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One of the first things introduced in this section of the book is Spinoza being one of the first to suggest reading the Bible critically. He stated that the world itself was a part of god.

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Spinoza did not agree with Descartes's dualism. Instead, he believed that extension and thought to be features of God that we can simply perceive. He believed that God controlled all and that people could retain their their happiness through seeing things "from the perspective of eternity".

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Hermes goes to get Sophie and takes her to Albertos house where Alberto talks about the empiricists. It is explained that empiricists were philosophers who felt that everything that goes on in our minds comes from our experience through our common senses. Locke, Berkley, and Hume were the most important philosophers that critiqued the rationalists.

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Locke was the philosopher who was most interested in finding out how and where the ideas we create come from. He also wanted to know how trustworthy our senses actually were. He divided the world into primary and secondary qualities. The primary quality was size or number and the secondary quality was things such as taste. Lastly, Locke believed that everyone had the same natural rights and that God was true through reason.

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Alberto tells Sophie about Hume, the greatest empiricist. Humes main concern was "cleaning up our thoughts". He believed that our perception was made up of impressions, that being how we experience the world, and ideas, being what we make of our impressions. Hume wanted to study our complex ideas in hopes of ridding of ideas that did not come from our impressions. Hume believed that nothing has to do what it's supposed to, but we expect it too. An example was a stone hitting the ground.

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Sophie was most excited to learn about the philosopher, Berkeley. Berkley had the idea that all of our thoughts and feelings originated from our souls, like when we are dreaming. Berkeley said that we are basically just a figment of Gods imagination.

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Hilde wakes up. very excited for her birthday and her fathers return. She thinks of memories and finds a package that she thinks is from her father. It is actually a binder that says "Sophies World". It is a book with Sophies story.