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Subduction: Definition & Process. Subduction is a geological term for one of Earth's tectonic plates sinking under another. When this happens, we can get earthquakes, volcanoes, and a recycling of Earth's rocks.

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Rock that has formed through the deposition and solidification of sediment, especially sediment transported by water (rivers, lakes, and oceans), ice ( glaciers ), and wind. Sedimentary rocks are often deposited in layers, and frequently contain fossils. Note : Limestone and shale are common sedimentary rocks.

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Deposition is a geological time scale in which sediments and rock are added to a landmass

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In earth science, erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust, and then transport it away to another location (not to be confused with weathering which involves no movement).

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Weathering is the breaking down of rocks, soil, and minerals as well as wood and artificial materials through contact with the Earth's atmosphere, water, and biological organisms.

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Synonyms: crystal, crystallisation Types: crystallite. any of numerous minute rudimentary crystalline bodies of unknown composition found in glassy igneous rock. Type of: rock, stone. a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter.

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Volcanic rock (often shortened to volcanics in scientific contexts) is a rock formed from magma erupted from a volcano. In other words, it differs from other igneous rock by being of volcanic origin. ... It has been estimated that volcanic rocks cover about 8% of the Earth's current land surface.

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magma definition. Molten rock usually located deep within the mantle of the Earth that occasionally comes to the surface through cracks in the mantle or through the eruption of volcanoes. Note: When magma cools and solidifies, it forms igneous rock, of which lava is one type.

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A metamorphic rock is a type of rock which has been changed by extreme heat and pressure. Its name is from 'morph' (meaning form), and 'meta' (meaning change). The original rock gets heated (temperatures greater than 150 to 200 °C) and pressured (1500 bars). This causes profound physical and/or chemical change.

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compaction. (kəm-pāk'shən) The process by which the porosity of a given form of sediment is decreased as a result of its mineral grains being squeezed together by the weight of overlying sediment or by mechanical means.

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Lithification is the process that turns loose, unconsolidated sediment into solid sedimentary rock. Learn about the three ways lithification is accomplished, including compaction, cementation and recrystallization, in this lesson

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Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the deposition and subsequent cementation of that material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water.