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common problem in lenses which occurs when colors are incorrectly refracted (bent) by the lens, resulting in a mismatch at the focal point where the colors do not combine as they should.

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an image entails conversion of a continuous gradation of tone to several regions of fewer tones, with abrupt changes from one tone to another.

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Aliasing an effect that causes different signals to become indistinguishable. Moiré is an interference pattern produced by overlaying similar but slightly offset templates.

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a noticeable distortion of media caused by the application of lossy compression

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distortion in which the image of a straight line appears to be curved convexly toward the axis. Barrel lens distortion is an effect associated with wide-angle lenses and, in particular, zoom wide-angles.

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Advanced Photo System type-C is an image sensor format approximately equivalent in size to the Advanced Photo System film negative in its C format, of 25.1×16.7 mm, an aspect ratio of 3:2.

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amera uses a sensor that's the same size as a single frame of traditional 35mm film, measuring 36 x 24mm.

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a sensor that detects and conveys information used to make an image

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the ratio of a camera sensor's size to a 35mm film frame

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a unit of memory or data equal to 1,024 (2¹⁰) bytes.

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a unit of information equal to 2²⁰ bytes or, loosely, one million bytes.

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a unit of information equal to one billion (10⁹) or, strictly, 2³⁰ bytes.

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a unit of information equal to one million million (10¹²) or, strictly, 2⁴⁰ bytes.

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a group of binary digits or bits (usually eight) operated on as a unit.

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The movement presented a challenge to traditions of fine art by including imagery from popular and mass culture, such as advertising, comic books and mundane cultural objects

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a 20th-century avant-garde movement in art and literature which sought to release the creative potential of the unconscious mind, for example by the irrational juxtaposition of images.

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minimalism is an art movement that began in post–World War II Western art, most strongly with American visual arts in the 1960s and early 1970s

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brought different views of subjects, together in the same picture, resulting in paintings that appear fragmented and abstracted

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where the artist is being innovative and experimental in an aspect of their art.

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is the use of pre-existing objects or images with little or no transformation applied to them.

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is the superimposition of two or more exposures to create a single image, and double exposure has a corresponding meaning in respect of two images

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is a work of art depicting mostly inanimate subject matter, typically commonplace objects which are either natural or man-made.

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an area of photography capturing images used to sell, advertise or market a business, a product, a service, a person or persons.

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is the taking of photographs from an aircraft or other flying object.

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the amount of tones of particular brightness found in your photograph(black-white)

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is a term used to describe art that challenges the existing accepted definitions of art.

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the use of camera movements that change the orientation and/or position of the lens with respect to the film or image sensor on cameras.

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is art that is made by assembling disparate elements, often everyday objects, scavenged by the artist or bought specially

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are placed in front of the camera lens to reduce the light intensity entering the lens.

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involves one of the two following methods. Processing positive color reversal film in C-41 chemicals, resulting in a negative image on a colorless base.

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a tight structure of a similar shape to the honeycomb made by honey bees. Light shines through the grid and creates a tight beam of light.

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is simply a shallow parabolic disk that attaches to a light source. There is a plate covering the flash head – this causes the light to reflect back into and out to the sides of the main dish

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an adaptable light modifier, used to create a very tightly focused beam of light which has the full intensity of the light source shining through it.

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is nothing more than a light modifier, is to the model or subject, the softer the light appears, emulating window light.

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a self-contained photographic flash lighting unit usually found in a studio, independently controlled: each has its own power settings and light output.

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a light source that causes a specular highlight in a subject's eye in an image.

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the Curves adjustment, you adjust points throughout an image's tonal range

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which can move and stretch the brightness levels of an image histogram

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a simple lighting tool that is commonly used for beauty shots, portraits, and macro photography

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“Straight Out Of Camera”, simply meaning that an image can be good enough to print straight from the camera without further processing.

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a positive photograph on glass made by a variant of the wet plate collodion process

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a photographic image-transfer process, or print making technique, which uses instant film

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an image produced from a photographic negative transferred to a metal plate and etched in.

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a photographic blueprint.

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an organic alternative photography process akin to the anthotype process

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is when half of the subject's face is lit, while the other half is left dark.

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using one light and a reflector, or two lights, and is popular because it is capable of producing images which appear both natural and compelling with a minimum of equipment.

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a portrait lighting pattern where the subject is lit from about 45 degrees in front of them and above.

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a portrait lighting pattern where the key light is placed above and directly centered with a subject's face.

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a portrait lighting pattern where the portion of the subject's face that is turned toward the camera is lit most brightly.

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a classic portrait lighting pattern where the subject is lit from the side of their face that is farthest from the camera.