# data[].attributes.body
The term "Renaissance" means rebirth. The Renaissance (1300-1600) originally began in Europe, and refers to the revival of art and learning after both war and plague.

# data[].attributes.body
The Ming Dynasty was a major dynasty that ruled China for many years. It was marked and known for its great trade expansion to the outside world. It was also known for its established cultural ties to the West, as well as its own culture in the form of drama, literature, and crafts.

# data[].attributes.body
The Gutenberg Bible was printed by Johann Gutenberg. This Bible was so important because it was the first full-sized book printed with moveable type.

# data[].attributes.body
Michelangelo completed the Sistine Chapel in the year 1512. it is located in the Vatican City.

# data[].attributes.headline
Christopher Columbus lands in the Bahamas - (October 12, 1492) 

# data[].attributes.subject
Christopher Columbus lands in the Bahamas - (October 12, 1492) 

# data[].attributes.body
Christopher Columbus and his few ships arrived on the land the native people referred to as Guanahani, however Columbus renamed it San Salvador. He originally believed to have reached East Asia but was poorly mistaken. It was here where he enslaved the natives and harvested the new-found land for materials in search of gold.

# data[].attributes.headline
The Treaty of Tordesillas is signed - (June 7, 1494) 

# data[].attributes.subject
The Treaty of Tordesillas is signed - (June 7, 1494) 

# data[].attributes.body
The Treaty was between Spain and Portugal, and created a line to divide the land, resources, and people claimed by Spain and Portugal. The Line of Demarcation is a line that separates and creates limits in the forms of boundaries.

# data[].attributes.body
The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci. This piece is an icon in the Italian Renaissance, and is painted in oil. It is one of the most valuable paintings in the world.

# data[].attributes.headline
First enslaved Africans arrive in the Americas -(1511)

# data[].attributes.subject
First enslaved Africans arrive in the Americas -(1511)

# data[].attributes.body
European settlers in North America began to enslave Africans in the Americas. They did this because they were a cheaper source of labor, and because the native people of the Americas were dying out due to disease and were no longer an efficient source of labor.

# data[].attributes.headline
Martin Luther’s 95 Theses - (October 31, 1517)

# data[].attributes.subject
Martin Luther’s 95 Theses - (October 31, 1517)

# data[].attributes.body
Martin Luther's action of 95 Theses began October 31 of 1517. In the Theses were stated two central beliefs: the Bible is the central religious authority and that humans may reach salvation through their faith rather than deeds. These 95 Theses also is considered to have "sparked" the Protestant Reformation.

# data[].attributes.headline
Hernán Cortés the Spanish conquistador conquers the Aztec empire - (1521)

# data[].attributes.subject
Hernán Cortés the Spanish conquistador conquers the Aztec empire - (1521)

# data[].attributes.body
Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztec empire through alliances with the local tribes. While this is thought to have been the main reason for this victory, Cortes and his army also outclassed the weaponry of the Aztecs. The reason for the conquest was done in search of gold in the Americas.

# data[].attributes.headline
Copernicus publishes heliocentric theory - (1543)

# data[].attributes.subject
Copernicus publishes heliocentric theory - (1543)

# data[].attributes.body
Copernicus theorized that the Sun at the center of the universe with all other planets orbiting it. This theory soon replaced the geocentric theory which, backed up with little evidence, claimed that the Earth was instead at the center of the universe. Copernicus used more modern tools to scientifically prove his theory.

# data[].attributes.headline
Queen Elizabeth takes the throne of England -(November 17, 1558)

# data[].attributes.subject
Queen Elizabeth takes the throne of England -(November 17, 1558)

# data[].attributes.body
The reign of the sophisticated Queen Elizabeth was considered to be the best in English history. During her reign, a Church of England was established and doctrines were laid down. A compromise was also made between Rome Catholicism and Protestantism. This restored the relationship with the Church.

# data[].attributes.body
The settlement of Jamestown became the first permanent settlement of the English in North America. It was named after the settler's current King, James I. Tobacco was also discovered to be grown in Virginia and a large profit was made off of it. Disease and bugs were a major issue, and there was no fresh source of water. Settlers were also attacked by the natives.

# data[].attributes.headline
Invention of the First Telescope - (1608)

# data[].attributes.subject
Invention of the First Telescope - (1608)

# data[].attributes.body
The first traces of the telescope come from the Netherlands. Hans Lippershey applied for a patent for this invention, and claimed that this instrument was used for seeing things far away as if they were nearby.

# data[].attributes.body
The Qing Dynasty was the final imperial dynasty that ruled China. This era was initially noted for its prosperity, however its cause of fall arose from issues in harvest, warfare, rebellions, overpopulation, and economic disasters.

# data[].attributes.headline
Isaac Newton publishes “Principia,” a landmark work that established the universal laws of motion and gravity - (1687)

# data[].attributes.subject
Isaac Newton publishes “Principia,” a landmark work that established the universal laws of motion and gravity - (1687)

# data[].attributes.body
Isaac Newton's Principia is considered to be one of the most important pieces of work in all of science history. The book forms the foundation of the classical mechanics, and among its other achievements, it includes the universal laws of motion and gravity.

# data[].attributes.body
The Revolution of 1688 was labeled as glorious because all of its achievements during its time were achieved peacefully and without bloodshed. The Glorious Revolution involved the overthrowing of King James II, and replaced him with the Protestant daughter Mary and her husband, William of Orange.

# data[].attributes.body
During this event, 60 Bostonians boarded a ship and dumped nearly 30 chests of tea into the harbor. Although similar to the first Boston Tea Party, this event was not near as notable however it did inspire several other recreations in later years.

# data[].attributes.headline
The French and Indian War - (1754-1763) 

# data[].attributes.subject
The French and Indian War - (1754-1763) 

# data[].attributes.body
Another name for the French and Indian war was the Seven Years' War. It was between Great Britain and France, and it was fought over a dispute in land claims.

# data[].attributes.body
American colonists had become angry at Britain for the tax on tea. With this anger, they dumped 342 crates of tea into the harbor. This one event started the defiance to British rule over the colonists and would kick-start the American Revolution.

# data[].attributes.headline
Congress approves the final text of the Declaration of Independence - (July 4, 1776)

# data[].attributes.subject
Congress approves the final text of the Declaration of Independence - (July 4, 1776)

# data[].attributes.body
The Declaration of Independence was actually written from July 4 1776 to August 2 1776. The Declaration of Independence declared the 13 American colonies separated from Great Britain. The document also summarized the motives of the colonists for seeking independence.

# data[].attributes.headline
Constitution of the United States of America - (1787)

# data[].attributes.subject
Constitution of the United States of America - (1787)

# data[].attributes.body
The Founding Fathers had begun to lay down the new foundation by which the new country would be governed. The Constitution was carefully crafted, and is thought to be interpreted to adhere to the Founding Fathers' original intent for America.

# data[].attributes.headline
George Washington is inaugurated as the first U.S. President -(April 30, 1789)

# data[].attributes.subject
George Washington is inaugurated as the first U.S. President -(April 30, 1789)

# data[].attributes.body
George Washington was inaugurated into office by Robert Livingston. As President, George Washington delivered the first State of the Union address to Congress. He sought to assure the nation and the world if his determination to make the American experiment a success and their efforts for independence to have been useful.

# data[].attributes.headline
Storming of the Bastille - (July 14, 1789)

# data[].attributes.subject
Storming of the Bastille - (July 14, 1789)

# data[].attributes.body
During this event, the state prison known as the Bastille was raided by an angry mob of people who stole ammunition and gunpowder. The prison was a symbol of the dictatorial rule of the monarchy, so the people attacking it was a symbol of the people standing up to the terrible monarchy. This event is celebrated as a French National Holiday because it marked the start of the French Revolution.

# data[].attributes.headline
King Louis XVI is executed by guillotine - (January 21, 1793)

# data[].attributes.subject
King Louis XVI is executed by guillotine - (January 21, 1793)

# data[].attributes.body
King Louis XVI was executed by guillotine after being convicted of conspiring with foreign powers. As he was being executed, he acted dignified and silent.

# data[].attributes.headline
Maximilien Robespierre beheaded by the Guillotine - (July 28, 1794)

# data[].attributes.subject
Maximilien Robespierre beheaded by the Guillotine - (July 28, 1794)

# data[].attributes.body
The irony of this event never seems to be lost. He was a man who often said that he was "incorruptible", yet he was arrested on account of his corruption and illegal ruling. This caused the reign of terror to end.

# data[].attributes.body
The territory of Louisiana was very large and made up the western Mississippi basin. Thomas Jefferson had bought it away from Napoleon for a final price of $27 million. Many states were formed from this massive piece of land.

# data[].attributes.headline
Napoleon crowned Emperor of France - (December 2, 1804)

# data[].attributes.subject
Napoleon crowned Emperor of France - (December 2, 1804)

# data[].attributes.body
As he declared himself emperor, he took the crown from the Pope and placed it on his own head. This started the long conquest that France underwent in the hopes of controlling all of Europe.

# data[].attributes.headline
Revolution and Independence in Haiti - (January 1, 1804) 

# data[].attributes.subject
Revolution and Independence in Haiti - (January 1, 1804) 

# data[].attributes.body
This event is important. With the help of Poland, The slaves of Haiti were able to overthrow the French government and become free.  François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture

was the first leader of the Haitian revolution.

# data[].attributes.headline
The Slave Trade is abolished in the British Empire - (May 25, 1807)

# data[].attributes.subject
The Slave Trade is abolished in the British Empire - (May 25, 1807)

# data[].attributes.body
The slave trade is abolished in the British Empire. Though this did not stop slavery, it slowed it down quite a bit. This starts the slow process of humanization.

# data[].attributes.headline
Ludwig van Beethoven composes his famous Ninth Symphony - (1822-1824)

# data[].attributes.subject
Ludwig van Beethoven composes his famous Ninth Symphony - (1822-1824)

# data[].attributes.body
- He was leading the way during the Romantic Period. What distinguished the Romantic Period?

# data[].attributes.body
When James Monroe was the U.S. President, he articulated a set of principles. According to these principles, the US would not be allowed to intervene with European affairs, however they would not tolerate European colonization in the American hemisphere. These principles came to be known as the Monroe Doctrine.

# data[].attributes.headline
Inventing of the Telegraph - (1830-1840)

# data[].attributes.subject
Inventing of the Telegraph - (1830-1840)

# data[].attributes.body
Samuel Morse had developed the telegraph, which revolutionized long-distance communication. It involved the new language "morse code," and would transmit electrical signals over a wire laid between stations.

# data[].attributes.headline
Charles Darwin publishes theory of evolution -(1859) 

# data[].attributes.subject
Charles Darwin publishes theory of evolution -(1859) 

# data[].attributes.body
Darwin's theory changed how everybody sees the world. He claimed that humans evolved and are the strongest species due to natural selection. And though this does not explain everything, for instance, human consciousness, it explains how the animals on top got on top.

# data[].attributes.headline
Wilhelm I appoints Otto von Bismarck Prime Minister - (1862) 

# data[].attributes.subject
Wilhelm I appoints Otto von Bismarck Prime Minister - (1862) 

# data[].attributes.body
Bismarck is an important figure in German history because he helped to unite the German states into a single empire, with Prussia at its core. He was able to expand the Prussian army to capture the provinces of Schleswig and Denmark.

# data[].attributes.headline
Victor Hugo writes Les Miserables - (1862)

# data[].attributes.subject
Victor Hugo writes Les Miserables - (1862)

# data[].attributes.body
Victor Hugo wrote Les Miserables in order to make sense of the life lived during difficult times. His own life was battered by divisive politics, disruptive technology, and a deadly pandemic.

# data[].attributes.headline
Abraham Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation - (January 1, 1863)

# data[].attributes.subject
Abraham Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation - (January 1, 1863)

# data[].attributes.body
The Emancipation Proclamation proclaimed that all persons held as slaves within rebellious states are and will be forever free. The Emancipation Proclamation ended up changing the meaning and purpose of the Civil War from not only working to preserve the Union to also freeing the slaves.

# data[].attributes.body
During the year of the Emancipation Proclamation, Robert E. Lee's army had been defeated so devastatingly that the result of the battle was thought to have immediately decide the fate of the entire Confederacy. Only two years after the battle did the war end and the South was transformed by Reconstruction.

# data[].attributes.body
The spread of viruses such as the flu had become a lot easier with the beginning of new transportation links. The flu took the world by storm, killing over 1 million people in just 5 weeks. Despite the fact that air travel had not existed, the disease was still able to travel from St. Petersburg to Europe.

# data[].attributes.headline
Inventing a Flying Machine by the Wright Brothers - (1903)

# data[].attributes.subject
Inventing a Flying Machine by the Wright Brothers - (1903)

# data[].attributes.body
The Wright Brothers were first inspired by the idea of a flying machine when their father, Bishop Milton Wright, gave them a toy helicopter at a young age. After many long years of studying, they eventually came up with their prototype glider and ran several tests, improving it every step of the way. Soon, they taught others how to use the flying machine and they had revolutionized air travel ever since.