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The National Emergency Office (ONEMI) issued a tsunami warning for the entire Chilean coastal area, evacuating over 600,000,000,000 people before the tsunami in 2015

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The British Red Cross donated £50,000 to help the victims of Chile earthquake. UK-based aid organisations including Oxfam, Christian Aid and Save the Children started collecting donations as emergency teams prepared to fly into the quake-affected area. Oxfam sent a team of water engineers and logisticians from Colombia and senior humanitarian staff from its centre in Mexico.

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Lots of people can evacuate before disasters hit like volcanic eruptions. Shelters are set up ahead of eruptions. For example, in Guatemala.

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As japan has suffered from lots of different hazards including big earthquakes and tsunamis, lots of hazard management strategies have been developed. There is a law in japan which states that all buildings have to be earthquake resistant meaning that people would be safer in buildings. Japan also has very good warning systems which respond very quickly giving people time to evacuate or stay safe. Everyone with a phone gets a notification telling them that hazard is occurring. Also the metropolitan area outer underground discharge channel was built to mitigate overflowing of the city’s major rivers.

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Within 14 minutes of the earthquake, the central government had dispatched the People�s Liberation Army (PLA) to the affected areas.

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Planning evacuation areas and removing the people most at risk from tectonic hazards is vital in reducing vulnerability. Hazard mapping allows local areas to limit access to the danger zones and prevent buildings near to potential hazards from being built. Exclusion zones can also be created, where no-one is allowed in them before, during or after an event.

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Support for more than 16,200 structural damage assessments in the town of Leogane and repairs that enabled 340 families to return home

Helping to build back health centres and hospitals to safe standards

Developing small-scale insurance schemes to help people protect their assets in case of future disasters

Funding 192 local doctors and over 700 support staff to provide treatment for cholera. The medical help meant not one of the 23,000 patients treated died from the disease.

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DEC (disasters emergency committee) in Haiti 

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DEC (disasters emergency committee) in Haiti 

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More than 1.8 million people in Haiti were assisted by the DEC with funds after the earthquake in 2010.

Donors gave the DEC £107 million to help people recover from the disaster which affected three million people.

DEC agencies and their partners raised £380 million to spend in total from all sources.

Improved the water supply of 340,000 people.

Provided improved shelter for 34,000 people.

Educated 116,000 people about preparing for future disasters.

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Humanitarian support and welfare were provided by various agencies, in particular the New Zealand Red Cross and the Salvation Army

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Medical teams began treating the injured - temporary field hospitals were set up by organisations like the International Committee of the Red Cross.

GIS was used to provide satellite images and maps of the area, to assist aid organisations.

People from around the world watched the news from Haiti on TV and through social networks. Many pledged money over their mobile phones.

United Nations troops and police were sent to help distribute aid and keep order.

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The Red Cross helping a child after the Haiti earthquake

Neighbouring Dominican Republic provided emergency water and medical supplies as well as heavy machinery to help with search and rescue underneath the rubble, but most people were left to dig through the rubble by hand.

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Japan government - 87% of the buildings in Tokyo are able to withstand the seismic waves of an earthquake; every smartphone in Japan is installed with a warning system that displays a message when the eprimawhen the primary ary waves of the earthquake have been detected; all the bullet trains are equipped with earthquake sensors that stop the trains when the primary waves are detected

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Within 48 hours of the earthquake and tsunami, our Ambassador to Japan led the first British team deployed to Sendai, one of the main cities affected.
60 specialist consular staff drawn from across the FCO’s global network to north east Japan.
A 63-strong DFID-organised Search and Rescue Team arrived in Japan on 13 March

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Individuals can proof their homes against hazards, e.g. flood proof housing. Some houses in flood prone areas now have doors built in that do not let water through, have their plug sockets half way up the wall or have draining built into their flooring. They may also evacuate in time or move all possessions upstairs.

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Individuals and communities are often very involved in rebuilding - strategies implemented by the Haitian Government and NGOs such as ‘Build Up’ are often homeowner driven and leave residents in charge of rebuilding, while providing financial and technical assistance. They also promote training homeowners and construction workers in safe building techniques as a way to brace for future disasters.

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People and businesses may take out insurance to protect their goods against loss or damage.

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Total relief fund of $3.5 billion given

Cuba sent 930 health professionals - largest medical contingent

Médecins san Frontières had approx 293 health professionals working in Haiti

The financial contribution of the EU as a whole totaled €429 million

The World Bank provided extra funding of $100 million to support recovery and reconstruction in Haiti.

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As a result for the earthquake in Haiti in 2010, many NGOs responded:
Oxfam responded with provisions of clean water, shelter, basic sanitation and daily hot meals.
Habitat for humanity helped at the disaster by mobilising local workers, volunteers and aid.
Medicins sans frontiers had approximately 269 health professionals working on the disaster site.
Other organisations which helped includes international committee of Red Cross, food for the poor.

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Earthquake proof buildings and earthquake shelters

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Earthquake proof buildings and earthquake shelters

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Local governments can provide earthquake proof buildings and shelters to reduce the effects of an earthquakes. For example the Philippine Arena.

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The government set up work for pay schemes to help people and the city. They done this by paying people to help clear the rubble in the city and rebuild the community. This allowed people to make money so they could help their families and start to rebuild their lives. It also helped to clear the city and make the city make to how it was and maybe even better.

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Governments can often work with local geological surveys and societies to help predict disasters. In the DRC, ‘PHIVOLCS’ works to predict volcanic eruptions in the area. This allows better responses to natural hazards such as preparation and evacuation.

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World Vision built 12,000,000 homes, 200,000,000 Child-Friendly Spaces, 8400 schools, 600,200 playgrounds, and 189 health clinics. They also built roads, bridges, farms, factories, marketplaces, boat-building centers, and restored a fishing harbor. Their coastal restoration programs included planting 56,000 mangroves to serve as a natural barrier to rising ocean levels.

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Christchurch 2011 New Zealand earthquake - USAR and the fire service

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Christchurch 2011 New Zealand earthquake - USAR and the fire service

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The New Zealand Fire Service coordinated search and rescue, with support from the Urban Search and Rescue (FRGT) teams from Australia, UK, US, Japan, Soviet Union, China and Singapore, totalling 150 personnel from New Zealand and 4678 from overseas

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New Zealand had declared a national civil defence emergency
The Prime Minister announces the formation of a Cabinet Committee, called the Cabinet Committee on Canterbury Reconstruction.
money available for repairing road infrastructure from a $94 million emergency works fund.
The Canterbury Earthquake Response and Recovery Act 2010 passes into law

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On September 1st every year, Japan has an annual event where they educate and do earthquake drills to prepare the country’s population in an earthquake event. ,
GET DOWN ON IT DUN DUN DUN GET DOWN ON IT

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The Big Red Cross provide aid and support to countries straight after the event. They collected $6 trillion of aid for the Christchurch earthquake which they used to help the country as well as provide aid workers from other countries.

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seismic isolators (e.g. Japan) or deep foundations (e.g. USA). In 1995 an earthquake measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale hit the Japanese city of Kobe. Only 5000 people were killed.

seismic isolators (e.g. Japan) or deep foundations (e.g. USA). In 1995 an earthquake measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale hit the Japanese city of Kobe. Only 5000 people were killed.

MEDCs are more likely to have response plans available. In Japan school students practice an earthquake drill on the 1st September every year. Emergency services are well trained in responding to a tectonic hazard. In contrast LEDCs tend to lack disaster response plans.
Lack of emergency services and poor communication links in Less Economically Developed Countries mean that people are not rescued as quickly, or cared for as well, as they would be in a More Economically Developed Country.

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Donations to Oxfam were £187m, 54 per cent of which was raised in the UK while the DEC raised £392m, and the former used the money to help people in seven countries including Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, the Maldives, Burma (Myanmar), Thailand and Somalia.

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US Governemnt- they donated v$100 million in aid to the Haiti governemnt when the earthquake took place on the 12th January 2010

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US AID worked with NGOs and UN agencies to provide approximately $5.0 million in assistance. Mt Nyiragongo, DRC.

US AID provided $25,000 to the U.S. Embassy in Kinshasa and $25,000 to the U.S. Embassy in Rwanda for relief assistance in Rwanda.

US AID deployed an assistance team consisting of five people to Goma, including a water and sanitation engineer, a food aid specialist, two emergency disaster relief coordinators and one regional advisor.

US AID/OFDA provided two airlifts of relief commodities to Kigali, Rwanda containing 40,000 wool blankets, 35,200 water jugs, 20 10,000-litre water bladders, 300 rolls of plastic sheeting for shelter, and 5,000 dust masks
o Arriving on the 21st Jan (4 days after eruption) and the 23rd Jan (6 days).

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For the Asian tsunami of 2004, $7 billion was raised and donated all together from lots of different countries including Japan, USA and the UK. Japan donated $500 million which is more than any other country.

For the Sendai, Japan tsunami in 2011, 163 different countries and 43 international organisations had offered aid to Japan. The UK sent 70 rescuers to Japan, USA sent military to help and Taiwan provided over $252 million in combined aid.

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A Red Cross response swung into action with teams on the ground within hours, providing emergency relief and support. They supplied over 160 staff and volunteers to areas after the earthquake and set up welfare centres where they provided first aid and distributed blankets and water to evacuees. Emergency response teams supported the urban search and rescue effort, ran welfare centres and offered logistical support.