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When the leaders of European countries came together in Berlin, Germany to divide up Africa among their countries. (Ex. Belgium claimed a large area in central Africa which is today the Republic of Congo and put all the inhabitants of the area into collecting latex and rubber.)

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Action of mistreating someone in order to benefit from their work. (Ex. Once African slaves were brought to america, they were forced to do anything their master told them to do, including working almost 24 hours a day.)

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The system of principles where property laws are applied to human beings. (Ex. Some Americans used African slaves to help work in their fields.)

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Attempting to merge a minority culture group into the majority culture. (Ex. the attempted integration of first nations peoples into Canadian society through racism, residential schools.)

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When African slaves were taken forcefully from their villages and sent across the Atlantic to be sold as slaves in an auction. (Ex. Aminata was taken from her village in Africa to be auctioned as a slave in south Carolina in the 1900's.)

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The transition to advanced technology throughout the world.

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A school that first nation children were sent to be assimilated into Canadian culture and taught to act how Canadians acted. (Ex. There were over 50,000 residential schools in Canada in the 1850's-1990's and they told the first nation children that they were going to go to hell if they didn't act like white people.)

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A written agreement between the government and the first nations peoples. (Ex. the numbered treaties secured the natives land in exchange for assurances from the government.)

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The removal of the first nations people from their land, identity, rights, culture, and religion for the benefit of European.

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Development of industries in a region or country on a large scale. (Ex. Clearing a forest to build a mall.)

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Basic materials that help make other materials. (Ex. Wood used to make furniture.)

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Adam Smith was a Scottish philosopher an economist. He studied social philosophy at the University of Glasgow, Oxford university, and Balliol College. Smith wrote two best-selling books called The Wealth of Nations and The Theory of Mortal Settlements.

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The non-observable market is the force that helps the supply and demand of goods in a free market to reach a balanced state automatically.

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The Europeans now had access to plentiful resources in the Americas because of their colonies and could sell the raw materials to whoever would pay the highest. The trade or selling of goods across international borders and among different nations of the world. (Ex. China sells textiles to Canada and The United States)

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A system where profits from trade and industry are controlled by private organizations rather than the government. (EX. The United States medical system is owned by private companies instead of govern-mentally funded.)

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A settlement in a foreign country under the control of a mother country. (EX. The 13 colonies established by settlers on the east coast of the United States.)

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The silk road was a major trade route that was used for the trading of countless materials and goods, as well as the spread of ideas, technology, and culture. (Ex. Traders from Great Britain would trade with India for spices and gems.)

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(Colombian Exchange)
The Columbian exchange
The transfer of technology, plants, animals, population, and ideas between nations between the new world (Americas) and old world (Europe). (Ex. The exchange of cattle and tomatoes between the colonists and the Europeans.)

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He journeyed across the Atlantic when he stumbled across the Bahamas. He found plentiful islands, and people he had never heard of before. He returned to Spain with multiple new foods, animals, medicines, and native Taino people.

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Columbus read about a theory that the world wasn't round in a newly invented book. Without the industrial revolution, there would have been no books or printing press for him to read in, and soon wanted to find a new trade route to Asia replace the dangerous "silk road." After being denied funding by Portugal, France, and Britain, he journeyed to Spain where he was granted funding for three ships; the Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria.

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Historical Globalization                                        

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Historical Globalization                                        

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Christopher Columbus was born on October 31, 1451 in the republic of Genoa, Italy. Raised under the patronage of Spain's catholic monarchs. He was an explorer and expert navigator, and a desire for sailing and discovering new land.
Died May 20, 1506

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The contact between two different countries, usually causing the change in both societal systems. (Ex. The contact of the Europeans and the Taino Indians.)