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오방색[obangsek] colors
- 5 traditional colors
(based on eastern religions)
-associated with five directions and often appear in Korean clothing, architecture, art, food and symbols.
+6th Color - Green due to cultural significance

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- Most Commonly used color in Korea.

- Koreans were referred to as White clad people because commoners wore white 'Hanboks'.

-White worn for wedding and new year.

- symbolizes purity ,innocence,peace and patriotism
-traditionally represents element metal and direction - west

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-associated with mastery
and ending point of a cycle
(Darkness after mastery, Place beyond light)

-element of water and direction-north

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-represents starting point for developing knowledge and expanding the mind

-was traditionally worn with other colors as part of stripe on Korean clothing(wearing obansek stripe give the children and royalty protection from evil spirits)

-represents earth and center direction

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-represents masculine energy, sun and life force

-symbolises passion and historically, it wasn't appropriate to wear red. Now, red is associated with passion for sports and to show support.
-Associated with fire and direction-south

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-blue and green were traditionally represented as a single color

-with western influence, they now have separate words in  Hangul.
-symbolize prosperity, fresh start, and auspicious beginning

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South Korea having the fastest speed of internet, made the people naturally active in social media. Korea has a lot of Social media stars, who are ALWAYS on SNS.
Most people in Korea atleast have facebook and the active ones all on instagram.

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-colors are consistently seen on their football team

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-In the flag, eum/yin which means cool, feminine energy associated with the moon and is passive, yielding and receptive.

-Represents death

-Associated with wood and direction-east

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America has long been heralded as the land of equal opportunity. It is almost universally regarded as the pinnacle of democracy and egalitarianism. Yet it would surprise many to note the persisting disparity between the rights of men and women in American society today. Though the nation has made great leaps in the direction of equal gender rights, it has recently stagnated, and many would argue has even moved backward. Additionally, very little if any consideration is given to the growing population of American transgender citizens who do not recognize the traditional gender binary. The roles played by the members of each gender in American society reflect a burgeoning problem about the lack equality between the sexes.

Women in America do not generally have a poor standard of living. They are certainly not plagued with the same concerns as women in many African, Middle Eastern and Asian societies. This, however, is not to say there is no room for improvement. There is in fact plenty of improvement warranted. Women in America usually still fulfill the role of “homemaker.” The woman is still regarded as the caretaker of children, the party responsible for meals and cleanliness and the nurturer. Though the majority of American women do maintain careers, they are still relegated these responsibilities.

Conversely, American men still enjoy considerable power and affluence in society. They hold the highest paying and most prestigious jobs and are regarded as the primary providers and sustainers of the family. Aside from the obvious disadvantages these roles place on women, many men are also adversely affected. A man that fails to provide for his family or achieves relatively little success in life is regarded as inadequate and has having failed to sufficiently satisfy his societal role.
Women in America do not generally have a poor standard of living. They are certainly not plagued with the same concerns as women in many African, Middle Eastern and Asian societies. This, however, is not to say there is no room for improvement. There is in fact plenty of improvement warranted. Women in America usually still fulfill the role of “homemaker.” The woman is still regarded as the caretaker of children, the party responsible for meals and cleanliness and the nurturer. Though the majority of American women do maintain careers, they are still relegated these responsibilities.

Even more discouraging, gay men and lesbian women are shouldered completely out of their social spheres, as their lifestyles are in conflict with the expectations of their genders.

Transgender citizens are still largely invisible in the discussion of gender roles in America. If they are treated at all in the debate, they are treated as an isolated group that must be excluded, lest their very existence threaten the foundation of these roles. The consequence of this is that there is no way of determining the roles fulfilled by transgender citizens. They are deliberately hidden. The mentality behind this is that if transgender citizens are legitimized as playing valid roles in society, then the traditional notion of the gender binary and the roles founded upon must crumble.

As has been shown, the gender roles in America tend towards conservative and traditional notions of what is necessary for social acceptability. As a result, both women and men are stereotyped and restricted, while transgender citizens are removed from the social sphere altogether. The grim consequences of gender roles in the United States should cause people not only to give pause, but to re-define them entirely. Until that occurs, the role played by gender roles in America is one of repression.

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Over the course of the Chosun Dynasty, especially as Confucianism gained strength women were not allowed to be seen by anyone other than their family members. The only time they were allowed to go out was in the evening,briefly, so they could run their errands. This would be done in away where a bell would ring warning men off the streets and allow women on to the streets, cloaked from head to toe.

The traditional role of a Korean woman was one of submissiveness. The Korean culture was (and to a large extent still is) hierarchical and the woman’s role is one of maintaining harmony in the household and avoiding conflict. Her primary goal was to be a good daughter, a good wife and a good mother. She was expected to sacrifice herself for her family, similarly to almost all cultures around the world in the not so distant past.

A woman was expected to produce sons and even today may be held responsible if the children are all girls.  To have many sons was highly regarded because they brought wives (workers and breeders) into the family. Since parents lived with their sons’ until their death; power was equated with the number of sons in a family and it was considered "shameful" to depend on daughters.

"Blessed with boys" was a familiar refrain to those that had only daughters. It was common practice for a man who had no sons to take a concubine, whose children would become assets to the 'first wife'. The concubines name would not be listed in the family register, only that of her children should their father decided to register them.

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1 How did the use of emoji start in Korea? - Agnes

2 How does social media affect the economy in the USA? How does it work? - Nas

3. Do you think gender roles will be more equalized in Korea? - Allysa

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(Republic of Korea)
-Sovereign State in East Asia(represented by one
centralized government)

-16th Largest City in the WORLD

HISTORY[South&North]
After the World War II, it got divided into two - the North under the Soviet, and South under USA.
Because of this reason, South Korea got influenced by USA.

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Youtube, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Tumblr, Pinterest, Viber, Snapchat.

Social Media has now become a part of our lives and connecting countries together despite the distance, so it's easy to say each country has their way of socializing on Media

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Women gender roles started to really change during the late 1980s in Korea. Some women started to work and provide an income for their families: sometimes even being the “main economic support for the family while the husband….took care of the children and did household chores”(Savada and Shaw 106). [From this quote, you can also see that Korean men’s roles were also changing, which I will explain in the next paragraph.] Women started to take on jobs as divers, factory workers, and some even got a college education. Around this time, “Christian missionaries began establishing schools for girls”(107). One of them being Ehwa Women’s University, which is the first all female school located in Seoul, South Korea. Personally, I have visited there once, and I can say that this university gives a lot of educational choices for women and helps them to achieve success in their future careers.

The changing role of women has also affected the role of men in the Korean society. As women are finding jobs and making a career for themselves, men are now expected to help in household duties and childcare. I am a big fan of a reality show in South Korea called “The Return of the Superman,” which is broadcasted by a station called KBS. It shows the lives of celebrity husbands and fathers taking care of their children. Seeing the men doing household chores and being in the kitchen is a common sight on this show. Once in a while, the celebrity dads hang out with other normal dads and talk about childcare. I was surprised as to how much dads there are who help out, in what was supposed to be something that only a women should do and be responsible for. https://youtu.be/cY88RiLbmVc

As women are making a career for themselves, they are also rising in the positions of their occupation and taking on a leadership role in which, in the past, would be only considered as only a male role. According to an interview with the National Assembly of Korea, several of the women have “had held positions of major administrative responsibility”(Darcy and Song 678). The major turning point of women’s gender roles in South Korea was when it elected its first female president, Park Geun-hye, in 2013. This event showed how women could take on important leadership roles, not just men.
However, there are some negative approaches to this change. Career-wise, women are still segregated in their work environments. The most common is that women are paid lower wages than that of men. Also, not all husbands help out their working wives with household duties like in the Korean reality show I explained earlier. Again, going back to the interview with the National Assembly of Korea, “none of the men interviewed gave home life a priority over public life” (Darcy and Song 677). Therefore, some working women not only have to do their best in their jobs, but also “do their best in their home life”(677). This is a “great stress” for some of the women. They will have double the responsibilities from work and from their families.

Not all women are able to make a career for themselves. Some of the women are turning to prostitution for their sexual desires and of course, for the money. In the past, there were women similar to them called, kisaengs, who “served as sexually promiscuous artists who offered intelligent and charming company to wealthy and influential men” (Maynes 1). They were intelligent, wise and highly educated, unlike the women doing prostitution today, who aren’t able to get an educated and are just doing prostitution as a means of getting “easy money.” Unlike the prostitution now, kisaengs “underwent extensive training in etiquette, conversation, prostitution, poetry, music, and dance” (6). They were expected to know what the high standing men knew so that they could communicate better with them and be a more appropriate companion for them. However, when Japan took over Korea, the “status of kisaengs descended to that of a common prostitute”(9). Prostitution is still widespread in South Korea even today even though it is illegal and looked down upon.

Kiasengs were trained at a young age to be proper companions to the higher ups.

Korean women have changed drastically over the decades and will probably continue to do so in the future. Women in Korea are getting more rights and freedom to do what they want and this is effecting a lot of people in a good way. However, sadly, there are some cases where this change might seem to be a big stress to the women and might change their lives for the worst. But, it is an improvement that women’s affairs are getting attention and people are doing something about it

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The Female Lead

Spirited, fierce and full of character, female leads in Korean dramas usually tend to leave a strong impression at first glance.

In Secret Garden episode 1, female lead Gil Ra-im makes a heroic appearance as she seeks justice for her friend and later on as a stunt woman.

In Boys Over Flowers, female lead Geum Jan-di also makes a feisty appearance by being the only person in the school who dares to stand up for herself and go against Jun Pyo, the rich and influential leader of F4

Their feisty personality forms an attractive quality that male leads, and also the viewers, find refreshing and compelled to know more. it helps build an interesting dynamics in the story development as we watch sparks fly between two contrasting personalities (e.g. a hot-headed male protagonist and a strong-willed female lead). Such confidence and spunk are also traits that normally set them apart from other female personalities in the show, who appear mild or scheming in comparison.

However, it seems that as the storyline progresses, the seemingly vivacious and independent female lead soon turns into an unassertive, docile and yielding lady after falling for the charming male protagonist. While this may not be the case for all Korean dramas, but as viewers, we have noticed a similar outcome played out numerous times as part of the whole “romantic” package and “emotional” storyline. While the female lead tries to maintain an assertive and cold outward appearance, the fascinated male lead initiates and persistently pursuits her. He reveals his feelings through sudden words of confession, back hugs and even forced kisses.  While such scenes usually serve as the highlight of the episode, the way it is portrayed tend to neglect the female lead’s feelings as she is eventually subjected to the male’s control. In the case of forced kisses, the female leads are usually perceived as appalled or even distressed. Yet she is shown to be acceding and even enjoying it in the end.

The men are seen forcibly kissing the female lead despite her protests and obvious state of shock. She tries struggling to push herself away but soon realises her attempts are futile as the male protagonist persists and firmly holds onto her. Soon, she relents and lets herself be eased into the forced kiss, usually standing still rigidly with startled or closed eyes.

It has almost become a normal practice and a standard success formula in Korean dramas, where the tough female lead soon “succumbs” to the “manly” commanding gestures of the male protagonist

Therefore in many Korean dramas, there have been a constant representation of the strong and assertive female lead who evolves into a milder, submissive and docile character after being involved in a complicated love relationship. Women turns out to be weak and dependent onto the male lead, soon losing a distinctive part of their personalities. Their entire life begins to revolve around the whole relationship drama.

The Male Lead

Similarly, with the above scenarios becoming a norm in Korean dramas, the specific characterisation of both genders sometimes lead to a domineering, authoritative and overbearing portrayal of male protagonists. At the start, the male lead tend to be intrigued and eventually attracted by the confident and often wilful nature of the female lead.

However, these qualities soon becomes “challenges" that the male lead strives to overcome and subdue in order to win the lady’s heart. It is as though the male lead has embarked on a quest to “conquer” the female protagonists’ defiance and transform her into a compliant weak character overwhelmed by his stubborn (portrayed as loving) pursuit. The initial charms that the female lead possesses are soon rendered fragile and vulnerable under the male protagonist’s commanding presence. Gestures such as forced kisses and wrists grabs further reinforces the delicate and frail nature of the female protagonist, and also the dominating and controlling male character who would do anything to get the woman, even if it goes against her will.

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Helping to lead the charge in changing gender roles are f(x)'s Amber and NCT's Johnny on Bill Nye Saves the World.

According to Amber, she was the only androgynous girl within K-pop Industry back when she started off and this caught many people off-guard. How ever in the past seven years since  her debut, Amber notes that there is a notable growth in Girls who are embracing shorter hair and more alternative fashion styles.

NCT's Johnny is also helping people inspire the mantra of "be yourself" rather than conform to expectations.

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- South Korea seems to politically avoid addressing such  topics, despite having the law and legally approved.

- Ages 50 and above are very sensitive and negative due to their traditional opinions

-Recent problems may include President Moon Jae-in implying that having homosexual soldiers weaken their military power, which gave arise to people coming forward to support LGBTQ+

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As South Korea's population becomes more multicultural with a steady influx of foreigners seeking jobs, South Korean Society is facing the prospects of becoming ethically diverse.

Migration to South Korea is relatively a recent phenomenon, but it's now a regular occurrence thanks to the rise of S. Korea's industry.

Workers were initially brought in from China and South East Asia to perform labor shunned by more educated S.Koreans. Under various visa schemes 491,000 workers from Philippines, Vietnam, China and South Asia were employed under contracts in 2013  - according to S. Korean immigration statistics.

Migration by Marriage has also increased exponentially, from 125,087 (2009) to 150,865 (2013) just by issuing Marriage Visas.

In six years (2006 - 2012) roughly 238,000 international marriages were registered and a total of 1.6 million foreigners now reside in S. Korea.

That's a small percentage out of the 50 million people, yet big enough for most S. Koreans to take a stand and notice.

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I had a few friends who went to South Korea and they all said one thing caught their attention the most - and its the high almost unreal beauty standard they have, with cosmetic and plastic surgery clinics aligning the pavement like Starbucks do in America.

With the Hallyu wave striking the world it's understandable that there has been much interest in Korean culture- and one of the main being the Korean beauty industry.

The most common beauty standard that you  must've heard is having fair skin, V shape jaw line, and big eyes. But that's not all. There's a lot of specific beauty standards for both genders

FEMALE

Examples: to be attractive you need to...

1. Have a round forehead instead of a flat one.

Eyebrows
High eyebrows has a noticeable distance to the eyes making it prettier than the one that's to close to them
Eyelid
There are two things that we need to cover. One is the area itself. A pretty one is a flat area and having sunken eyes makes you look older. The second one is the lid. Of course a double eyelid is a necessary to be considered beautiful in Korea. But the halfway double eyelid is more popular. It's like a double eyelid that starts from the middle of the eyes

And of course the eyes have to be big.

Nose

The ideal shape of a nose is one that is medium high with a round tip. A high nose for a girl is considered unnatural and very unattractive.
A modest to medium nose bridge is the optimal balance for a Korean face. Those with a really high nose bridge is considered unattractive because of its unnatural appearanceJaw

A V shape is still preferable. Even though it's not as important any more. Someone with a square or a round face can still be considered beautiful if she meets other criteria.
Aegyo-ssal! Essentially, a protruding eyebag.
Cheek
A thin body and a pointy face can still be beautiful but thin cheeks are definitely a no no. A full round cheek is more a preferred choice nowadays. A lot of girls inject fat into their cheeks to make them look rounder.

Height

5'3" (160cm) ranks on the low end and is considered short. Many girls are around 5'4" - 5'5" range (163-165cm) Although it's not bad for a girl to be short being tall is always good as it resembles a sexy, modelesque physique.

Fair Skin

A beautiful girl is preferably to have fair skin. A pretty girl with a tan skin is okay but it will be better to have fair skin. And in addition to cuteness.

In America, they have a general more diverse sense of beauty. Celebrities and "beautiful" women are all beautiful in - as cliché as it sounds - different ways.

It is not to say that this is the mentality of all Koreans, nor do these standards represent the entirety of Koreans - but these are the mainstream beauty standards of South Korea.

MALE

According to a July 2015 report, men in South Korea buy more cosmetics and skincare products that men in any other country around the world, and four times more than the next country on the list, Denmark, contributing to a grooming market worth $1 billion. The market is also expected to quadruple in size over the next five years.

This isn't to say it's bad ! We ourselves agree that South Korean men have a "fresh" sense of style and be a bit different from other countries we can see that they really know what they are doing!

"There's a tendency to sensationalize, though," says Charlotte Cho, the co-founder of the New York-based K-beauty site SokoGlam.com. "A lot of men do wear makeup in South Korea," she tells me over the phone, "and a lot of K-pop stars wear a lot of makeup, but not every guy on the street in Seoul is wearing eyeliner." She explains the boom in the sale of "cushion compacts" for men as being "part of a general culture in South Korea of people caring about their skin."

It's compulsory for men in south Korea to enlist in the military, this means they're graduating from college two years after their female class mates entering the job market later, in addition to that men who have served in the military have shorter professional resumes.

Therefore a youthful appearance is paramount. Korean culture is said to be driven by how you look.

The "Hallyu Wave" brought the radically changing conceptions of male beauty.

Park Tae Yun is a South Korean makeup artist who works with the K-pop idol Rain, actors Chang wook Ji and Byung hun Lee, and the members of the pop group EXO — none of whom, he says, attend events without makeup. And most of whom are not afraid of eyeliner. Among the population at large though, he says, guys are mainly "seeking out natural looking coverage to even out their skin tone through products such as tinted moisturizers." They're not getting kohled-up.
With how things are going it won't be surprising if US follow this trend despite being so contrasting to their beauty standards for men.

In countries like USA and others there is obviously a stereo typical view on Men who wear make up - and it isn;t very positive.

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K-POP has a huge impact in South Korea and due to it's growing popularity around the world.

The late Kpop Star Kim Jong Hyun was well known to be supportive of the LGBTQ+ community in Korea.

When he posted a picture towards the support for the LGBTQ+ community he became a target for internet trollers to attack.

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LGBTQ

Despite the recent controversy with Kevin Spacey, Pro Hollywood actors and actresses have openly show their support towards the LGBTQ+ community even as far as coming out in public. To see them still going strong about their career shows a lot about the public's support despite  the few haters  encountered.

Great examples for people :
Ellen DeGeneres
Miley Cyrus
Ellen Page
Daniel Radcliffe
Lady Gaga

However nice it is that Hollywood loves taking big, swinging steps towards progress in this case casting LGBT character, they never fail to take a thousand steps back.

A good example could be taken from the movie Zoolander 2 released in 2006 starred a transgender character -  a non-binary fashion model names All who was used as a punchline when a character asks if all has a "hot dog or a bun".

“We still struggle to see meaningful improvement in Hollywood’s depiction of LGBTQ characters and stories,” wrote GLAAD CEO Sarah Kate Ellis in a letter introducing the report. “Major releases continue to lag behind the groundbreaking stories we see in independent films (like Moonlight) and even further behind the LGBTQ stories on TV and streaming series like Sense8 and Steven Universe.”

On the other hand cartoons have come along way - with programs like Adventure time introducing quirky characters whose development included self - love and the importance of friendship in addition to that it has bravely opened a gateway to LGBTQ characters without them being the punchline and women empowerment with cartoon like Adventure time and Steven Universe.

A few months ago I started watching Steven Universe, simply because I couldn’t find the remote. Eventually I even recorded several episodes to watch on my days off, ultimately loving its characters and how the Crystal Gems used female pronouns. In “The Return,” Estelle‘s gem character, Garnet, was presumed to have been destroyed. The following episode, “Jail Break,” revealed that Garnet was a fusion of two gems: Ruby and Sapphire. The pair’s fusion is a display of their love for one another, with Garnet being the physical embodiment of their love.

After rejoining, Garnet is ecstatic about Ruby and Sapphire being together and sort of comes out to Steven, apologizing for never telling him she was a fusion. Steven reacts in the cutest manner, asking if he made an impression on the two, to which Garnet happily reply the fused lovers loved him. As the episode continued on, Garnet fought Jasper — who ultimately believes fusions are weak, alluding to those who disregard homosexuality and refuse to accept it — all while singing about how her fusion makes her a stronger person. I learned a very important lesson from watching that episode and true to Estelle’s lines, “I am made of love.” The only thing that matters is that I accept myself and fight for myself.

I’ve loved Cartoon Network since I was a young boy. I’ve seen cartoons come and go, with LGBT individuals and story lines being introduced as I grew up. I’m twenty something years old and I am still in awe of how networks are encouraging love for one another, specifically showing kids to accept others. Two decades ago you wouldn’t have seen this kind of acceptance and diversity on television in the middle of the day. Now I can come home, turn the TV on and see a physical embodiment of two lesbians in love or a kid with two moms. And I think that’s great.

Andie Castillo

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- The Orgin of the LGBT flag that has impacted millions of people around the word bringing them together for a cause was originally from San Francisco, America. Requested by Harvey Milk to be made by Gilbert Baker.Original 8 stripe Version by Gilbert Baker , 1978.
COlours and Representation

Hot Pink -  Sex
Red - Life
Orange - Healing
Yellow- Sunlight
Green- Nature
Turquoise- Magic/Art
Indigo- Serenity
Violet- SpiritVersion without Hot Pink (due to fabric unavailability)

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The USA has a reputation has a reputation  as the beacon of freedom and diversity from the colonial period of it's history.

From the beginning , however Americans freedoms were tied to a mixture of religious and ethnic affiliations.

American's indigenous traditions of immigration and freedom created the context that made Europe colonization possible. Since the time immemorial, the original inhabitants of the Americans were accustomed to dealing with  strangers.

They forged alliances and exchange networks, accepted political refugees, and permitted people in need of land and protection to settle in territories that they controlled but could share.

Initially arriving in small numbers, bearing valuable items to trade, and offering added protection from enemies, these Europeans could, it seemed, strengthen indigenous communities. They were granted rights to use certain stretches of land, much in the way that other Native American peoples in need would have been, especially in eighteenth-century Pennsylvania. However, Europeans, and all they brought with them—disease, beliefs regarding private property, ever more immigrants, and, occasionally, ruthless violence—undermined indigenous liberty. When Native Americans contested this, wars erupted—wars they could not win. Those who were able to avoid living as slaves or virtual servants of the Europeans (as some did) were driven from their homes.

Given that both indigenous and European ideas of liberty rested on access to land and its resources, it was difficult for both Europeans and Native Americans to be free in the same territory at the same time without some sort of neutral arbiter.

On the eve of the American Revolution, it seemed as if the British government might be able to play that role. After all, British Americans also looked to the monarchy to guarantee their liberties. American independence ended that option. Thereafter, America's original inhabitants had no one to mediate between them and the people who gained so much from exploiting them. Nor did the Africans brought as slaves to work what had once been their land.

For Africans, as with Native Americans, liberty was inseparable from one's family ties. Kinship (whether actual or fictive) gave an individual the rights and protection necessary to be able to live in freedom.

To be captured by enemies and separated from one's kin put a person in tremendous danger. Although some captives could be adopted into other societies and treated more or less as equals, most were reduced to a condition of slavery and had little influence over their destiny. Even before they arrived in North America, Africans brought to the New World as slaves had already been separated from their home communities within Africa. Without kin, they had to forge new relationships with complete strangers—and everyone, including most fellow Africans they encountered, was a stranger—if they were to improve their lot at all.

Unlike Native Americans, who could find a degree of freedom by moving away from the frontier, Africans had to struggle for what liberty they could from within the British society whose prosperity often depended on their forced labor - you can still see the underlying violence that continues even today.

Europeans, particularly those with wealth enough to own land or slaves, possessed the greatest freedoms in early America. The French, Spanish, and Dutch established colonies on land that would eventually become part of the United States.

Religion was inseparable from the experience of liberty in the European empires. The French and Spanish empires were officially Roman Catholic and did all within their power to convert or expel those who would not conform. The Dutch, on the other hand, had a different approach, befitting their condition as a small, newly independent, but economically dynamic nation.

The English colonies played the definitive role in early America's experience of liberty. As immigrants from Scotland, Germany, France, Scandinavia, and elsewhere became incorporated into the Anglo-American world, they staked a claim to liberty through British culture and institutions. The heritage on which the British Empire rested was complicated, however, encompassing a great deal of political conflict (two revolutions in the seventeenth century alone) and religious diversity. The British colonies in North America were home to the Puritans of New England, the Quakers of Pennsylvania, and the Roman Catholics of Maryland, as well as to Anglicans, members of the Church of England. Living in America offered an excellent chance to claim the rights and liberties of Englishmen, even when it seemed like those liberties were imperiled back in Europe. Indeed, the desire to preserve those liberties from the threat of a new British government prompted colonists to fight for independence in 1776.

In many ways, the story of American liberty is about how people of different religious and ethnic origins gradually acquired rights that had been associated only with Protestant English men of property. Despite their original association with a particular national, ethnic, and religious group, English liberties proved fairly flexible in America. Americans lived in a society with more chances to attain the ideal of liberty.

The early American belief in the limited nature of liberty helps us to understand why it was so difficult for those who had it to extend it to others. Americans lived in a world full of slavery—the ultimate opposite of freedom—an institution that had not been present in England for hundreds of years. And yet, the colonial history of America, tied very early to the promotion of slavery, convinced many colonists that the ability to hold non-European people (mostly African, but also Native American) as slaves was a fundamental English liberty. Some even returned to England with their slaves, and expected English laws to protect their property in people as they did in the colonies. Free colonists were surrounded by people—servants and slaves—who either lacked liberty or, as in the case of Native Americans, were rapidly losing it. This paradox helps explain the reluctance of colonial Americans to allow others, like more recent German immigrants, to share the same liberties they enjoyed. In many ways, their prosperity depended on those peoples' lack of liberty and property. All could try for freedom in colonial America, but not all had equal access to it.

America's history of liberty is inseparable from its history of immigration and colonization dating back to the first Native American treaties. Unfortunately, the liberty Europeans claimed in America was accompanied by slavery and reduced liberties for many others. The possibility of liberty for some was always accompanied by a struggle for freedom for many others.

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Lesbian
Gay
Bisexual
Transgender
Transexual
Two-spirited
Queer
Questioning
Intersex
Asexual
Ally

Gender Roles
-Female and Male

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In a country as large and influential as America where many people from different races and ethnic groups gather to have live their American dream it goes without saying that color regarding to people becomes an issue.

The 11 Nation State

African American South

Home to 16.7 million people. 371 counties running from Virginia to Texas make up for more than 40% of the African Americans.

Aging Farmlands

More than quarter of the 576,000 people in 161 counties clustered in Dakota south are over 62 years old. They are extremely white ad overwhelmingly Republican.

Big Cities
73.6 million people in the 46 largest  counties in the country are some of the most diverse pockets of population .
More than a quarter are Hispanic, and nearly a fifth are African American. (President Obama won 65% of his votes here.)

Hispanic Centers
Mostly in the South West, where 11.5 million people call home and still the numbers continue to rise.

LDS Enclaves
The cast majority of the 3 million people living in 41 counties in and around Utah are white and young.
Nine in Ten are white.

Native American Lands

More than half the 695,000 people who live in 42 counties (mostly in the West) are Native Americans.
They have the lowest percentage of Whites according to the Census Bureau.

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In South korea, we have the most variety of teen language. Mostly used and the most well-known are short abbrevations of a word or expressions.
Ex. "ㄱㄷ" instead of "기다려주세요",
"ㄷㄷ" which means shivering action to express amazement.

However, these are just the most common language which even adults understand. The real teen language in South Korea is called "geupsikchae".
Geupsikchae means words used by teens(literally those who eat school food).

Most words used in this language are newly created words by teens. In the language, the words does not follow the pattern of proper Korean language at all, but still makes sense.
They usually use repetitive sounding words (rhyme) continuously, like 오지고 지리고(ojigo,jirigo) or 에바쎄바 (eba,Seba). The rhyme doesn't have to mean something or it may even be a non-existing word.

They have their own nouns,conjunctions,connecting
words devrived from korean,hanja (korean chinese letters),english and japanese to finally form a language that adults can't even understand. And when these are wrote in abbrevated forms, no one but the teens themselves can understand.

These language created a big wall between children and adults and teens using this language were mostly rude and negative to the world and adults.
Nowadays these languages became famous and even tutorials on how to understand it were created!

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South Korea creates the most variety of apps according to their culture, mostly used within Korea.
The most unique apps can be "Celeb's pick", a K-fashion app, which tells what brand's which item the actress or k-pop singers wore and a whole lot of diet apps, which does not only help you record your meals and write what exercises you did, but to communicate between other dieters or be like a game, doing quests to help you lose weight.

Due to the k-pop boom, there are apps like V-live, SNOW which help the fans in and out of korea can communicate with their favorite stars. Even tv broadcasts created their apps for purpose of voting for their k-pop singers or watching them live.

Filter Camera first came out in South Korea, through SNOW and many more famous cameras like KakaoCheez, Foodie, B612, etc. The bomb started by Snow, became worldwide famous through Kpop stars.

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SNS of South Korea such as Kakaotalk and Line, is famous for having the most cutest and most variety of emojis that you can find in the internet.
South Korea express emotions with Emojis more than words. A big variety of emojis are a MUST in communicating and they even pay money to buy more variety of emojis. Alot of the emojis used currently are gifs and contain sounds as well.

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'Even in Europe, Multiculturalism has failed, so why would a small country like S. Korea succeed?'

says S. Koreans

'There's negative perception regarding multiculturalism'

says Jasmine Lee,37, a Filipino who became the first foreign-born member of S.Korea's National assembly in 2012.

'Even now three years later it's still tough. The biggest challenge I face is letting people see that I belong where I am right now.'

says Lee Jasmine
Lee tries to represent foreigners i S. Korean parliament, undertaking the task in a country unfamiliar with multi-cultural pluralism.

But it's not always an easy task, when racial minorities in S. Korea are rarely made visible in mainstream society.

"The only time you see foreigners on television is during Lunar New Year, or the holidays. They're wearing Hanbok. And most of the time it's for fun - this  can mask the real problem migrants face such as discrimination.

Migrating to S. Korea has become more permanent for another growing population, marriage migrants o Spouses of South Koreans and their children - who are often of mixed heritage.

Cindy Lou Howe as American filmmaker of African - American and Korean Heritage produced a film addressing issues that affect the growing population of multicultural children.
Her documentary Even the Rivers  looks at how S. Korea is education children of different backgrounds.

"Unlike a pure blooded Korean child, the opportunity to go to a public school and not to be teased,bullied and being basically forced into a position where they would want you to drop out, are few."

"Korea has always been resilient, and very open to changes considering what they have gone through since the Korean War, then building themselves back up and multiculturalism is going to be one of those things. Whether or not Koreans are ready, it's going to happen."

Says Howe

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K pop is a very highly regarded culture in South Korea with massive influence around the world, but does it mean they are open for some sort of diversity in their glorious cultural Boom.

FOREIGNERS IN K POP GROUPS

Hangeng  from Super Junior (Debut 2005 to 2009)

"I was not able to stand on stage even after debuting. I was the first foreign celebrity to debut in Korea so the law wasn't perfect. I couldn't film commercials and could not participate in certain portions of the schedule. It felt like I lost all hope. I received a payment of 4000 yaun ($650 USD) my first year."

"I wanted to be an actor, but they did not even give me any gigs while they gave them to other members, I didn't even get commercials"

says Hangeng (2013)

Familiar cases like this have been going on under company labels :
F(x)'x AMBER  LIU (Taiwanese American)

Henry LAU  (Taiwanese Canadian)

EXO's Kris, Luhan and Tao - primarily due to trying to work in away more suited to the Chinese Market (which is outside the confines of the contract)

The above artist are under the same label company (SM Entertainment) thus painting an unflattering light in terms of both business and artist relations.

POPULAR GROUPS ACTIVE NOW WITH FOREIGN MEMBERS

GOT7
Jackson and Mark (China)
BamBam (Thailand)

SEVENTEEN
Jun and The8 (China)
Vernon (Korean American)
Joshua (L.A. , California)

2PM
Nickkhun (Thai - American)

SKARF
Tasha and Feryln (Singapore)
Hana (Japan)

BLACK PINK
Lisa (Thailand)

MY OPINION AS A NON KOREAN INTERNATIONAL FAN

I personally have been a fan of Kpop for 7 years now and I can honestly say I have been through with all the mentioned groups above as a fan throughout the years they've been members.

Even from an outsiders point of view I can see some unfairness going on (lack of screen time / activities/ vocal lines) in certain certain groups - as a fan I was disappointed because some of the foreign members end up being our biases too.

May be South Korea isn't really ready embrace diversity because of it's strong cultural hold - and K pop being a big part of their culture that has made an impact worldwide I would imagine they want to keep it closer to themselves because of the obvious characteristics that come with only Korean Pop.

Below is a K pop group with NO Korean Members and this is the reasoning on why people don't want to support them.

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-Primarily Western, but has influences from Africa, Native America, Asia, Polynasian and Latin.

-Ethnically and racially diverse
-Many American culture elements spread across the globe through modern mass media.

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Unlike South Korea, social media in USA have more influence in the economy.
Unlike the old days, sharing information about your business became so easy and accessible. Social media became a platform who control information(Facebook, Youtube, etc).As an example, Google and Facebook controls 60% of all the online media spending.

However, social media also gave a new ecosystem where small entrepreneurs can come in.

A chart of Social media ecosystem

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Through social media, new words have been created or words that have existed got new meanings, like unfriend, like, profile, etc.
Old words like troll, google and mention got a whole new meaning through sns.
Proper slang, however, are words or short forms which didn't exist at all without social media, and words add on from the fast social media change. Examples of old slangs that became 'common' are FYI, DAP, SWAG or YOLO.
New slangs can be FOMO, ICYMI, on fleek, YAAAAAAAAAS.

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Emojis in USA can be said rather simple compared to Korea and other asian countries' emojis.

The most common emoji used in phones or on facebook are what we portray as USA emojis. However, emojis of USA gets easily affected by the community and makes fun emojis according to the culture like the dap or the brainwashed emoji

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AUDY , JEFFF, ALYSSA [SAVING PRIVATE RYAN] 

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AUDY , JEFFF, ALYSSA [SAVING PRIVATE RYAN] 

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USA is where most 'mainstream' social media were created. Hence, it tells how huge the platform is.
Teens of USA are quite sensitive to the change in media through social media(Facebook, Instagram, etc.) and hence activists are quite a number of them.
This graph shows the usage of social media in USA as of 2016.