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Santa Fe Independent school district v. doe (2000)

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Santa Fe Independent school district v. doe (2000)

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in a 6-3 decision it was ruled that policy permitting student-led prayer at high school football games violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. context involves a student at santa fe high school reciting a prayer before each football game and a mormon and a catholic challenging a suit against this in claim that it violates the establishment clause of the first ammendment

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Capitol Square Review and Advisory Board v Pinette (1995)

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Capitol Square Review and Advisory Board v Pinette (1995)

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The KKK tried to place an unattended cross on Capitol Square (a plaza meant for discussion of public questions and public activity). The Board was able to regulate access to the square, and denied the request of the KKK. The Supreme Court ruled that the display of private religious speech is fully protected under the Free Speech Clause and the Board could only regulate it if it served a compelling state interest.

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In Greece, New York town meetings stared with a prayer from a member of the local clergy. The large majority of these prayers were Christian. The prayers started In 1999, but in 2007, Galloway sued the town because they said it violated the Establishment clause. The court ruled that this was not a violation because no one was coercing someone to follow Christianity.

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Good News Club v. Milford Central School

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Good News Club v. Milford Central School

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Milford Central School wouldn't allow the after school Good News Club to use their building facilities because of their religious nature, discriminating against the club because of its religious view.

The court decided that the school violated the clubs rights to free speech by religious discrimination, and that no establishment clause concern justifies this kind of violation.

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Texas offered tax exemption to a religious publication, and Texas Monthly Inc. claimed this promoted religion and violated the first amendments establishment clause
The court determined it was in violation of the establishment clause 6-3

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School District of Abington Township, Pennsylvania v. Schempp (1963)

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School District of Abington Township, Pennsylvania v. Schempp (1963)

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A Pennsylvania law required public school students to start the day by reading from the bible. The school district was looking for enforcement and the court found the law unconstitutional.
They ruled that it went against the First Amendment's Establishment Clause by 8-1.

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Walz v. Tax Comm'n of the City of New York (1969)

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Walz v. Tax Comm'n of the City of New York (1969)

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Frederick Walz challenged property tax exemptions for churches, saying that it forced him to indirectly support these institutions with his tax money and violates the establishment clause. The court said that the exemptions did not violate the establishment clause because the exemptions neither advanced nor inhibited religion.

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Ernest Chambers, a member in the Nebraska legislative, challenged the legislatures chaplaincy practice in federal court.
The Court upheld the chaplaincy practice because they said that it could be traced to the First Continental Congress and to the First Congress under the Bill of Rights. They believed it didn't violate the establishment clause.

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McCreary County v. American Civil Liberties Union (2005) 

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McCreary County v. American Civil Liberties Union (2005) 

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ACLU sued three Kentucky counties for displaying framed copies of the Ten Commandments in court houses and public schools. Their argument was that these displays were a violation of the First Amendment's establishment clause. This clause prohibits government from passing laws respecting a specific religion.
It was held that the displays did violate the establishment clause in a 5-4 vote.

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Frank Buono files suit to remove a cross on federal property that was a memorial for troops lost in World War 1. He said it violated the establishment cause of the first amendment and the district court agreed. The cross was covered. However it was appealed, went to the supreme court, and was overturned by a conservative majority saying Buono's argument lacked standing.

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This was a suit of Trump for over using the power of the executive branch. The court said that Trump did not over use his power, siding with Trump 5-4.

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Some drug store employees violated a Maryland law by selling items outside the Blue Laws on a Sunday, which listed only certain items to be sold on Sundays. The court found that this did not violate the establishment clause because by restricting certain items, the store only reported the losses as caused by economics, not religion.

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Prisoners in Ohio alleged in federal district court that prison officials violated The Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act by failing to accomodate the inmates' exercise of their "nonmainstream" religions.

The court ruled that this did not violate the establishment clause because the law was an effort to alleviate the "government-created burden" on religious exercise that prisoners faced, and the clause didn't descriminate between mainstream, and non mainstream religions.

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American Legion v American Humanist Association (2019)

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American Legion v American Humanist Association (2019)

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There is a 40 foot cross that honors fallen veterans in a memorial park in Maryland. The American Humanist Association argued that the cross violated the establishment clause. The case failed in the Supreme Court in a 7-2 vote. The opinion of the court suggested that although the cross carries Christian significance, it also holds historical importance. The cross largely represents the lives lost during World War 1. Therefore, it holds secular meaning as well and does not violate the Lemon test.

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A middle school graduation had a rabbi speak and prayer was recited during the ceremony. A parent (Weisman) wanted to ban clergy from speaking at school events.
Case brought to Supreme Court under question of does the inclusion of clergy who offer prayers at official public school ceremonies violate establishment clause?
The SC concluded 5-4 that a public school is state sponsered so it makes the government involved in the case, and the establishment clause says that government may not compose official prayers to recite or create a religious program. Since it was a public school, the clergy being at the event did violate the establishment clause of the 1st amendment.

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Van Orden sued Texas because they had a statue of the Ten Commandments on the ground of the state capitol building. He argued it represented an unconstitutional endorsement of religion. The Supreme Court declared that the statue did not violate the establishments clause of the First Amendment because the monument was recognizing the historical significance of the Commandments. The court argued that simply having a religious message/content does not violate the establishment clause.

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Parents of a Kentucky public school challenged the state law that the Ten Commandments must be posted in each public school classroom.
The court ruled that the Kentucky law violated the Establishment Clause of the Constitution. The requirement that the Commandments be posted had "no secular legislative purpose"

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The Adolescent Family Life Act (AFLA) channels federal funds to religious organizations via nonprofit organizations that offer adolescent pregnancy prevention and care services.
The court ruled that this was constitutional because AFLA's goal was not "the advancement of religion. " Also, the religious organizations had to show where the money was going, so the funds weren't misused.

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A voluntary prayer was recited at the start of every school day in New York.
The court ruled that this violated the establishment clause even if participation was not required and the prayer was not tied to a specific religion.