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"Narrative Videos are ones that follow a visual story or plot"

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The 1975 - Settle Down

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A pure Narrative video will not contain any lip syncing.

The narrative will usually have some sort of association with the lyrics and the song.

They will often have jumps in time to keep the audience interested and engaged.

Engima codes are often used.

Time can be manipulated.

The Narrative-Performance hybrid is the most commonly used style in music videos because of its versatility. It can show the artist performing the song (which links to their branding and the way that the audience like to see the artist represent their song), whilst having a storyline that captures the lyrics.

In a Narrative-performance video, the artist or band will usually appear as part of the narrative or as an observer.

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Quentin Tarantino has said

"All stories must have a beginning, middle and end. Just not necessarily in that order."

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Non-Linear Narratives are common in music videos because of their ability to have jumps in time without confusing an audience like it would if it were a film. Anachronic narratives contain flashbacks or flash-forwards, all equally as important to the present day storyline. An example of this is Settle Down by the 1975.

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Linear Narrative - a linear narrative is one that follows a clear beginning, middle and end structure. Todorov theorised this by creating his narrative structure. This says that all stories have:

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There are three ways that narratives are constructed

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There are three ways that narratives are constructed

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Illustration - the visuals directly or closely mirror the lyrics and themes of the song ('You Belong With Me' by Taylor Swift)

Amplification - The narrative is inspired by the themes of the song and the lyrics, but also adds another narrative to compliment the themes. (Pompeii by Bastille)

Disjuncture - The narrative does not directly mirror the lyrics or the themes of the song. It holds very little relationship to the song and is fairly arbitrary.

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Beyoncé - Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It) (Video Version)

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Beyoncé - Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)

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Beyoncé - Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)

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Single Ladies by Beyoncé is solely a performance video, but it is structured in a way that both mirrors and is arbitrary to the themes of the song and its lyrics, like some Narrative videos do.

The music video features Beyoncé, the artist, at the forefront of the video throughout, supported by two backup dancers. The lyrics are amplified as she is dancing because she is now free from her relationship; therefore the visuals are amplifying and interpreting the narrative in the lyrics.

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Examples of Amplification in 'Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)

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Examples of Amplification in 'Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)

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In the music video, there are times when the lyrics are directly mirrored in the visuals. For example, when Beyoncé sings "Now put your hands up", the dancers are seen throwing their hands up. This is repeated several times throughout the video which makes the song and the choreography memorable, encouraging the audience to watch it over and over again. Another time when amplification and repetition is used is when the artist sings "If you like it then you should've put a ring on it" and they all point to their bare ring fingers.

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In terms of mise-en-scene, lighting is key to the construction of the music video. It changes from white to dark grey regularly throughout the video in time with the tempo of the song. For example, after the introduction leading into the first verse, the lighting changes so that the audience can "see the sound" (one of Goodwin's theories) which makes the visuals appealing and engaging.