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Most health stores are tainted with the irony that so few of their products are actually healthy, from herbal potions of unknown purity and utility to dietary supplements capitalizing on recent trends in weight loss or hair gain.

Now, two more studies question a longstanding staple at the health store, protein supplements, usually sold as a powder with testosterone-fueled names like Muscle Max 500 or Mega Monster Mass.

Such supplements are top sellers. But a growing body of research shows you don't need protein supplementation unless you are a professional-level athlete in intense training or perhaps gravely ill from starvation or a wasting disease, and even then the need would be a case-by-case call.

The new studies highlight the fact that the most benign thing about protein supplements is that you're only wasting money. You reap little benefit and instead put yourself at risk for kidney, bone and heart disease.
Do the math
Medical researchers have advised against protein supplements for years for the average person. But many sports trainers continue to push them on amateur athletes simply because they don't know any better.

You do need protein when you exercise, particularly when you try to build muscle through weightlifting or other forms of resistance training. The process of building muscle involves causing damage to muscle filaments and then rebuilding them, and this requires more protein.

Yet unless the Mr. Universe competition is in your future, your diet likely supplies all the protein you need. The math is quite simple. When training, you need about a half gram of protein per pound of body weight. So a 180-pound male needs about 90 grams of protein a day. That's the amount of protein in a cup of milk or yogurt with breakfast (8-12 grams), a can of tuna with lunch (40 grams), and a six-ounce steak with dinner (42 grams).

Meat has a generous 6 to 10 grams of protein per ounce. But even vegetarians can get enough protein from vegetables, even while training hard.
Experts whey in
A study published last month, in the journal Nutrition, surveyed more than 1,000 adults at 50 ordinary commercial gyms and found that nearly half the men were taking dietary supplements, largely protein powders, with no supervision. None needed protein, the researchers concluded.

Similarly, a smaller study - a master's thesis by Martin Fréchette from University of Montreal - probed the diets of elite athletes, part of the Canadian Sport Centre Dietary Study. More than 90 percent of these athletes were taking dietary supplements, on recommendation of trainers or friends; only 25 percent could explain why they were taking it; and of those using protein supplements, more than 80 percent already had sufficient dietary protein intake.

More disturbing is how the protein habit starts early.

A 2008 study published in the Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research documented how protein supplements are common among high school athletes, who take the stuff largely on recommendation from coaches and friends under the misconception that protein equals strength.
False fuel
Few people in the United States suffer from lack of protein. The average non-exercising adult only needs about 60 grams a day. People who add powered soy, whey or other protein sources to their diet usually are just adding calories with no impact on muscle growth.

No studies have identified definitively short-term health problems from excess protein, but this has been associated with kidney failure, osteoporosis and heart disease. The reason is that unused protein cycles through the blood and ultimately breaks down into urea and acidic byproducts. These byproducts strain the kidneys as they filter through and likely trigger bone to release calcium. Very recent studies reveal how protein causes inflammation and increases the risk of clogged arteries.

Some protein powders, namely the ones with thunderbolts on the label, contain more than 100 grams of protein per serving. That protein alone is 400 calories, but usually other ingredients bump up the total to nearly 1,000 calories. You'd need a serious workout to process all that.

Some bodybuilders feel they need a gram of protein per pound of body weight, depending on the intensity of the training. If you do use a supplement, then it is best during or just after a workout so that the damaged muscles can use that protein for repair.

Note, however, that despite the word "fuel" in the names of many supplements, your muscles aren't burning protein unless you're in starvation mode. If you have the luxury to belong to a gym and spend time purposefully exercising, you're likely not starving.
Christopher Wanjek is the author of the books "Bad Medicine" and "Food At Work." His column, Bad Medicine, appears each Tuesday on LiveScience.

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Protein Supplement Myth Revealed by Body of Work

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Most health stores are tainted with the irony that so few of their products are actually healthy, from herbal potions of unknown purity and utility to dietary supplements capitalizing on recent trends in weight loss or hair gain.

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where did the mcdonalds question go omg 

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where did the mcdonalds question go omg 

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Food reader p103  Can slaughterhouses be refined to make them even more humane? Would similar
design methods work for controlling people in heavily populated areas? Would it be wise for zoos to employ similar methods of animal manipulation?

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Summary: This article is about the use of pesticides by commercial farmers and how organic farmers are using non-traditional methods such as natural predators in order to rid crops of harmful insects.
Questions: 1. What could be the potential impact of commercial farms stopping the use of pesticides on produce?
2. What steps would have to be taken in order to make a transition from commercial farms using pesticides to stopping this use of pesticides?
3. Why do farmers use pesticides that could be toxic and harmful to consumers?
4. What are the best options to replace the use of toxic pesticides on produce?

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http://www.just-food.com/analysis/how-concerned-are-us-consumers-about-cage-free-eggs

Summary: Big name egg companies are trying to move over to cage-free eggs in order to jump into a market where there are few producers. Most Americans don't care about where their eggs come from but the minority of Americans who have a voice on the issue also hold a lot of power from an ethical standpoint of Americans. Although there are a couple of advantages of joining this market, there are many disadvantages as well.

What will happen to the fast food industry after McDonalds switches to cage-free eggs and how will consumers react to their increase in price for an Egg Mcmuffin?

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http://www.livescience.com/8086-protein-supplement-myth-revealed-body-work.html

Protein is discussed through this article to see if protein is good for the body. It is good but to much is bad.
- Would it be better for stores to label the containers of what protein does for the body and how much someone should take?
- would it be better to sell a normal per gram protein than extra protein per gram?

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Summary: This article brings awareness to the amount of food that is being wasted in the US every day.
1. How can the US citizens' food waste awareness be improved by the USDA?
2. How can the USDA influence the youth about food awareness in order to reduce throwing away food as they grow up?
3. If restaurants were more aware of how much food is being thrown away, could they be a big impact on the US citizens?

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http://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/why-gmo-foods-should-be-labeled-n423451
summary: this article focuses on whether or not food containing GMOs should be labeled or not.
inquiry questions
1. Does food containing GMOs cause harm to humans?
2. Does the government have the power to regulate the states rights on deciding the labeling of GMOs.
3. If products containing GMOs are labeled, will it cause a decrease in GMO production.
4. Will food costs increase if GMO containing products are labeled

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Under NAFTA, Mexico Suffered, and the U.S. Felt It's Pain

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Under NAFTA, Mexico Suffered, and the U.S. Felt It's Pain

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http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2013/11/24/what-weve-learned-from-nafta/under-nafta-mexico-suffered-and-the-united-states-felt-its-pain?nytmobile=0?referer=https://www.google.com/
This article focuses on the NAFTA treaty between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico and the long term effects, specifically to Mexico's economy.
1. In what ways has NAFTA helped and hurt the economic system in Mexico and how does it differ from the expected results?
2. By creating a larger economy, has NAFTA helped Mexico become a bigger player in the trade world and what are the implications of these results?
3. How has the economy in the U.S. grown since NAFTA and does the success between them and Mexico have an inverse relationship?

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Gmo's do not have govenment restrictions and companies are not required to indicate when gmo's have been used. The article also talks about gmo's and animals. They have been incorporating hormones and other modified chemicals that are making the animals grow larger faster.

Inquiry Question:
1.Are the restrictions on animals being treated with gmo's the same as the restrictions on plants?
2.What impacts does the animal occur when they have been given gmos?
2.Why arent food companies required to  indicated when their product has gmos in it?
4.Why doesnt the state have any regulation on what crops and animals gmos are used on.
Brittany Andrighetti

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summary: bees are disappearing at an alarming rate and the main cause is unknown.  This could cause crop production to decrease.

Inquiry questions
1.     Are the decrease in bees a direct link to the use in pesticides and other harmful chemicals used in agriculture?

2.     What would be the best ways to bring back a healthy bee population, how would this help crop production?

3.     Is development of the bee’s habitat a disruption to their natural behavior, and is this causing their numbers to drop?

4.     What are the consequences if the bee population continues to drop, and what will that do to the amount of food available?

Jon Koehler

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Summary: This article is about the about obese people and how salivating more might be the link to why they eat more.

1. Does salivation in obese people make them want to eat more food?
2. How can salivation have an effect on obese people causing them to eat more food?
3. Why do more obese people tend to overeat?

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http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/12/07/458490852/eat-up-how-cultural-messages-can-lead-to-eating-disorders
Summary: This article discusses the lack of eating disorder research for all ethnic groups and the lack of knowledge in these groups families.
1. How has the lack of culturally wide eating disorder research affected people of those ethnic groups?
2.How has the generation influences affected men/women in those homes eating habits?
3.How are eating habits different between each ethnic groups?

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This article focuses on potential causes and solutions for increases in weight gain for college students.

1.How much of an effect do the buffet style dining halls have on weight gain and decreased nutrition?
2.After moving off campus, how does the price of healthy foods effect a college students nutritional habits?
3.How much of the nutrition decline in college be attributed to elevated levels of stress and workload?

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Food Reader- Wendell Berry
My article is about the farmers who are switching over from using workers to working with machines.
Inquiry Questions:
1. How are the machines financially benefiting the farms using them.
2. How does machine farming negatively impact the land after farming?
3. How much more do farmers who rely on machines, get subsidized from the government and why?

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http://advocacy.britannica.com/blog/advocacy/2008/08/the-pros-and-cons-of-fish-farming/
Fish farming is one of the most harmful aquaculture production systems because of its detrimental effects on the surrounding environment.
1.)   What are some of the things that the public do to help stop or limit fish farming?

2.)What are the harmful effects that fish farming has on the environment and what kinds of long term problems can these have on the ocean?

3.)How can companies against fish farming get the information out there about the harmful effects of the process?

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http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/23/upshot/restrictions-on-food-stamp-purchases-can-improve-diets.html
Summary: This article examines the correlation between obesity and the SNAP program
Inquiry Questions:
1. How could we restrict SNAP benefits without making those who are using SNAP feel embarrassed?
2. What could the government do to assure that the people receiving SNAP fall below or at the line of poverty?
3. Should the government choose to subsidize more healthy food industries (fruit, whole grain, organic dairy, legumes, vegetables, egg producers, local fisherman, and grass fed protein), in attempt to make junk food more expensive, and therefore less appealing to consumers?

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http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB4549.html

Summary: RAND researchers, Roland Sturm and Kenneth Wells, conclude that obesity leads to more health risks than drinking, smoking, and poverty.

Inquiry Questions:
1. How can the government play a role in promoting healthier lifestyles?
2. How can family members and close friends support each other in the fight against obesity?
3. What are the plans for the future on how to control our nations obesity problem?
4. How can we reduce childhood obesity rates?

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As you're working with your group, post your article link here. Write a one sentence summary of your article. Write your 3 to 4 inquiry questions here as well, and modify them, if needed, as you work with you group. Be sure to make your post's title informative about your article. (Double click to edit your original posts).