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describe how communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife in india 

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describe how communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife in india 

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(i) Conservation is not a new phenomenon but has been prevalent among the village communities since ancient times.
(ii) Many tribal communities and other government officials have raised their voice towards protection of forests and wildlife in the name of certain beliefs.
(iii) For example, the inhabitants of five villages in Alwar district in Rajasthan have announced 1200 hectares of land as the Bhairodev Dakav ‘Sonchuri’ as protection of wildlife from hunting by anyone and outside encroachments.
(iv) Some trees and animals were considered sacred by certain communities which helped in the species preservation of forests and wildlife.
(v) For example, The Mundas and Santhals of Chhota Nagpur worship mahua and kadamba trees. The tribals of Orissa and Bihar worship tamarind, mango trees during weddings.
(vi) Other trees like tulsi, neem and peepal are also considered sacred. Certain animals like macaques and langurs are found in some temples.
(vii) The Bishnoitribesof Rajasthan significantly played an important role towards preservation of black buck, nilgai and peacocks. Thus, conservation was considered as an essential part of the community and any damage caused to the trees and animals had serious repercussions.

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How human activities have affected the depletion of flora and fauna ? Explain

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How human activities have affected the depletion of flora and fauna ? Explain

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(i) Human activities like shifting agriculture, mining, grazing, fuelwood collection and construction of river valley projects like Narmada Sagar Project have led to large scale deforestation and loss of habitat of animals.
(ii) For example, the Buxa Tiger reserve in West Bengal is damaged by dolomite mining. It has disturbed the natural habitat of many species and blocked the migration of several others, including the great Indian elephant.
(iii) Clearing of forests with projects like Narmada Sagar would inundate 40,000 hectares of forest.

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how have communities conserved and protected forests and wildlife in india explain

(i) Conservation is not a new phenomenon but has been prevalent among the village communities since ancient times.
(ii) Many tribal communities and other government officials have raised their voice towards protection of forests and wildlife in the name of certain beliefs.
(iii) For example, the inhabitants of five villages in Alwar district in Rajasthan have announced 1200 hectares of land as the Bhairodev Dakav ‘Sonchuri’ as protection of wildlife from hunting by anyone and outside encroachments.
(iv) Some trees and animals were considered sacred by certain communities which helped in the species preservation of forests and wildlife.

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1)The process of extinction involves many factors, such as weather, habitat loss, environmental toxins, disease, and shrinking population dynamics.
Poaching
Deforestation
Global warming
Human overpopulation
Agriculture

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(i) Human activities like shifting agriculture, mining, grazing, fuelwood collection and construction of river valley projects like Narmada Sagar Project have led to large scale deforestation and loss of habitat of animals.
(ii) For example, the Buxa Tiger reserve in West Bengal is damaged by dolomite mining. It has disturbed the natural habitat of many species and blocked the migration of several others, including the great Indian elephant.
(iii) Clearing of forests with projects like Narmada Sagar would inundate 40,000 hectares of forest.

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Extinction of an entire species can happen very suddenly or gradually over thousands of years.

Causes of extinction are both natural and man-made.

Man-made causes of extinction include:

Overharvesting and overhunting. Overharvesting is when humans make use of a species at a rate greater than the species can reproduce itself.

Pollution in the form of chemicals and energy is another man-made cause of extinction.

Habitat destruction involves demolishing a natural environment, thereby displacing or wiping out the organisms that lived there. Destruction occurs through clearing habitats for agricultural purposes and through activities like mining and logging.

Introducing new predators and food competitors. Humans have the ability, whether intentionally or unintentionally, to introduce exotic species into new environments where they are able to prey on native species or compete with them for food.

The process of natural extinction is slower than man-made extinction. Natural triggers for extinction include climatic heating and cooling, changes in sea levels and currents, acid rain, disease epidemics, and the spread of invasive species.

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Project Tiger
One of the most successful wildlife conservation ventures ‘Project Tiger’ which was initiated way back in 1972, has not only contributed to the conservation of tigers but also of the entire ecosystem. This project is sponsored by Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change. About 47 tiger reserves situated in more than 17 regions including Corbett National Park and Ranthambore National Park are part of this project which conducts assessments of number of tigers, their habitat, hunting habits under the supervision of the Tiger Task Force. Project Tiger has seen significant success in recovery of the habitat and increase in the population of the tigers in the reserve areas, from a scanty 268 in 9 reserves in 1972 to above 1000 in 28 reserves in 2006 to 2000+ tigers in 2016.

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Q1 We are losing many species of animals and plants every year at quite a staggering rate never before seen since records began. Goodeid, Baxter’s Toad, Brome des Ardennes, Borrachero, Pele Clermontia, Bastard Gumwood, Hawaiian Crow, Lago Yojoa Palm, La Palma Pupfish, Fuzzyflower Cyrtandra, Père David’s Deer, Blue Cycad, Oahu Deceptor Bush Cricket, Black Soft-shell Turtle and the Scimitar-horned Oryx are just some of the sixty nine species of plant, aquatic mammal and land mammal that have already gone extinct within the wild. Captive breeding programs have been established for some however its unlikely any release back into the wild while habitat destruction, poaching and human over-population continues to increase a

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Q1 We are losing many species of animals and plants every year at quite a staggering rate never before seen since records began. Goodeid, Baxter’s Toad, Brome des Ardennes, Borrachero, Pele Clermontia, Bastard Gumwood, Hawaiian Crow, Lago Yojoa Palm, La Palma Pupfish, Fuzzyflower Cyrtandra, Père David’s Deer, Blue Cycad, Oahu Deceptor Bush Cricket, Black Soft-shell Turtle and the Scimitar-horned Oryx are just some of the sixty nine species of plant, aquatic mammal and land mammal that have already gone extinct within the wild. Captive breeding programs have been established for some however its unlikely any release back into the wild while habitat destruction, poaching and human over-population continues to increase a

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Q2. How are the endangered animals conserved?

Reducing threats to wildlife that can lead to their endangerment and extinction, such as loss of habitat, contamination of water and spread of invasive species.

Advocating for increased funding for private landowner incentives and other conservation programs that benefit endangered species.

Holding federal agencies and others accountable for complying with laws protecting rare and endangered species using cooperation, persuasion, and—where necessary—litigation.

Protecting and restoring the habitats on which endangered species and other wildlife depend for their survival, and encouraging wildlife-friendly land management practices.

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Q1) process of extinction involves many factors, such as weather, habitat loss, environmental toxins, disease, and shrinking population dynamics.These factors can be analyzed to predict extinction risks and rates for endangered species. But some species may become extinct much faster than predicted because scientists have not updated the standard extinction prediction model.Ecologists Alan Hastings at the University of California, Davis, and Brett Melbourne at the University of Colorado in Boulder have recommended a re-evaluation of the risks to wildlife based upon the proportion of males compared with females in a dwindling population, and the differences in reproductive success between individuals and birth rates in the group.When these additional aspects are factored into risk assessments for particular species, the danger of extinction substantially increases. Missing factors such as the number of males to females and variations in the number of offspring are capable of causing unexpected large  in the size of a population. At times, the swings may cause a population to grow, but they also may cause a population to contract.Hastings and Melbourne contend that older extinction models could be erroneously underestimating the time to extinction. They predict that some species could go extinct 100 times sooner than expected.

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Q1) process of extinction involves many factors, such as weather, habitat loss, environmental toxins, disease, and shrinking population dynamics.These factors can be analyzed to predict extinction risks and rates for endangered species. But some species may become extinct much faster than predicted because scientists have not updated the standard extinction prediction model.Ecologists Alan Hastings at the University of California, Davis, and Brett Melbourne at the University of Colorado in Boulder have recommended a re-evaluation of the risks to wildlife based upon the proportion of males compared with females in a dwindling population, and the differences in reproductive success between individuals and birth rates in the group.When these additional aspects are factored into risk assessments for particular species, the danger of extinction substantially increases. Missing factors such as the number of males to females and variations in the number of offspring are capable of causing unexpected large  in the size of a population. At times, the swings may cause a population to grow, but they also may cause a population to contract.Hastings and Melbourne contend that older extinction models could be erroneously underestimating the time to extinction. They predict that some species could go extinct 100 times sooner than expected.

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Poaching
Deforestation
Global warming
Human overpopulation
Agriculture
Therefore our answer is correct up to all means