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Is a networking devices that allow multiple computers to communicate with each other over a network by broadcasting all incoming data to all active ports.

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Is a networking devices that allow multiple computers to communicate with each other over a network by broadcasting all incoming data to all active ports.

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4-12 ports

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It's a hub that allows you to connect multiple PCs in a single network,It is used to connect a land a packet arrives at 1 port copied to various other ports,A hub works as a common connection point for devices in a network.

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1. Network Hub, it is a hub that allows multiple computers to communicate with each other over a network.
2. USB hub,Is a hub that allows multiple peripherals to connect through a single USB port

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* cheap and simple
* Can connect different media types

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* Half Duplex
* Wastes bandwidth
* Causes unnecessary traffic

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Is a networking device that connects hosts by receiving incoming data packets and redirects them to their intended destination
4-52 ports

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Switch uses the MAC address to identify which device attached outgoing packets are being sent from and where to deliver incoming packets
MAC address identify the device to the network layer the IP address can be assigned to a device and change over time

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1.  LAN Switch - are usually used to connect points on a company's internal LAN. It is also known as a data switch or an Ethernet switch.
2.  Unmanaged Switch - are frequently used in home networks, small companies and business. It permits devices on the network to connect with each other, such as computer to computer or printer to computer in one location.
3.  Managed Switch - Compared to unmanaged switches, the advantage of managed switches is that they can be customized to enhance the functionality of a certain network. These types of switches in networking can support a range of advanced features designed to be controlled by a professional administrator.
4. PoE Switch - is a network switch that utilizes Power over Ethernet technology. These types of switches in networking provide greater flexibility and you will never have to worry about power outlet when deploying network devices.
5. Stackable Switch - provide a way to simplify and increase the availability of the network. these types of switches in networking, such as you can create link aggregation groups spanning across multiple units in the stack, port mirror traffic from one unit in the stack to another, or setup ACLs/QoS spanning all the units.

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* Full duplex
* Keep a record of MAC address
* Prevents bandwidth waste
* Increases networe size

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* More Expensive

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Is a kind of networking device that interconnects 2 or more networks together by LAN into different segments.

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Bridges work by dividing a LAN into segments and help the host send and receive data to the specific segment where the receiver or through another host.

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1. Transparent bridge - A transparent bridge is invisible to the other devices on the network.
2. Translational bridge—A translational bridge can convert from one networking system to another.
3. Source-route bridge—Source-route bridges were designed by IBM for use on Token Ring networks.

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* Reduces Network Traffic
* Prevents Bandwidth Waste
* Keep a record Mac Addresses

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* Expensive
* Slower than Hub

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Is a network devices that replicates and amplifies a received signal to an extended geographical area.

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Repeater works by amplifying the received signal then rebroadcasts it to another area. By amplifying the signal a repeater increases the transmission range of the original signal.

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1. WI-FI Repeater - is used to extend the coverage area of your Wi-Fi network.
2. Network Repeater - the specific characteristics of this is that whatever it receives it transmits to the other LAN segment this does not understand the frame format and also physical addresses.
3. Telephone Repeater - is used to amplify signals to support and carry long distance calls.
4. Submarine Cable Repeater - typical submarine cable system.
5. Radio Repeater - this is used to extend the coverage of Radio signals.

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* It amplifies the signal
* It does not affect the performance of the network when its performing its task on the signals.
* Repeaters can be used in different mediums for reception and transmission.
* It does not increase / decrease the network traffic.

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* It is not possible to connect different network architectures using repeater. For this router / gateway is needed.
* The number of repeaters to be used are limited between 2 ends. More repeaters create noise on the wire which result into packet collisions / problems in the packet detection.
* Repeaters do not perform filtering of the data

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Is a networking device that allows devices to send and receive devices data over the internet by converting analog signal into a digital signal and vice versa.

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Is a networking device that allows devices to send and receive devices data over the internet by converting analog signal into a digital signal and vice versa.

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Is short for "Modulator-Demodulator."

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Modem demodulates incoming analog signals into a digital signals.

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Modem demodulates incoming analog signals into a digital signals.

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Modem modulates outgoing digital signals into an analog signal.

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1. Cable Modem - is a modem that uses coaxial cables to provide cable TV and high-speed internet access.
2. DSL Modem = is a modem used to transfer digital signals over standard telephone lines.
3. USB Modem - is a portable modem (known as dongle) that plugs directly into a USB port and uses a SIM-card to connect to the internet.

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* High transmission speed
* Support different media types

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* Vulnerable to malware and hackers
* Expensive

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Is a networking device that connects computers and other devices to the internet by acting as a dispatcher that chooses the best route for the packets to travel.

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a router us what routes / passes your internet connection to all of devices.
It routes or passes the internet connection to all devices connected to it by distributing data packets to intended destination using the IP addresses of each device.

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1. Wired Router - are typically bow-shaped devices that connect directly to computers via "hand-lined" or wired connections.
2. Wireless Router - is a router that distributes internet connection through one or more antenna (wireless access points).
3. Brouter - is a combination of bridge and router.
It can forward data between networks (serving as a bridge) but can also route data to individual systems within a network (serving as a router).
4. Modem Router - is the most common router used nowadays.
It is a router with built-in USB port and Ethernet ports.

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* Communication across networks,
* Keeps a record of IP Address
* Prevents Bandwidth waste
* Increase network Size.

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* More expensive
* Security Risk