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Precious stones are a type of rare metals, formed millions of years ago in the ground, and consists of these minerals from a substance called silica, and there are many kinds of gems as numbering about four thousand species, and these stones including what is precious or semi - precious and determined that Depending on their physical and chemical components, as well as the natural conditions in which these stones were formed, it is worth noting here that the precious stones are very few.

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In this presentation, I will show you information about the most famous gemstones that differ from the rest of the stones in the way they are formed and extracted, which is the pearl

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A pearl can be defined as a solid substance consisting of calcium carbonate and organic materials, formed by mollusks such as oysters and mussels in response to irritation caused by a foreign body. Layered in a slow process that takes a few years.

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Contrary to the popular belief among the general public, pearls are formed by the deposition of sand grains inside the shell of the oyster and gather to become an irritating substance confined within the soft body of the shell. Animals use it to build their shells, and most pearls work to arrange aragonite in the form of flat sheets between each of them there is a protein conchiolin to form a compound structure called Naiker with a crystal structure that reflects light in a unique way that gives luster to the pearl bead, and on the other hand, the softness of aragonite By their nature, oysters help to form a curved shell. The history of the origin of pearls Before the emergence of pearl culture and dealing with it in the early twentieth century, natural pearls were rare and expensive, and its acquisition was limited to the nobility and the rich only. The flourishing period of the Roman Empire was the so-called state of pearl fever, and it was at its height that the Roman army commander Vitellius prepared an entire army campaign by selling him one earring of his mother’s ear, as the historian Suetonius tells, and it is said that the time of the first use of the pearl gem cannot be estimated and from He was the first to use it, but in a book called the Book of Pearls he tells and says that the common belief is that the ancient tribes who were subsisting on fishing off the Indian coasts were aware of the importance and value of pearls in those days. It is said that Julius Caesar legalized the possession and wearing of pearl jewelry and restricted it to the rulers of the Roman Empire during the first century BC, and in the days of the brilliance of the British Empire , only the royal family, the rich and the nobles were allowed to acquire pearls.

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There are two basic varieties of Pearl stone is available – freshwater and saltwater. Freshwater Pearls grown in man-made lakes and Saltwater Pearls gemstones are found in the sea. Saltwater Pearl is considered best and high-quality gemstones.
White pearls are the third most popular and expensive type but this stone is also available in blue, silver and gold colour. Most people prefer White pearl stone. Black and a golden shade of Pearl stone are also very famous among Gemstone jewellery lovers. Golden pearl stone is the most attractive type of this gemstone.

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Natural pearls are very rare; The reason for this is that the wild mollusks that produce it are threatened with extinction due to over-harvesting in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries; One in 10,000 oysters yields one pearl, while the percentage of pearls that achieve the desired size, shape, and color for jewelry-making among those produced is a very small percentage.

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Pearl is considered one of the rare marine gemstones, because it is produced from natural biological processes unlike other minerals. This strange creature excretes several layers of the same substance that makes up the nacre to form pearls, which need centuries to form this process naturally. The Swedish scientist (Carl Linnaeus) introduced limestone into seashells in 1716, but the quality of the pearls was poor, and the Japanese were the first to record A patent for the cultivation of pearls, then the cultivation of pearls spread in Australia and several countries.

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Mikomoto is a very ordinary Japanese villager born in the village of Toba. His father was a poor man who sold boiled rice. From his childhood he helped his father and spent his day pushing a small cart to sell rice. At the age of eighteen he worked in fishing, diving, pearling and selling shells, and he loved collecting rare ones. There was an idea in his head and questions he didn't know how to answer! He didn't learn enough. One day Mikomoto went to one of his aquarium friends and asked him: Why are there pearls in shells? Why is there in some snails and some not?
His friend replied that the reason was that some parasites in the sea sneak into the shell and injure its soft, weak flesh, so the shell defends itself by isolating this foreign body by secreting a transparent calcareous substance that surrounds this strange thing that infiltrated it. This phosphorous lime material that is formed in several years is pearl, and these parasites may be a grain of sand or a fish shell or a small insect, and from that day the idea of ​​producing pearls in an industrial way does not leave Mikomoto's imagination! Mikomoto decided to insert a foreign body into every shell he found, so he collected a number of snails and gently opened them and inserted the strange bodies in them and waited two years and then opened them and found nothing, they all died and tried again and the storms blew and the snails died and Mikomoto lost a lot, but he did not despair.
And he learned from his 15-year experiences that lowering the water temperature to less than 7 degrees Celsius kills snails, so snails must be transferred from cold water to warm water, and he also learned that putting a large number of snails in one cage kills them. This abundance causes snails to starve and wilt, so the next time Mikomoto tried to avoid all these mistakes, the snails were dying.
Mikomoto thought of taking a shell with a natural pearl in it and studying it and knowing exactly where the pearl was. He studied many natural shells and knew exactly where to put the foreign body. He discovered that he was putting the UFO in the wrong place and implanted the UFOs in another 5,000 shells, and two years later his wife went to the beach where the snails caged and grabbed a shell and opened it and screamed. I found a pearl! The first pearl planted in Japan was on September 28, 1859, and this day of every month became a holiday in all Mikomoto companies and factories, who became one of the richest people in the world, and became one of the symbols that transformed Japan into one of the most powerful industrialized countries.
Mikomoto was then able to control the shape and color of pearl beads as well as their number in one shell. No one thought of a way to control these pearls, but one man thought and he designed and succeeded, so he was the first person to invent cultured pearls.