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Sociology of education is philosophical as well as a sociological concept, denoting ideologies and pedagogical techniques of the insulation and management of knowledge and the social reproduction of personalities and cultures

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- Strong role of Government
- Balance between liberty and social justice
_Enhancement of the freedom for the people and protects them from by providing state welfare.

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Is the period of social and economic change where people moved from rural lands to more urbanized areas to take up jobs in the industry as it seemed more lucrative and profitable than doing rural jobs such as farming

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this is the process where an individual has a personal identity and they learn norms, value, behaviour and social skills appropriate to his or her social position.

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With the rise of industrialisation and technological advances making factory work replace traditional methods of making things, many people left the country side and moved to towns and cities in search of jobs.

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As countries realised the wealth and resources that could be gained by the colonisation of previously untapped resources such as America and Africa. This contributed to the rise of capitalism and changed the structure of society

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Social Solidariy
Mechanical and Organic Solidarity.
Mechanical - Societies with low division of labour and high degree of religious commitment.
Organic - More individualistic society with High division of labour

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Economic System that emerged in Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries. It is the means of producing and distributing goods. It is heavily criticised by sociologists such as Marx, and Durkheim. Marx believed that Capitalism caused alienation of workers. Durkheim believed that it led to high suicide rates.

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The action or process of reforming an institution or practice. This was when the protestant reformation was taking place in Britain. It was beginning to pave the way for peoples ideas of social organization. Yet, Durkheim's idea of religion gave people a sense of solidarity even if he was a atheist

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- This is when you remove the church from the state
- Seeks to give everyone religious freedoms
- Wants to make sure that there is fairness in terms of democracy and education without religion being a deciding factor

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Increasing knowledge and education, enlightenment. The evolution from a rural to an unamused scientific developed organised society.
- Transformation from a traditional society to a industrial society
- Modernisation is a continuous process

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to test existing theories or new hypotheses to support or disprove them. An experiment usually tests a hypothesis, which is an expectation about how a particular process or phenomenon works.

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This refers to the replacement of traditions, values and emotions as motivators for behaviour in society, with rational calculated ones. Concept created by Max Weber. This led to new practices through rationalisation which were apparent in the creation of 'bureaucracies' which has spread through all aspects of society.

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- When a country/nation successfully takes over another state and controls it
-Empire set up colonies to exploit their economies
-'Scramble for Africa' included countries throughout Europe who were trying to expand their Empires.
- Provided wealth for western European countries like Britain
- Herbert Spencer created a scientific justification for racism. He suggested that white people were more advanced and evolved than black people.

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The process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger due to the gradual increase of people living in urban areas compared to rural. This led to Industrialisation as cities were growing and offered factory work instead of agricultural jobs in rural area.

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Learning the world best through our sensory experiences that we can relate to an ideal state.

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-When a social group can take from another group
-Linked to social oppression
-Can include noneconomic forms such as sexual exploitation

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- Dates back to the 1500s
- Church was the most powerful organisation and anyone who challanged the 'word' of God faced serious punishment or death
- Once reformation occurred, people had more freedom to explore other explanations.
- Paved the way for Change within society
- ideas had an impact of the foundations of sociology which then established as a science