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What are the causes of educational exclusion of rural girls in Peru?

In addition, when girls do attend school, what obstacles are present and in which ways do "gender inequities persist"?

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The goals of the research performed as part of this study were directed towards bringing to light the obstacles affecting female students in accessing education. Once these issues are identified, organizations, teachers, administrators, and others may use them to better help their female students.

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The researcher is attempting to analyze the social structures in four Andean rural villages. She is critical of them because the research team has interpreted their observations of certain practices and environments as producing inequality in gender when it comes to schooling. The research team also criticize school practices and suggest changes in order to prevent drop-outs or exacerbating gender inequalities. The research team believes that their findings may lead to some change within the social structures of the villages. Their purpose in producing the knowledge through this study was to call for action.

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The research team demonstrate a critical ontology especially in the beginning of the chapter when they mention that Latin American countries have made some progress in primary enrollments, gender parity, and illiteracy. Although, they use statistics, they are framed in an ongoing struggle for power which reveals their stance on reality and their subjects.

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The methodology used is in part critical because it gives voices to the subjects who are subject to the oppression of being excluded from school based on their gender. The study was planned to give way to a "social transformation" in order to allow girls to attend school without obstacles. In part, the study is also constructivist because it relies strongly on naturalistic methods and also emphasizes the narratives of the families, students, and teaches who were part of the research, in many cases directly quoting them.

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The research team utilizes an ethnographic approach that includes observations, interviews, and visits to schools over time. Through these methods, the author created a picture of what was observed in the mind of the reader. The interpretations given to them tied all of the work together. In order to better paint their picture they also gathered data pertaining to the students, teachers, families, and learning and home conditions. They also sough to find out the reasons for the school attendance ratios and other data. The research team also presented the reader with small snapshots of daily life in the villages. This served to better portray the realities of life in the villages, especially for an audience who may not be familiar with the subjects beyond general information.