent and measuring the mass of residues left. This method is generally the best, although it is time-consuming.

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Dissolved Oxygen
1. The amount of oxygen that is present in water is called Dissolved Oxygen(OD).

2. Dissolve oxygen is important because it indicates the water quality, which is also the essential for the survival of fish and other aquatic species.

3. Advatanges of Dissolved Oxygen is the essential for the survival of fish and other aquatic organisms, while the disadvantages is the higher value of dissolved oxygen may cause corrosion of steel and iron.

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pH,  pH is a measure of how acidic/basic water is. The scale runs from 0 to 14, with 7 representing neutral. pHs less than 7 indicate acidity, while pHs greater than 7 indicate baseness. The pH of water is a measure of the relative amount of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions.  It is critical that we help our bodies achieve and maintain a healthy pH ratio of 70:30 (alkaline to acid). In an overly acidic environment, most diseases, illnesses, and bad bacteria thrive. When pH levels are out of balance, it is usually due to being too acidic.

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Turbidity is the measure of clarity of a liquid caused by large numbers of individual particles that are generally invisible to the naked eye. There are some ways to measure turbidity. One of them is by using the nephelometer. Turbidity is measured by using the nephelometric turbidity units. The turbidity of drinking water shouldn't be more than 5 NTU, and should be ideally below 1 NTU.

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Turbidity is a measure of a liquid's skill and understanding. It is an optical property of water that measures the quantity of light scattered by material in the water whenever a light shines across a water sample. The greater the turbidity, the greater the strength of light scattered. Nephelometric Turbidity Units are frequently used to quantify turbidity.

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1. The measure of the clarity of a liquid ( the transparency or how clear and cloudy the water is).
2. Nephelometer, a turbidity meter.
A normal turbidity level is ideal below 1 NTU and should not be more than 5 NTU (Nephelometer Turbidity Unit).

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The turbidity of water is a measurement of how clear or cloudy the water is. The cloudier the water is, the higher the turbidity is. Turbidity measures a liquid’s “relative clarity”, or the amount of light that refracts off materials in a liquid sample. Materials that can cause turbidity includes silt, inorganic and organic matter, clay, algae, and some microscopic organisms.

Turbidity of water is measured in Nephelometric Turbidity Units, known as NTU for short. Turbidity may also be measured in Formazin Nephelometric Units, or FNU. The nephelometric method compares how light is scattered in a water sample against the amount of light scattered in a reference solution. An electronic hand-held meter is often used to measure turbidity.

Turbidity is used to indicate the presence of pathogens, bacteria, and other contaminants such as lead and mercury which are harmful to both aquatic life and human health. This is why turbidity is measured in drinking water and wastewater systems.

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Turbidity is used to measure the clarity/ cloudiness of the water. It is caused by the large number of particles inside the fluid. It is measured in NTU (nephelometric turbidity units). 1/3mg/L of impurity is 1 NTU. An example of measuring  turbidity is in drinking water. According to the WHO (World Health Organization) drinking water should have a turbidity below 1 NTU and not about 5 NTU.

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TDS is a measure of the dissolved combine content of all inorganic and organic substances present in a liquid in molecular, ionized, or micro-granular. We measure TDS by using the TDS level. The best TDS level for drinking water is 50-100 TDS level. If the TDS is 1000 ppm, it is unsafe to drink.

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TDS is a phrase that refers to the tiers of inorganic salts as well as other organic matter content in water. Calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium cations and carbonates, hydrogen carbonates, chlorides, sulfates, and nitrate anions are the most common inhabitants. The TDS level affects the flavor profile of drinking water.

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The amount of organic and inorganic substances, such as metals, minerals, salts, and ions, dissolved in a specific volume of water is known as total dissolved solids (TDS).

"Conductivity is measured through the use of a meter and is usually about 100 times the total cations or anions expressed as equivalents and the total dissolved solids (TDS) in ppm usually ranges from 0.5 to 1.0 times the electrical conductivity.

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Generally speaking, 600 mg/L or less is considered to be safe.

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Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) is a dissolved combined content of organic and inorganic substances in a liquid, molecular, or ionized.

There are 2 methods to measure total dissolved solids, gravimetric analysis and conductivity. But gravimetric methods are the most accurate one

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BOD represents the amount of oxygen consumed by the organisms in a community at a specific temperature.

How to measure BOD:
1. Benchtop
2. Test the amount of dissolved oxygen

A healthy BOD level is 1-2 ppm but for water, a healthy amount is 3-5 ppm.

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Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) represents the amount of oxygen consumed by bacteria and other microorganisms while they decompose organic matter under aerobic (oxygen is present) conditions at a specified temperature.

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1. The term "biochemical oxygen demand" (BOD) refers to how much oxygen is used by bacteria and other microorganisms during the aerobic (oxygen-containing) decomposition of organic matter at a particular temperature.

2. The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) test is a bioassay method that measures the amount of oxygen consumed by bacteria during the breakdown of organic materials (Sawyer and McCarty, 1978). Over a set period of time and at a set temperature, the change in DO concentration in water samples is monitored.

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Represents the amount of oxygen that is consumed by bacteria and other microorganisms while they decompose organic matter under aerobic ( oxygen is present ) conditions at a specified temperature.

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Biological oxygen demand (BOD) is a measure of dissolved oxygen to be consumed by aerobic biological organisms from the decomposition of organic matter conditions at a specified temperature. The change in concentration of dissolved oxygen is measured over a given period of time in water samples at a specified temperature.

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Dissolved oxygen is an amount of oxygen which helps to indicate the water quality. This is very essential towards the life of aquatic organisms.

Dissolved oxygen will be suitable in a decrease temperature. It give more amount of it. If increase temperature it give less amount, which makes aquatic animals have less oxygen and less possibility to survive.

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Dissolved oxygen is the amount of oxygen that is usually present in the water.

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Dissolved oxygen is the amount of oxygen that can be found in the water, it's important because it's important for the survival of aquatic creatures and plants.
2.
Basic chemical analysis method (titration method),
Electrochemical analysis method (diaphragm electrode method)
Photochemical analysis method (fluorescence method)

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Dissolved Oxygen (DO) is the amount of oxygen (O2) dissolved in aquatic environments for all organisms in the water. Dissolved oxygen is important because it is essential for fishes and all organisms living in water. There are 3 ways to measure dissolved water, measured by a basic chemical analysis (titration method), an electrochemical analysis (diaphragm electrode method), and a photochemical analysis method (fluorescence method).

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pH is a measure word for how acidic or basic a liquid substance is. It's measured using a scale of 0-14 with 0 being the most acidic and 14 being the most basic (7 is neutral).

There are two ways to measure pH:
1. pH meter
2. Litmus paper (changes color depending on the pH)

A healthy environment has a pH level of 6.5-7.

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The pH scale determines how acidic or basic water is. The range is 0 to 14, with 7 representing neutrality. Acidity is indicated by pH values below 7, whereas baseness is shown by pH values above 7. In reality, pH is a measurement of the proportion of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in water.

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pH is a quantitative measure of the acidity or basicity of a liquid

There are two ways to measure pH:
colorimetrically with indicator fluids or papers and electrochemically with electrodes and a millivoltmeter for greater accuracy (pH meter).

pH levels are im portant because the pH levels can detirmine if the water is healthy or not and so that we can know the acidity of the water.

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1. pH is a measure of how acidic or basic water is and a measure of the relative amount of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in the water, in which the range goes from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. pHs of less than 7 indicate acidity, whereas a pH of greater than 7 indicates a base.

2. Water pH can be measured using three methods, which are by using a pH meter, pH papers, and litmus papers.

3. Pollution can change a water's pH, which in turn can harm animals and plants living in the water. Therefore, it is important to measure the pH of water, especially in terms of ecosystems, since it is used as an indicator of common issues and water nutrient imbalances.