# data[].attributes.body
In the early 1980’s homelessness started to increase tremendously. The Reagan Administration viewed this as a problem federal legislators shouldn’t address. The views of the Administration caused people to advocate and campaign all around the country. By 1986, the peoples' voices were heard. The Homeless persons survival act was introduced to both houses of Congress. While the Act was introduced, Americans were still frustrated and continue to advocate for change.

By late 1986, Congress declined the passage of the Homeless Persons’ Survival Act. Chief Republican sponsor, Stewart B Mckinnley died shortly after congress decided to pass the act. This caused the Homeless Persons’ Survival Act to be renamed the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act. The act became official when President Ronald Reagan reluctantly signed it into law July 22, 1987. The act originally Consisted of 15 different programs to offer service to homeless people. Some of the services were “...emergency shelter, transitional housing, job training, primary health care, education, and some permanent housing”(National Coalition for the Homeless).
While President Clinton was in office in 2000, Bruce Vento died. Bruce was one of the key supporters since the act was first signed in 1987. Bill Clinton decided to rename the act to McKinney-Vento in honor of Bruce's commitment. He signed the act to be renamed on October 30, 2000
The McKinney-Vento act was reauthorized several times throughout the years. In 2001, the Bush Administration passed the No Child left Behind Act reauthorizing the Mckinney Vento Act to ensure that homeless children are provided the same opportunity at public education as other children and youth. (Homeless Program)

School of EducationProject HOPE - Virginia. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://education.wm.edu/centers/hope/resources/mckinneyact/index.php

History. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://mckinneyventoact.weebly.com/history.html

# data[].attributes.body
Blau, J. & Abramovitz, M. (2014). The dynamics of social welfare policy. (4th ed.). New York: Oxford Press.
History. (2018). The 1980s. Retrieved from  https://www.history.com/topics/1980s/1980s
National Coalition for the Homeless. (2006). McKinney-Vento Act. Washington, DC. NCH
School of EducationProject HOPE - Virginia. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://education.wm.edu/centers/hope/resources/mckinneyact/index.php

# data[].attributes.body
·     For most individuals, the most important financial asset is the home.

·     It is federal policy that homelessness alone is not sufficient reason to separate students from the mainstream school environment.

·     Homeless children face barriers of enrollment, attendance, & success rates compared to their peers.

·     The Mckinney-Vento Act provides homeless children access to services comparable to other students in their school – such as transportation, meals, and educational programs.

·     In economic terms, providing equal opportunity for children to pursue education is enough to be functional without having to provide affordable housing for families.

·     This perpetuates the disparities between puclic and private components.

# data[].attributes.body
The McKinney-Vento Act is a set of policies that ensure the rights of homeless individuals in the United States. Spanning from 1986 to present day, there have been many amendments and changes to the McKinney-Vento Act, which was first called the Homeless Person’s Survival Act. Only a few parts of the Act was passed into law, which first was the Homeless Eligibility Clarification Act of 1986, that broke down the barrier of individuals who did not have permanent addresses, and allowed them to still qualify for benefits like SSI and food stamps. The next part of the Act that was enacted into law was the Title I, that added emergency relief programs for things like food and shelter, as was called the Urgent Relief for the Homeless Act.

The act was renamed after the late Republican Sponsor of the act, and was passed into law by President Regan in 1987, and renamed again by President Clinton in 2000,

The McKinney-Vento Act contains nine titles and provides a range of service programs to the homeless. The nine titles are:

Title I: provides a definition of homelessness as well as six findings from Congress
Title II: describes the Interagency Council on the Homeless, the entity within the Executive Branch headed by 15 federal agencies
Title II: authorizes the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to administer the Emergency Food and Shelter Program
Title IV: authorizes the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to administer the emergency shelter and transitional housing programs
Title V: places requirements on federal agencies to provide available federal property, like buildings and land, to be used by states to assist housing of homeless people
Title VI: authorizes HUD to administer programs to serve homeless individuals like health care services, community mental health services, and substance use disorder treatments
Title VII: authorized four programs: Adult Education for the Homeless, Education of Homeless Children and Youth, Job Training for the Homeless Demonstration, and Emergency Community Services Homeless Grant
Title VIII: creates amendments to the Food Stamp program to allow participation for persons who are homeless, and expands Temporary Emergency Food Assistance
Title IX: extends the Veterans Job Training Act

Although the McKinney-Vento Act does a great deal to aid homeless individuals and provide needed programs to support, there are still many issues that the act does not cover, and does not combat the social problem of homeless at it's core.

Reference:
National Coalition for the Homeless. (2006). McKinney-Vento Act. Washington, DC. NCH

# data[].attributes.body
For many people living in the United States, the 1970's were troubled times. By early 1982, the U.S. faced its biggest recession since the Great Depression and by November of that year, there were 9 million people unemployed

In the early 1980's there was a local response to the increasing homelessness and it became widespread. Even though President Reagan viewed Homelessness as a problem, he refused to believe or acknowledge that the federal government needed to intervene.

-  As a result of the increased advocates around the country who demanded federal intervention, there was finally a national response.
- The Homeless Person's Survival Act was introduced to both houses of Congress in 1986

In response to the devastations associated with the 1960's and 1970's, such as the Watergate scandal, Vietnam War, and uncertainty in the Middle East, Americans embraced a new conservatism.

- This concept of new conservatism applied to social, economic, and political life and was characterized by the policies of President Reagan during the 1980's

The 1980's was the rise of the New Right and they heavily backed Reagan:

The New Right was a populist conservative movement that appealed to a wide range of Americans

The movement resonated with many citizens who had once supported more liberal policies but who no longer believed the Democratic Party represented their interests

Tired of paying high taxes for social programs they did not consider effective and were worried about the stagnating economy

Goals:

Shrink size of federal gov't, promote family values, reduce gov't regulations, lower taxes, reduce spending

Sources:
Blau, J. & Abramovitz, M. (2014). The dynamics of social welfare policy. (4th ed.). New York: Oxford Press.
History. (2018). The 1980s. Retrieved from  https://www.history.com/topics/1980s/1980s

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
SW 812B Presentation Politics and Ideology

# data[].attributes.body
·     Widely began as a societal problem in the 1970s.

·     The federal government has neverprovided direct public assistance to more than 6% of U. S. households.

·     Home ownership rates directly mirror divisions of class and race.

·     Housing discrimination STILL exists!

·     Homelessness affects those living in poverty and working class families.

·     Conservatives blame individual deficiencies, irresponsible behavior from the permissiveness of the 1960s, single motherhood, a discharge of patients from mental hospitals, and the increased availability of temporary shelter.

·     Progressives blame the housing shortage, the decline in wages, and cutbacks in social welfare.

·     In 2010, 9.8 million poor people were competing for 5.5 million units.

·     In 2012, the minimum housing wage for a 2-bedroom apartment at the fair market rent was $18.25 an hour.

·     Many American cities criminalize homeless individuals.

·     Although fewer people live on the streets due to an increase in the number of temporary shelter beds, many do not have a home.

Source:

Blau, J. & Abramovitz, M. (2014).

# data[].attributes.body
1983: The first federal task force to combat homelessness was created - but this task force did not address the issue through programming or politic action

The National Coalition for the Homeless - a movement made up of individuals who are experiencing or have experienced homelessness, advocates and activities, and other individuals who are committed to ending and preventing homelessness