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Who: Thomas Jefferson
What: A document on religion and government
When: 1786
Where: Virginia
Why:  He wanted to be remembered for more than just the Declaration of Independence, and so he wrote this on religious freedom
How: It would keep church and government separate so that religion was by your choice

Source: http://www.vahistorical.org/collections-and-resources/virginia-history-explorer/thomas-jefferson

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Who: Thomas Jefferson/ George Mason/ Everyone
What: The opening of the Declaration of Independence
When: June 12, 1776 (Written before this though. This was just the date it was added to he Declaration).
Where: Virginia
Why: To set a standard for a government, and basic rights that everyone has.
How: By writing out basic rights and rules for the government, as well as natural human rights.

Source: http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/virginia_declaration_of_rights.html

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Who: James Madison
What: The first 10 amendments added to the Constitution
When:1791
Where:Virginia
Why:To increase the protection of individual rights
How:Stating and listing prohibitions on power of the government

Source:https://www.billofrightsinstitute.org/founding-documents/bill-of-rights/

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Who: Anyone who agreed with the U.S. Constitution
What: People who supported the federal government
When: 1787
Where:All over the colonies
Why: They agrees with the Constitution and that it would create a well-rounded government
How:supposedly by limiting major government power

Source:http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/federalist

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Who: Anyone that did not agree with the ratification of the Constitution
What: A group that did not agree with the ratification of the Constitution because they were afraid of corruption
When: Around 1787
Where: All over the colonies
Why: They felt the Constitution would end up in corruption
How: It wasn't in their belief of how to limit the power of the government

Source:http://www.ushistory.org/us/16b.asp

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Who: James Madison/Edmund Randolph
What: A written proposition for a 3-branch government
When: 1787 (May 29th)
Where: Virginia
Why: To limit one person/branch from having too much power
How: It would have 3 branches, and 2 separate houses. (Also creating check and balances)

Source: https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=7

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Who: Colonists/people appointed
What: a branch that can take "extreme cases" and dispute them (such as the supreme court)
When: 1787(Virginia Plan)
Where: Virginia/colonies
Why: To limit any wrong going in jurisdiction
How: Checks and Balances, consistency in judges

Source: https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/judicial-branch

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Who: Colonists that were elected in
What: A branch that enables congress to "use" legislation and to declare war
When: 1787 (with the Virginia Plan)
Where: Virginia/All of the colonies
Why: Would limit the ability for the government to just declare war, add laws, or any of the above without being checked
How: Checks and Balances, as well as multiple "stages" it is required to go through

Source:https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/legislative-branch

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Who: The President as well as the "Cabinets"
What: This branch is designed to help enforce laws, as well as control the armed forces
When: 1787(Virginia Plan)
Where: All over the colonies, but directly in Virginia
Why: It would limit overall power to one specific branch
How: Checks and Balances

Source:https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/executive-branch

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Who: U.S. government
What: It was the first constitution of the U.S.
When: 1776-1787
Where: Virginia
Why: To set up how the government was run (it did a bad job to say the least)
How: Left with a weak central government and power in the state governs

Source:https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/articles.html