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This is a wave vibrating in the direction of propagation.  A wave that oscillates back and forth on an axis that is the same as the axis.

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Refraction of waves involves a change in the direction of waves as they pass from one medium to another. Refraction is the bending of the path of the waves.

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Reflection of a wave is simply a process by which a wave, whether light, sound, infrared, or radio waves, hits an object and bounces off it.

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Diffraction refers to various phenomena that occur when a wave encounters an obstacle or a slit.

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Medium is the matter of sufficient density can be a medium for sound waves, which transfer mechanical energy.

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Transverse waves are waves that oscillates perpendicular to the axis along which the wave travels.

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Mechanical Waves is a wave that is an oscillation of matter, and therefore transfers energy through a medium.

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Vibrations are  the oscillating, reciprocating, or other periodic motion of a rigid or elastic body or medium forced from a position or state of equilibrium.

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Trough is is the opposite of a crest, so the minimum or lowest point in a cycle.

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Crest is the point on a wave with the maximum value or upward displacement within a cycle.