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a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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The standard photographic film format for analog single lens reflex (SLR) still cameras and motion picture cameras

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a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One of the lenses is the photographic objective or "taking lens", while the other is used for the viewfinder system, which is usually viewed from above at waist level.

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a darkened box with a convex lens or aperture for projecting the image of an external object onto a screen inside. It is important historically in the development of photography.

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the most commonly used chemical process in black-and-white photography, and is the fundamental chemical process for modern analog color photography (used with 35mm film).

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a keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection.

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a public display of works of art or items of interest, held in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.

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a room or building for the display or sale of works of art.

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a building in which objects of historical, scientific, artistic, or cultural interest are stored and exhibited.

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A photographic studio is often a business owned and represented by one or more photographers, possibly accompanied by assistants and pupils, who create and sell their own and sometimes others’ photographs.

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An element of art by which positive and negative areas are defined or a sense of depth achieved in a work of art.

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An element of art that refers to the way things feel, or look
as if they might feel if touched.

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The lightness or darkness of tones or colors. White is the lightest value; black is the darkest. The value halfway between these extremes is called middle gray.

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An element of art that is three-dimensional and encloses volume; includes height, width AND depth (as in a cube, a sphere, a pyramid, or a cylinder). Form may also be free flowing.

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An element of art that is two-dimensional, flat, or limited to height and width.

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An element of art defined by a point moving in space. Line may be two-or three dimensional, descriptive, implied, or abstract.

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An element of art is made up of three properties: hue, value, and intensity.
• Hue: name of color
• Value: hue’s lightness and darkness (a color’s value changes when white or black is added)
• Intensity: quality of brightness and purity (high intensity= color is strong and bright; low intensity= color is faint and dull)

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Balance is the distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space.

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Movement in the principles of design refers to the path the viewer’s eye takes through a photograph/artwork.

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The harmony produced by all the elements in a design piece.

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feeling of unity created when all parts (sizes, amounts, or number) relate well with each other.

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Pattern is the repeating of an object or symbol all over the work of art.

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a strategy to get the viewer’s attention to a specific design element or object.

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Access Google Sites with a personal Google account or Google Workspace account (for business use).

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the use of several elements of design to hold the viewer’s attention and to guide the viewer’s eye through and around the work
of art.

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symmetry around a central axis, as in a starfish or a tulip flower.

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refers to a sense of harmonious and beautiful proportion and balance.

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lack of equality or equivalence between parts or aspects of something; lack of symmetry.

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act or instance of placing two elements close together or side by side. This is often done in order to compare/contrast the two, to show similarities or differences

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having no reference to material objects or specific examples; not concrete.

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Cool colors include green, blue, and purple, and variations of those three colors.

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Warm colors—yellow, orange, red and combinations therein—breathe energy, positivity and a sense of sunshine into any room.

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Neutral colors are muted shades that appear to lack color but often have underlying hues that change with different lighting. Examples of neutral colors include beige, taupe, gray, cream, brown, black, and white.

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pairs of colors which, when combined or mixed, cancel each other out by producing a grayscale color like white or black. When placed next to each other, they create the strongest contrast for those two colors.

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all the colors of a single hue. Monochromatic color schemes are derived from a single base hue and extended using its shades, tones and tints.

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change in the value of a quantity (such as temperature, pressure, or concentration)

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focuses on providing constructive feedback, supported by specific examples, to help you improve in some area.

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the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as your own

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pertaining to or dealing with morals or the principles of morality; pertaining to right and wrong in conduct.

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Objective knowledge refers to how much an individual actually knows and subjective knowledge (also known as perceived or self-assessed knowledge) involves how much an individual thinks he/she knows about a product

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Copyrights protect the rights of people who create literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works. Trademarks protect the use of a company's name and its product names, logos, and slogans.

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a composition guideline that places your subject in the left or right third of an image, leaving the other two-thirds more open.

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a compositional technique where human-made or natural lines lead the viewer's eyes through a photograph to the subject or the heart of the image.

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a guide to where to place a subject (a tree, person, building, etc.) or element in a photo (like the horizon) where it will be most pleasing to the eye.

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Negative space is the space around and between the subject of an image.

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the subject or areas of interest in an artwork, such as a person's face or figure in a portrait.

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any light source that comes from behind your subject.

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material that diffuses or scatters light in some manner to transmit soft light

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soft light that is reflected off the ceiling. It reduces the shadows on people's faces and fills the room with equal brightness

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low and high-contrast lighting, which creates areas of light and dark in films

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a light source is placed behind your subject, with little to no light in front of your subject.

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a painting, especially an altarpiece, on two hinged wooden panels which may be closed like a book

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carving in three panels side by side

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representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions. It is a form of parallel projection, in which all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane, resulting in every plane of the scene appearing in affine transformation

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a type of distortion wherein lines that are straight in real life appear to curve inwards (like the walls of a barrel)

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a deviation from rectilinear projection; a projection in which straight lines in a scene remain straight in an image (curves inward)

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ISO is your camera's sensitivity to light as it pertains to either film or a digital sensor. A lower ISO value means less sensitivity to light, while a higher ISO means more sensitivity.

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The ASA (American Standards Association) scale is an arbitrary rating of film speed; that is, the sensitivity of the film to light. If everything else is kept constant, the required exposure time is inversely proportional to the ASA rating.

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An image sensor is a device that allows the camera to convert photons – that is, light – into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the device.

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Film grain is the visible silver crystals in a film negative's emulsion. These light-sensitive silver halides change into pure metallic silver when exposed to light, which is how an image is captured on film.

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the term digital noise refers to visual distortion. Noise looks like tiny colored pixels or specks in your photograph, and sometimes resembles the grain that you may see in film photography.

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aperture measurements on your camera. The aperture controls the amount of light that enters the camera lens, and it's measured in f-stops.

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a space through which light passes in an optical or photographic instrument, especially the variable opening by which light enters a camera.

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bokeh is the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in out-of-focus parts of an image. Bokeh has also been defined as "the way the lens renders out-of-focus points of light".

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distance between the nearest and furthest elements in a scene that appear to be "acceptably sharp" in an image

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Lens focal length tells us the angle of view—how much of the scene will be captured—and the magnification—how large individual elements will be. The longer the focal length, the narrower the angle of view and the higher the magnification.

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the camera chooses the optimum shutter speed, aperture, ISO and flash settings for your shot (controls all settings)

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you can manually set both the aperture and the shutter speed to any value you want – the camera lets you fully take over the exposure controls

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allows the user to set a specific aperture value while the camera selects a shutter speed to match it that will result in proper exposure based on the lighting conditions as measured by the camera's light meter

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allows the user to choose a specific shutter speed while the camera adjusts the aperture to ensure correct exposure

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the camera selects and sets both the shutter speed and the aperture (allows you to still change other settings)

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shutter speed or exposure time is the length of time that the film or digital sensor inside the camera is exposed to light when taking a photograph

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a momentary-action mode that holds shutters open for as long as a photographer depresses the shutter-release button

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apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation. It results when the image being recorded changes during the recording of a single exposure, due to rapid movement or long exposure

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three-legged (or single for monopod) stand for supporting a camera or other apparatus

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the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images. This generally occurs more often if you're shooting on a low shutter speed or with a heavy lens

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shooting mode in still cameras where several photos are captured in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down

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combines a slow shutter speed with camera motion to create a sense of speed around a moving object

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photographic techniques of moving a light source while taking a long-exposure photograph

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a series of still pictures of the same frame at regular intervals over some time then plays the whole sequence back in fast succession

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a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements

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allows the camera to measure the light reflected from the person's face and expose properly for that

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covers only the centre 6.2% of the frame in the viewfinder, thus providing precise metering only for the subject

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It places greater emphasis on the centre area while also taking meter reading across the entire frame.

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the default metering mode on most cameras. It ensures that the camera will automatically adjust to the right exposure setting even when the ambient lighting shows greater contrast

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mid-point between black and white on a logarithmic or exponential curve

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a dark area where light from a light source is blocked by an opaque object

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A medium tone, one that is neither very dark nor very light

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the lightest elements in an image, whereas shadows are the darkest areas

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a darker border - sometimes as a blur or a shadow - at the periphery of photos. It can be an intentional effect to highlight certain aspects of the image or as a result of using the wrong settings, equipment or lens when taking a photo

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tonal editing technique that adds a warmer tone that gives an image a vintage or archival quality

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you use to determine where the camera will be focusing the image. When you look through your viewfinder, these are the rectangles or circles that you see.

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the process of shooting the same image, shot, or scene multiple times using different camera settings resulting in different exposure

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indicates the level of light reaching the sensor. Too much light results in overexposure which gives you a photo that is too light and lacking detail. Too little light results in underexposure which gives you a photo that is too dark and again, lacking detail

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helps you override automatic exposure adjustments your camera makes in situations with uneven light distribution, filters, non-standard processing, or underexposure or overexposure

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A white balance card (or gray card) helps you adjust the white balance and exposure settings of images by providing a reference point.

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there are several other workspaces such as 3D, Design, Motion, Painting, and Photography available in Photoshop. To activate any of these workspaces, just select a workspace from the Window-> Workspace menu. We can also add a custom workspace to this list.

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The toolbar is where Photoshop holds the many tools we have to work with. There are tools for making selections, for cropping and retouching images, for adding shapes and type

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groups of tools used to edit and manipulate your image. Photoshop contains over two dozen palettes that can be shown or hidden by using the Window menu and selecting the palette you wish to reveal.

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used to open and save files, adjust the canvas size, access some of the editing tools, open and close various windows, and more

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right underneath the menu bar. It's a horizontal menu that, by default, is on the left side of the screen