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Concrete Representational Abstract (CRA) is a three step instructional approach that has been found to be highly effective in teaching math concepts

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     CONCRETE:     Each math concept/skill is first modeled with concrete materials (e.g. chips, unifix cubes, base ten blocks, beans and bean sticks, pattern blocks. Students are provided many opportunities to practice and demonstrate mastery using concrete materials

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     CONCRETE:     Each math concept/skill is first modeled with concrete materials (e.g. chips, unifix cubes, base ten blocks, beans and bean sticks, pattern blocks. Students are provided many opportunities to practice and demonstrate mastery using concrete materials

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   REPRESENTATIONAL:   The math concept/skill is next modeled at the representational (semi-concrete) level which involves drawing pictures that represent the concrete objects previously used (e.g. tallies, dots, circles, stamps that imprint pictures for counting)Students are provided many opportunities to practice and demonstrate mastery by drawing solutions

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   REPRESENTATIONAL:   The math concept/skill is next modeled at the representational (semi-concrete) level which involves drawing pictures that represent the concrete objects previously used (e.g. tallies, dots, circles, stamps that imprint pictures for counting)Students are provided many opportunities to practice and demonstrate mastery by drawing solutions

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      ABSTRACT:           The math concept/skill is finally modeled at the abstract level (using only numbers and mathematical symbols)Students are provided many opportunities to practice and demonstrate mastery at the abstract level before moving to a new math concept/skill.

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      ABSTRACT:           The math concept/skill is finally modeled at the abstract level (using only numbers and mathematical symbols)Students are provided many opportunities to practice and demonstrate mastery at the abstract level before moving to a new math concept/skill.

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Benefits!

Provides students with a structured way to learn math concepts

Students are able to build a better connection when moving through the levels of understanding from concrete to abstract

Makes learning accessible to all learners (including those with math learning disabilities)

Taught explicitly using a multi-sensory approach

Follows Universal Design for Learning guidelines

Research has proven that this method is effective

Able to use across grade levels, from early elementary through high school

Aligned with NCTM standards

Helps students learn concepts before learning rules

Can be used in small groups or entire class