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- RISHI KAUSHIK

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-RISHI KAUHIK

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Bearcats Players Watch Helmet Camera Film

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As the Bearcats time at the Higher Ground Conference and Retreat Center comes to a close, take a look at how the team is using GPS technology. The Bearcats sports medicine department has partnered with the Air Force to analyze data on metabolics.

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-Mudit Gupta

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Hotspot Technology In Cricket (Infrared Image)

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Infrared Image Using in Cricket As Hotspot Technology... Ashes Test Match 2010 Boxing Day Test (26th dec)

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-RISHI KAUSHIK

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-RISHI KAUSHIK

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This video gives you a simple overview of the current GPS system and how it works. It also introduces other GPS systems from, Russia, Europe and China.

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APPLICATIONS Global positioning systems can be applied in the medical field as they can be used to detect fatigue of players during matches and measure any changes in physical capabiities and diagnose any problem. It can also be used to identify periods of most intense play, different activity profiles by position, competition level, and sport. GPS values can be directly integrated with physical activities and thus provide a good idea about the health of a sportsperson.

FUTURE The modification of the GPS technology in field sports can be done in three major areas: More integration of GPS data with fitness, physiological, tactical, or strategic data. Integration of GPS with other inertial sensor data. Further miniaturization of GPS devices for comfort of the player.

-RISHI KAUSHIK

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GPS technology can be used to monitor and analyse the motion of an indiidual, asses performance and provide useful feedback for coaches and fitness staff. Various kinds of GPS devices are used for on-field analysis. Also a few augmentation techniques are used to make GP technology more accessible and reliable. The technology can be used to measure speed, position or acceleration over a certain period of time. Various experiments conducted using the technology provide data regarding the physical load undertaken by a player. The information is useful for fitness experts and also the individual sportsperson to asses his ability and gauge the scope for further improvement. The article describes an experiment where GPS technology is used to compare various values of physical performance of players in two sports. The results obtained can be made more accurate by using various other methods. For eg. video feeds can be integrated in the analysis. ALso collecting data from a large number of test runs will give a more accurate result.

- RISHI KAUSHIK

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v-YrhySY2RM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-8e_cdg0NDw

- Harshavardhan Bapat

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Goal- Line Technology http:// en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Goal-line_ technology FIFA http:// href="http://www.fifa.com/">www.fifa.com/ mm/document/ fifa quality programme/ goal- linetechnology /02/01/77/01/gltweben.pdf Goal line technology in soccer (oct 2010) http://zoedoherty10.blogspot.in/ Technologies growing impact in Sport and why GLT should be implemented in football http://iloapp.cucukachoo.com/blog/mpt?ShowFile&doc=1304 375410.

- Harshavardhan Bapat

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What is goal line technology? - Technology is often implemented in most modern sports to negate human errors and resolve uncertain situations in sports. Goal line technology is a category of technology used in football, where cameras and sensors are used to detect whether or not the ball has crossed the goal line or not.

What are the different ways in which GLT can be implemented? - So far, 3 different methods of implementing goal line technology have been invented, Hawk-Eye, GoalRef attachment and Cairos GLT system.

Why was there such a debate about implementing goal line technology? - A couple of years ago one of the hottest topic in the footballing world was the usage of goal line technology in world football. Those opposing it felt there was no need to modernize the game and that the ambiguity in decisions was part of the game, especially since technology has already been implemented to some extent in referee decisions in the game. However in the end FIFA and Football Associations in Europe came to the decision to include goal line technology as it had the potential to resolve many disputes that have previously rocked the footballing world.

What are the advantages of GLT? - The results are more accurate than human observations and decisions - It is not effected by the weather such as when visibility is bad during a game - Since the decision is decided in an objective manner mechanically, there can be less dispute - If the football league adopts this proposal, then it may be able to send a trend for other leagues to follow - The challenges by different coaches can slow down the game with the referees having to watch replays repeatedly

What are the disadvantages of GLT? - Disadvantages: - The signals from the ball may be time consuming as well to verify that the ball in fact crossed the plane - There will still be the argument that technology is not completely reliable all of the time - Some older fans are more reluctant to trust technology at all in making those kind of major decisions - If something goes wrong with the technology before its perfected then there may be the chance that the major executives will not allow the technology to be perfected for a long time or potentially indefinitely - It may undermine the authority of the referees

- Harshavardhan Bapat

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The research paper discusses the application and improvements of the Hot Spot technology in cricket. Hot Spot was first developed as a military technology to detect tanks and fighter jets. This technology has been used in cricket since 2006 with the main purpose of correctly determining if a batsman is out or not-out. This technology can be used to find if any part of the bat nicked the ball and hence can be used to check for LBW and caught behind catches.

This technology is used by the help of 2 infrared cameras on either side of the ground, where they have the screens. The infrared cameras can detect heat and can therefore sense if there was any contact between the ball and the bat/pads.

The major drawback of this technology is that even air can give a result sometimes which may lead to a wrong decision. Also the cost of using this technology is very high and hence cant be used everywhere.

The author suggests that we should use a 360° camera fit in the middle of the cricket ball. The real time images provided would give better clarity and would also ensure that no ball tampering could take place.
-Mudit Gupta

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GLOSSARY GPS Global Positioning System. Beacon Stationary transmitter that emits signals in all directions (also called a non-directional beacon). In DGPS, the beacon transmitter also broadcasts pseudorange correction data to nearby GPS receivers for greater accuracy. Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) The implementation of ground-based DGPS to support aircraft landings in a local area (20-mile range). Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) A system of satellites and ground stations that provide GPS signal corrections for better position accuracy. A WAAS-capable receiver can give you a position accuracy of better than three meters, 95 percent of the time. Altimeter An instrument for determining elevation, especially an aneroid barometer used in aircraft that senses pressure changes accompanying changes in altitude. Datum A math model which depicts a part of the surface of the earth. Latitude and longitude lines on a paper map are referenced to a specific map datum. Triangulation A method of determining the location of an unknown point, as in GPS navigation, by using the laws of plane trigonometry. Cartography The art or technique of making maps or charts. Many GPS receivers have detailed mapping—or cartography—capabilities. CDMA Code Division Multiple Access. A method whereby many radios use the same frequency, but each one has a unique code. GPS uses CDMA techniques with codes for their unique cross-correlation properties.
- RISHI KAUSHIK

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HotSpot : a small area with a relatively high temperature in comparison to its surroundings

LBW: Leg Before Wicket. adjudged by the umpire to be out through obstructing the ball with the leg (or other part of the body) rather than the bat, when the ball would otherwise have hit the wicket.

Infra Red: having a wavelength just greater than that of the red end of the visible light spectrum but less than that of microwaves. Infrared radiation has a wavelength from about 800 nm to 1 mm, and is emitted particularly by heated objects.

Negative Image: In photography, anegative is animage, usually on a strip or sheet of transparent plastic film, in which the lightest areas of the photographed subject appear darkest and the darkest areas appear lightest.

Snickometer: ASnickometer, commonly known as Snicko, is used in televising cricket to graphically analyse sound and video, and show whether a fine noise, or snick, occurs as ball passes bat.

-Mudit Gupta

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Q.What is GPS technology? When did it originate? The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system consisting a network of satellites placed into the orbit by the U.S. Department of Defense. The GPS project began in 1973 and became fully operational in 1995. the network is maintained by The United States and is freely accessible tAo anyone with a GPS receiver.The system was originally develped for military use but was later made available for civilians. Q.How does GPS technology work? The GPS provides location and time information,regardless of weather conditions, by collecting data from 4 or more satellites simultaneously. The satellites use microwave signals to send and receive information to the device. The signals from the atellites are processed by the GPS device which then generates the data regarding the location and velocity of the device. The devie can also compute the position in three-dimensional views with the help of four GPS satellite signals. Q.What types of GPS devices can be used to monitor and record the data in field sports? 1. Data Loggers Data loggers simply record the position of the device at regular intervals onto the internal memory of the unit. These are considered to be most suited for use in sports and re attached to the individual player. 2. Data Pushers Data Pushers are GPS tracking units which are primarily used by the security industry, and send the position of the unit at regular intervals to a server that has the ability to instantly update and analyse location, direction, speed and distance and thus plotting the data. These are mostly used for fleet controls and vehivle monitoring. They are also being used for wildlife control in the form of trackng collars,etc 3. Data Pullers Data Pullers are devices that are always on and can be queried whenever required for their location.These can be used in situations where the position is to be known only occasionaly and are thus only manually activated. Q.What do you mean by GPS augmentation? Augmentation of a GPS means aiding the device by providing useful information regarding the position, velocity and time that the device itself is not capable of generating. It is used to improve the accuracy, reliability and integrity of the result. It can be done by various methods like using Receiver Algorithms, Global Navigation Satellite Systems, GPS Modernisation and Wide or Local Area Augmentation Systems.

- RISHI KAUSHIK

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http://www.itsonlycricket.com/entry/437

http://www.cricinfo.com/ciicc/content/story/393605.htm
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http://www.dreamcricket.com/community/blogs/cricgear/archive/2010/08/04/hot-spot- technology-gains- popularity.aspx

Mark Kidger , The Physics of Cricket From hotspot to statistics

http://www.selex-es.com/-/slx-hawk-1

-Mudit Gupta

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⦁ Do you know what goal line technology is? ⦁ If you watched the FIFA world cup, do you think GLT was a success? ⦁ Do you feel goal line technology is the way forward in world football? ⦁ Do you feel applying technology in sports destroys the essence of the game? ⦁ Can you think of any ways, apart from the currently employed methods, to improve the quality of the game by applying technology? Target Audience- The survey is meant for the general public as not a lot of people are aware about the application of technology in football in the form of GLT. The survey spread word abou the use of GLT and take the opinions of the general public about the application of GLT in world football.

Inference - To understand how technology is applied in football in the form of GLT and discuss te pros and cons in introducing GLT in world football

- Harshavardhan Bapat

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One of the most important benefits obviously is in adjudging whether or not a goal was scored. Most football enthusiasts know how much of a difference a goal and its timing make to the outcome of a match. Teams have been known to score an early goal or two and then sit back and defend the lead absorbing pressure from the opponents for the remainder of the match. A disallowed goal is the ultimate de-motivator for the team that has toiled to create and score it. The technology would also improve the accuracy of the match officials, who are after all only human and thus subject to errors. It takes a lot of pressure off the referee allowing him to concentrate on the more human aspects of refereeing such as calling a foul, playing an advantage or flagging offsides. The biggest criticism of this technology comes from the purist camp who see this as attempting to take away from the human aspect of the game. Many fans still cherish the debates that stem from bad refereeing decisions and how they could have affected the outcome of a match. Many also believe that this in a way diminishes the power and authority of the referee since it is, in a way, making the decision for him.

- Harshavardhan Bapat

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Websites - http://www8.garmin.com/aboutGPS/

http://www.loc.gov http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1278363 http://www.gps.gov/systems/augmentations/

Journals - Institute of Navigation. Global positioning systems: papers published in navigation. Alexandra, VA, Institute of Navigation. 1984-1999. 7 v.

The Evolution of Global Positioning System (GPS) Technology, Sameer Kumar and Kevin B. Moore, Journal of Science Education and Technology Vol. 11, No. 1 (Mar., 2002), pp. 59-80

Books -

Understanding GPS: principles and applications. Edited by Elliott D. Kaplan. Boston, Artech House, c1996. 554 p. Hoffman-Wellenhof, B., H. Lichtenegger and J. Collins. Global positioning system: theory and practice. New York, Springer-Verlag, c2001. 382 p.

-RISHI KAUSHIK

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-Do you currently own a GPS enabled device? -Did you know about the application of GPS technology in Sports to monitor and analyze various physical activities? -Do you think that the application of GPS in sports is useful? Give reason. -Which sports would you suggest GPS technology should be applied to for collecting information? -How do you think GPS technology can help by collecting the information in that sport? -Suggest some ways in which a GPS device can be attached to a sportsperson. -Do you think GPS technology can be used in sports to do something else apart from collecting physical data? -Can you suggest some ways to improve the accuracy and reliability of the data provided by GPS devices? -Do you think that the application of GPS can bring about a significant change in the world of sports? -Will you take part in experiments related to use of GPS in sports? -According to you, in which other walk of life can GPS technology be used and have an impact on the lifestyle of people?

Target Audience - The survey is meant for the general public as not a lot of people are aware about the application of GPS in sports field. The survey will inroduces this concept and also takes the opinions of the general public about the usefulness and further advancements of the technology. Purpose - To get a general idea as to how much the general public is aware about the concept and also to receive some ideas as to how the technology can be further improved and advanced.

- RISHI KAUSHIK

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ARTICLE - Application Of GPS Technology In Sports

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ARTICLE - Application Of GPS Technology In Sports

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- RISHI KAUSHIK

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·  Do you know what Hotspot technology is?

·  Do you know how it works?

·  Do you think it has been successful in improving the quality of decisions?

·  Do you think technology will make umpired obsolete in future?

·  Can you suggest ways of improving the current methods of decision making in cricket?

TARGET AUDIENCE

The survey is meant for a normal everyday cricket fan who watches cricket regularly. There is no clear age demographic though the younger audience will probably be more aware about technology and its advancements.

INFER
to get an idea about the awareness of the public about This technology and take ideas to improve the current system.

-Mudit Gupta

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The research paper discusses in depth the details and difficulties of implementing modern technology in the game of football on an international platform. Goal line technology or GLT is used on the goal post line to determine whether the ball has cleared the line and gone into the goal or not, hence determining whether a goal has been scored or not in some confusing situations. There are 3 different ways of implementing goal line technology in football, namely Hawk-eye, GoalRef Attachment, and Cairos GLT system. One of the most intense debates in the sporting world in the recent past was whether or not to include technology in football. Opposition to the motion was quite strong, reasons being technology would ruin the sport and the ambiguity is all part of the game. However, the decision to use goal line technology in football was finally agreed upon and implemented in the Club World Cup in 2012 and the FIFA World Cup in 2014. Particularly, technology in football was a huge success in the 2014 World Cup in Brazil, which led to the world accepting that GLT is the way forward in keeping the sport up with modern times. Goal line technology is now used regularly in most top level football competitions such as the Barclays Premier League, La Liga, Serie A etc.

- Harshavardhan Bapat

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http://www.ijser.org/onlineResearchPaperViewer.aspx?Improvement-in-Hot-Spot-Technology-in-Cricket.pdf

-Mudit Gupta

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Q.) What is Hotspot?

Hotspot is a technology which uses heat and Infrared cameras to detect The impact of an object using heat signatures.

Q.) What are the uses of hotspot technology in Cricket?

Hotspot has various uses in cricket. It makes the decisions more accurate and assists the umpires in making the game as fair as possible. It can be used to detect whether the batsman nicked the ball and hence help in making decisions regarding a LBW and caught behind.

Q.) When did it originate and when was it used first in cricket?

Hotspot originated as a military technique to detect tanks and fighter jets. It was first used in cricket in Gabba, Australia for the first match between England and Australia in the ashes series of 2006-07.

Q.)How does hotspot work?

In a match which uses the assistance of hotspot technology there are two Infrared cameras fixed on two opposite ends of the field. These cameras capture the interactions of the batsman with the ball. These images are then converted into negative images. the IR cameras which are fixed on the either side has a great function, because they have the capability to sense and measure any heat produced due to the friction generated by a collision. These are then used by the third umpire to check where the impact was and make the correct decision.

Q.)What are some drawbacks of Hotspot technology?

This technology is very expensive and sometimes also captures the heat o the air leading to inaccurate decisions.

-Mudit Gupta

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http://inpressco.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Paper543387-3390.pdf

- Harshavardhan Bapat