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86 BC

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35 BC

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The War with Catiline (Bellum Catilinae) 43-42 BC

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The War with Catiline (Bellum Catilinae) 43-42 BC

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Bellum Catilinae was his first monograph, and it followed the conspiracy of Catiline. Catiline was a patrician who tried to seize power illegally in 63 BC but was ultimately unsuccessful. Sallust wrote about the danger of his crime and the virtue of Caesar and Cato who took part in the senatorial debate about what to do with the conspirators.

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In 52 BC he became a Tribune of the Plebs (tribunus plebis). This was the first office open to the plebeians and was an important check on the power of the Roman Senate.

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Roman Commander arrives in Egypt looking for support in the First Mithridatic War (89-84)

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Roman Commander arrives in Egypt looking for support in the First Mithridatic War (89-84)

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The Roman Fleet Commander Licinius Lucullus arrives in Egypt seeking their support against Mithridates VI of Pontus. He receives hospitality from the Egyptians, but ultimately no help.

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Marius and Cinna march on Rome (87-86 BC)

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Marius and Cinna march on Rome (87-86 BC)

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This happened during a civil war in Rome between Sulla and Marius. Marius and L. Cornelius Cinna marched on Rome and occupied it after a short battle. They were made joint consuls and banned any support of Sulla. This ended when Marius died of a stroke in 86 BC, and Cinna was left in sole control of Rome.

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The First Mithridatic War (87 BC to 86 BC)

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The First Mithridatic War (87 BC to 86 BC)

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The Romans laid siege to Athens and Piraeus. The Romans were led by Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix and the Greek Pontian forces were led by Aristion and Archelaus.

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Famine sets in as Crops along the Nile are not fruitful (46-44 BC)

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Famine sets in as Crops along the Nile are not fruitful (46-44 BC)

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Egypt relies on the Nile overflowing every season to produce fertile land for crops like grain to be planted. However in these years the Nile did not overflow creating a food shortage that was exacerbated by political corruption.

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Auletes was driven out by the Alexandrian mob (58 BC)

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Auletes was driven out by the Alexandrian mob (58 BC)

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Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos, was nicknamed Auletes, and was known as a flute player. He succeeded Ptolemy XI, who was lynched by the same alexandrian mob in 80BC.

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Assigned governor of Africa Nova (46-44 BC)

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Assigned governor of Africa Nova (46-44 BC)

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After modest success in Caesar's African campaigns he was assigned to govern the new providence of Africa Nova. However he was accused of extortion and other mis-handlings of the providence when he returned to Rome where he would end his political career

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Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator and Cleopatra VII succeed their father (51 BC)

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Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator and Cleopatra VII succeed their father (51 BC)

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Auletes was restored to his throne by the Romans in 55 BC, however he dies only a few years later in 51 BC leaving his crumbling kingdom to his ten year old son Ptolemy XIII and his seventeen year old daughter Cleopatra VII.

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After the fall of the Ptolemaic Dynasty, Egypt was collapsing. During this time Rome invaded and successfully conquered Egypt.

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The Second Triumvirate was Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus. After the defeat of Pompey, Lepidus stationed his legions in Sicily and argued that it should be part of his territory. Octavian accused him of trying to take power and removed him from the triumvirate. Lepidus was exiled to Circeii and his legions transferred to Octavian.

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Cicero always opposed Caesar who was a close friend of Mark Antony. After Caesar's death and the creation of the triumvirate, a proscription with the names of everyone associated with the death of Caesar was created. The people on this list were assassinated, and Cicero was included because he associated himself with Caesar's murderers. He was beheaded on December 7, 43 BC.

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Caesar built two sets of fortifications 42 miles long. With 42,000 men, he traps 100,00 Gauls inside the fort and uses 250,000 soldiers as a relief force on the outside.

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Cleopatra VII and Mark Antony distributed lands they held amongst Cleopatra's children, including Caesarion who was given control of Greece alongside his mother as co-rulers.

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On the Ides of March in 44 BC, Caesar was assassinated during a senate meeting in the Theatre of Pompey. Brutus and Cassius, along with other co-conspirators in the senate stabbed him a total of 23 times.

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A battle fought in Greece between Mark Antony, one of the best Roman generals, and Octavian, heir of Caesar. This battle involved 36 legions and was very bloody. Antony was declared as winner, but this battle did not settle the dispute over who would rule Rome.

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Julius Caesar faced Pompey in a battle. Caesar was greatly outnumbered, but his troops were more seasoned. Caesar won the battle and proceeded to rule as a dictator until his assassination.

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The Battle of Thapsus took place during Caesar's Civil War on February 6 near Thapsus (present-day Tunisia). Caesar had previously laid siege to Thapsus, and Scipio, leader of the Pompeians, drew up his 14 legions to relieve it. The Romans overwhelmed them and they were defeated.

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Julius Caesar founded the colony of Corinth in 44 BC. It was founded on top of an old Greek City that had been destroyed in 146 BC. The location of this colony, at the isthmus, was very strategic.

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Map of Known World During the First Mithridatic War

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Map of Known World During the First Mithridatic War

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This colony of people arose around 50 BC in Northwest Alaska. The site for their colony was right around the Bering Strait. Archaeologists have found house depressions, burial masks, weapons, carvings and more. Their finely crafted stone tools were a big part of their culture.

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Cato the Younger and Scipio commit suicide (46 BC)

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Cato the Younger and Scipio commit suicide (46 BC)

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Rather than hand themselves over to Caesar, Cato and Scipio committed suicide after losing the Battle of Thapsus.

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Romans raise armies in preparation for the first Mithridatic War (89 BC)

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Romans raise armies in preparation for the first Mithridatic War (89 BC)

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To defend the Roman province of Asia Minor against the Mithridates, they raised three armies, all formed from the territory. This is because all that was stationed in Asia Minor was a single legion of Roman infantry. The romans were able to raise all three armies, each comprised of 40,000 men.

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Caesar followed his opponents, including Scipio, to Africa and landed in Hadrumentum on December 28. Petreius and Labeinus led forces against Caesar, but the battle was indecisive and both sides retreated.

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Map of surrounding countries and provinces 

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Map of surrounding countries and provinces 