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A way of thinking about findings in psychology based on evolutionary principles. For example, how the mind processes information is dependent on the natural selection that occurred as our ancestors adapted to challenges of daily living.

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*Pavlov & Classical conditioning

*B.F. Skinner and Operant conditioning

Watch video to understand concepts:

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The difference between classical and operant conditioning - Peggy Andover

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A contemporary research specialty that follows in the footsteps of humanism by focusing on the qualities that enable people to be happy, optimistic, and resilient in times of stress

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*Behaviorism is primarily concerned with observable behavior, as opposed to internal events like thinking.
*Behavior is the result of stimulus – response (i.e. all behavior, no matter how complex, can be reduced to a

simple stimulus – response features).

*Behavior is determined by the environment (e.g. conditioning).

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*Ignores biology and cognition

*Deterministic

*Simple explanations for human behavior

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*Highly scientific/applicable

*Lots of data/experiments to support findings

*Insights into learning, language development, and

behavior therapy

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*Non scientific (purposefully)

*Ignores biology/unconscious mind

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*Values personal ideals and self-fulfillment

*Considerable influence in therapy, personality, motivation studies, self-help movements

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*Humans have free will; not all behavior is determined.
*All individuals are unique and have an innate (inborn) drive to achieve their maximum potential.
*A proper understanding of human behavior can only be achieved by studying humans - not animals.
*Psychology should study the individual case rather than the average performance of groups

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*Doesn't provide answers for biological (testosterone) or environmental causes of behavior

*Human minds are not exactly like computers

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*Many empirical studies to support findings

*Extremely scientific/applicable

*Strong force in the study of psychology,

e.g. workings of the mind

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*Extremely unscientific

*Studies came from small samples (biased)

*Sexist undertones

*Unfalsifiable (Difficult to prove wrong)

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*Made case study popular

*Emphasized childhood as role in adult behaviors/values

*Defense mechanisms

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*The major causes of behavior have their origin in the unconscious.
*Psychic determinism: all behavior has a cause/reason.
*Different parts of the unconscious mind are in constant struggle.
*Our behavior and feelings as adults (including psychological problems) are rooted in our childhood experiences

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*Cognitive psychology is a pure science, based mainly on laboratory experiments.
*Behavior can be largely explained in terms of how the mind operates, i.e. the information processing approach.
*The mind works in a way similar to a computer: inputting, storing and retrieving data.

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*Reductionist (causes of behavior too limited)

*No emphasis on cognitive processes

*Doesn't take environmental factors into account

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*Clearly enhanced "nature" side of debate, e.g.

genetic studies (inheritance)

*Strong experimental procedures

*Predictions (tested & proven)

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*Psychology should be seen as a science, to be studied in a scientific manner (usually in a laboratory setting).
*Behavior can be largely explained in terms of biology
(e.g. genes/hormones).
*Human genes have evolved over millions of years to adapt

behavior to the environment.

Therefore, most behavior will have an adaptive /

evolutionary purpose.

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Use this wall to complete

assessment for Lesson 1.4

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http://www.simplypsychology.org/perspective.html