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All the following information is from the website "https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/" and from lessons provided by SES4U of TVO ILC.

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Size and scale: Has a radius of 695,508 km, and is about 109.2 times wider than the Earth

Characteristics:

Mass: 1.989 x 10³⁰kg

Density: 1.409g/cm³

Composition: Around 73.46% hydrogen, 24.85% helium, and traces of other elements as well, and has no atmosphere

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Location: Part of the inner solar system and the closest planet to the sun
Distance: 5.7909227 x 10⁷ km (0.39 AU) from the Sun
Scale: About a third of the width of Earth, and the smallest planet in the solar system

Equatorial Radius: 2,439.7 km

Characteristics :

Mass: 3.3010 x 10²³ kg

Density: 5.427 g/cm³

Atmosphere: Possesses thin exosphere composed of mostly oxygen, sodium, hydrogen, helium and potassium

Composition: Has a large metallic core and a thin rocky mantle and crust

Significant moons: Has no known moons
Orbiting characteristics: Takes 88 Earth days to orbit the sun (a Mercurian year) and takes 59 earth days/1416 hours to rotate once (a Mercurian day)

Mercury has an eccentric elliptical orbit making it's full day-night cycle around 176 Earth days/4224 hours

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Location: Part of the inner solar system and the 2nd planet from the sun
Distance: 1.0820948 x 10⁸ km (0.7 AU) from the Sun
Scale: Just slightly smaller than the Earth, and the 6th largest planet in the solar system

Equatorial Radius: 6,051.8 km

Characteristics :

Mass: 4.8673 x 10²⁴ kg

Density: 5.243 g/cm³

Atmosphere: 96% carbon, 3.5% nitrogen and traces of other gases

Composition:  Has an Iron core and a rocky mantle below a thin crust of rock

Significant moons: Has no known moons
Orbiting characteristics: Takes 225 earth days to orbit the sun (a Venusian year) and takes 243 Earth days/5,832 hours to rotate once (a Venusian day)

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Location: Part of the inner solar system and the 3rd planet from the sun
Distance: 1.4959826 x 10⁸ km (1 AU) from the Sun
Scale: The 5th largest planet in the solar system

Equatorial Radius: 6,371 km

Characteristics :

Mass: 5.9722 x 10²⁴ kg

Density: 5.513 g/cm³

Atmosphere: 78.08% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen and traces of other gases

Composition: Has an inner core of iron and nickel metal surrounded by an outer core of iron and nickel fluids, and a rocky mantle below a thin crust

Significant moons: Has a known total of 1 moon, the Moon
Orbiting characteristics: Takes 365.25 earth days to orbit the sun (an Earth year) and takes 23.9 hours to rotate once (an Earth day)

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Location: Part of the inner solar system and the 4th planet from the sun
Distance: 2.2794382 x 10⁸ km (1.52 AU) from the Sun
Scale: About half the width of the Earth, and the 7th largest planet in the solar system

Equatorial Radius: 3,389.5 km

Characteristics :

Mass: 6.4169 x 10²³ kg

Density: 3.934 g/cm³

Atmosphere: 95.97% carbon dioxide, 1.93% argon, 1.89% nitrogen and traces of other gases

Composition:  Dense iron, nickel, and sulfur core surrounded by a thick rocky mantle and covered by a crust made of iron, magnesium, aluminum, calcium and potassium

Significant moons: Has a known total of 2 moons, Phobos and Deimos
Orbiting characteristics: Takes 687 earth days to orbit the sun (a Martian year) and takes 24. 6 hours to rotate once (a Martian day)

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Location: The dividing zone between the Jovian and Terrestrial planets
Distance: 2.2 AU - 3.2 AU from the Sun
Characteristics: Flat disk shape
Composition: Contains an estimated amount of 1.1 and 1.9 million asteroids that are composed mostly of rock or metal
Orbiting characteristics: Asteroids revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits

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Location: Part of the outer solar system and the 5th planet from the sun
Distance: 7.7834082 x 10⁸ km (5.2 AU) from the Sun
Scale: About 11 times wider than the earth, and the largest planet in the solar system

Equatorial Radius: 69,911 km

Characteristics :

Mass: 1.8981 x 10²⁷ kg

Density: 1.326 g/cm³

Atmosphere: 89.9% hydrogen, 10.2% helium and traces of other gases

Composition: Possibly has a dense core made of rock, metal, and other compounds, and is surrounded by metallic hydrogen inside a layer of liquid hydrogen

Significant moons: Has a known total of 53 confirmed moons and 26 provisional moons, the most important moons being the Galilean moons (Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto)
Orbiting characteristics: Takes 4,333 earth days to orbit the sun (a Jovian year) and takes 10 hours to rotate once (a Jovian day)

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Location: Part of the outer solar system and the 6th planet from the sun
Distance: 1.4266664 x 10⁹ km (9.5 AU) from the Sun
Scale: About 9 times wider than the earth, and the 2nd largest planet in the solar system

Equatorial Radius: 58,232  km

Characteristics :

Mass: 5.6832 x 10²⁶ kg

Density: 0.687 g/cm³

Atmosphere: 96.3% hydrogen, 3.25% helium and traces of other gases

Composition: Has a dense core made of rock, metal, and other compounds, and is surrounded by metallic hydrogen inside a layer of liquid hydrogen

Significant moons: Has a known total of 53 confirmed moons and 29 additional provisional moons, the most important moons being Iapetus, Titan, Rhea, Dione, Tethys, Enceladus and Mimas
Orbiting characteristics: Takes 10,756 Earth days to orbit the sun (a Saturnian year) and takes 10.7 hours to rotate once (a Saturnian day)

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Location: Part of the outer solar system and the 7th planet from the sun
Distance: 2.8706582 x 10⁹ km (19.2 AU) from the Sun
Scale: About 4 times wider than the earth, and the 3rd largest planet in the solar system

Equatorial Radius: 25,362 km

Characteristics :

Mass: 8.6810 x 10²⁵ kg

Density: 1.270 g/cm³

Atmosphere: 83% hydrogen, 15% helium, 2.3% methane and traces of other gases

Composition: Has a small, rocky core below a hot dense fluid mixture of water, methane and ammonia

Significant moons: Has a known total of 27 moons, the most important moons being Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania and Oberon
Orbiting characteristics: Takes 30,687 earth days to orbit the sun (a Uranian year) and takes 17 hours to rotate once (a Uranian day)

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Location: Part of the outer solar system and the farthest planet (8th planet) from the Sun
Distance: 4.4983964 x 10⁹ km (30 AU) from the Sun
Scale: About 4 times wider than the earth, and the 4th largest planet in the solar system

Equatorial Radius: 24,622 km

Characteristics:

Mass: 1.0241 x 10²⁶kg

Density: 1.638 g/cm³

Atmosphere: 80% hydrogen, 19% helium, 1.5% methane and traces of other gases

Composition: Has a small, rocky core below a hot dense fluid mixture of water, methane and ammonia

Significant moons: Has a known total of 14 moons, the most important moons being Triton, Proteus, and Nereid
Orbiting characteristics: Takes 60,190 earth days to orbit the sun (a Neptunian year) and takes 16 hours to rotate once (a Neptunian day)

Its orbit meets the edge of the Kuiper belt

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Location: Second farthest region of the solar system that borders on Neptune's orbit
Distance: 30 - 55 AU from the sun
Characteristics: Flat disk shape
Composition: Mostly ice particles (methane, ammonia and water), which may then form comets
Orbiting characteristics: Orbits of Kuiper belt objects (KBOs) vary from circular to elliptical

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Location: Farthest from the Sun and is the most distant region of the solar system
Distance: Inner edge thought to be between 2,000 - 5,000 AU from the Sun and the outer edge 10,000 - 100,000 AU from the Sun
Characteristics: Spherical shape
Composition: Large collection of ice dust and comets
Orbiting characteristics: Objects have varied irregular orbits around the sun and do not follow a shared orbital plane