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Dominant spoken language(s):
Dusun language & Sabah Malay

Dialects:
Dusunic and Paitanic

Language Family:
Austronesian

Native speakers:
496,000

Origins:
Dusun is a tribe located in Sabah and has been recognised as the largest ethnic group in Sabah. Although there are other similarly named ethnic groups such as Bruneian Dusuns in Brunei & the Dusuns in Indonesia, they are unrelated. The Dusuns in Sabah on the other hand are often grouped or related to the Kadazan people.
The majority of the Dusuns have been residing in the hills and upland valleys as they are all primarily agriculturists.

Religions:

Christian, Islam and Momolianism

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NEWS ARTICLE: Honouring the legend of Huminodun, the essence of Kaamatan

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NEWS ARTICLE: Honouring the legend of Huminodun, the essence of Kaamatan

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Key points from the news article:

1. The Kaamatan festival is a celebration practised by the Dusuns as a celebration of thanksgiving and to show respect towards the legend, Huminodun.

2. Though the practice of the festival might have evolved throughout the years, the core essence of it remains the same- to honour Huminodun.

3. Up till today, the Dusuns honoured Huminodun wholeheartedly. This is due to the sacrifices she made for her people which they believed had saved the land and the people from famine.

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Honouring the legend of Huminodun, the essence of Kaamatan | New Straits Times

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PENAMPANG: A former beauty queen recalled how the Kadazandusun community here lived and embraced an agrarian lifestyle that has faded over time.

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JOURNAL ARTICLE: A Tale of Two Celebrations: the Pesta Kaamatan as a site of struggle between a minority and the state in Sabah, East Malaysia

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JOURNAL ARTICLE: A Tale of Two Celebrations: the Pesta Kaamatan as a site of struggle between a minority and the state in Sabah, East Malaysia

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Key points from the article:

1. The Significance of Kaamatan
- The Pesta Kaamatan or better known as - the annual Harvest Festival of the Kadazandusuns people in Sabah has emerged as one of the symbolism of this ethnic group. According to the community, this festival is celebrated and honoured to show respect and gratitude towards their creator, the Supreme Being, Kinoingan who sacrificed her one and only daughter, Huminodun.

2. The Origin/ Story of Huminodun
- Told and passed down by all Dusunic people, there lived a very beautiful and kindhearted young woman named Huminodun who sacrifices herself for the sake of her people.

-During the beginning of time, the land created by Kinoingan experienced a bad famine and prolonged drought which causes there to be no more staple food left for the people. In order to save the land and its people, Huminodun voluntarily sacrifices herself to Mother Earth as she discovers that her sacrificed body could produce a variety of plant seeds and staple food.

- "My flesh will give rise to rice, my head- the coconut, my bones- tapioca, my toes- ginger, my teeth- maize and my bones- yams"

- Right after her blood touches the Earth, life was reborn for the Dusunic people.

- Before Huminodun immolated herself to provide for the human beings of her land, she directed her father that he should take seven stalks of padi and tie them to one end of a spliced bamboo stick and plant them at the centre of the field and only take it home after the harvest was completed. This act and the event stalks of padi shall represent her spirit.

-Huminodun, later on, was transformed into Unduk Ngadau, a spirit that came out of a big jar (rice container) that stores the rice harvested by human beings.

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A short documentary video of exploring the origin of Unduk Ngadau beauty pageant, in which is inspired and related with the ancient folklore, Huminodun.

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Image:
https://pluralartmag.com/2017/09/10/huminodun-spirit-of-the-harvest/

Journal Article:
Barlocco, F. (2011). A Tale of Two Celebrations: The Pesta Kaamatan as a Site of Struggle between a Minority and the
State in Sabah, East Malaysia. Asian Journal of Social Science, 39(5), 605–626. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43497845

News Article:
Mu, P. (2021, May 30). Honouring the legend of huminodun, the essence of Kaamatan - NST Online. new straits time . Retrieved April 20, 2022, from https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2021/05/694349/honouring-legend-huminodun-essence-kaamatan

Other Sources:
Myths, history and folklore of rice in Malaysia and The rice soul. earthstoriez. (2021, October 17). Retrieved April 20, 2022, from https://www.earthstoriez.com/malaysia-myths-history-folklore-rice/

Project, J. (n.d.). Dusun, Kadazan in Malaysia. Joshua Project. Retrieved April 20, 2022, from https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/11393/MY

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Dominant spoken language(s):
Melanau and Malay

Dialects:
Sebuan & Banyok (Sibu)

Language Family:
Austronesian

Native speakers:
40 000 (decreasing)

Origins:
Melanau people also known as A-Likau (River People in Mukah dialect) are one of the earliest settlers of Sarawak. Originally, this community resided along the Rajang River located in Central Sarawak. The Melanau people are also known as one of the rare ethnic groups in Malaysia as they make up the fifth largest ethnic group in Sarawak and have their identities derived through people such as parents, friends, relatives and teachers.

Religions:
Islam and Christians

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NEWS ARTICLE: Tugau cough can be heard 60km 800 years ago in the Melanau area

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NEWS ARTICLE: Tugau cough can be heard 60km 800 years ago in the Melanau area

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Key points from the news article:

1. According to the folks, the legendary Tugau is immortal and will forever be remembered by the Melanau community.

2. Legends said that Tugau's cough could be heard from 60km away due to his gigantic body and is well known for his leadership that civilized the Melanau community 500 years ago before the arrival of Islam in Sarawak.

3. Despite his contribution and dedication to his people, Tugau is also hated for his cruelty and known as "a man of law" (anyone who disobeys the law will be sentenced to death immediately)

4. The existence of Tugau is also supported by JB Archer, a British official who wrote in the Sarawak gazette back in 1948 - there was no doubt that Tugau did exist and according to the Melanau people he met at the time, considered the Melanau king to be a great leader.

5. Another supporting finding to prove Tugau's legacy was the discovery by Penghulu Sahari Ubu of an area where a pillar of a Tugau's longhouse was buried for hundred years at the confluence of Sungai Retus and Sungai Igan.

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MUKAH: Kisah mengenai Maharaja Tugau masih hidup dalam memori kolektif masyarakat Melanau.

Menurut legenda, jika Tugau batuk di kawasan jajahannya di Sungai Retus, ia kedengaran di perkampungan tepi laut Igan yang terletak kira-kira 60 kilometer dari tempatnya.

Retus merupakan cabang besar Sungai Igan. Kisah Tugau masih diingat masyarakat Melanau dari Matu hingga Miri.

J.B Archer, pegawai British yang menulis dalam Sarawak gazette pada 1948 berkata, tidak diragui Tugau memang wujud dan menurut orang Melanau yang ditemuinya ketika itu, menganggap raja Melanau sebagai pemimpin yang hebat.

Rumah Tugau dikatakan terdapat di Retus, dengan tiang besar, sehingga tiga orang lelaki tidak dapat memeluknya.

Sungai Retus sebenarnya ialah satu terusan yang digali oleh para pengikut Tugau atas arahan beliau. Itulah sebabnya ia lurus sejauh satu kilometer dari muara.

Sungai Retus juga dinamakan sempena isteri beliau.

Tahun 2005, Penghulu Sahari Ubu, menurut Bernama, mengetuai 120 pengikutnya masuk ke kawasan di mana sebatang tiang rumah panjang Tugau tertimbus dalam tanah beratus-ratus tahun lamanya di kuala Sungai Retus dan Sungai Igan (anak sungai Rajang, sungai terpanjang di Malaysia).

Untuk sampai ke kawasan itu ia mengambil masa selama satu jam perjalanan dari Sibu menaiki bot laju.

"Tugau was a giant of a man and all he had was in propotion...Tugau was indeed a mighty man of valour but in other aspect he would appear to have been exceptional," tulis Archer.

"Menurut kisah yang diperturunkan dari generasi ke generasi, Tugau adalah seorang lelaki yang memiliki kekuatan dan saiz yang luar biasa. Tiang seri rumah panjangnya amat besar. Jika seorang dewasa mengukurnya dengan sepemeluk, hujung jari pun tidak dapat bertemu," cerita Sahari seperti dipetik Bernama.

Beliau dipercayai hidup 500 tahun sebelum ketibaan Islam di Sarawak iaitu kira-kira 800 tahun yang lalu.

Bagi orang lama Melanau yang tinggal di kawasan pesisir, Tugau ialah seorang wira yang telah melancarkan perang ke atas Kesultanan Brunei yang memerintah Sarawak pada masa itu.

Satu-satunya perwatakan Tugau yang menyebabkan beliau dibenci ialah kekejamannya.

Dikatakan setiap patah perkataan yang keluar dari mulutnya adalah undang-undang.

"Sesiapa yang bertindak membelakangkan undang-undangnya akan dihukum mati," Sahari dipetik sebagai berkata.

Hari ini, apa yang tinggal di kubu Tugau ialah serpihan-serpihan balang dan yang lain. - Sarawakvoice

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Batuk Tugau dapat didengar 60km 800 tahun lalu di kawasan Melanau

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MUKAH: Kisah mengenai Maharaja Tugau masih hidup dalam memori kolektif masyarakat Melanau. Menurut legenda, jika Tugau batuk di kawasan jajahannya di Sungai Retus, ia kedengaran di perkampungan tepi laut Igan yang terletak kira-kira 60 kilometer dari tempatnya. Retus merupakan cabang besar Sungai Igan. Kisah Tugau masih diingat masyarakat Melanau dari Matu hingga Miri.

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BOOK: Stories From Sarawak- MELANAU STORIES

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BOOK: Stories From Sarawak- MELANAU STORIES

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Key points from the book:

1. The Origin Of Tugau, Melanau's warrior

- The story of Tugau was passed down through generations as it was hardly written in any form back in those days and according to the Melanau people, he was a Melanau warrior who fought for the people and was respected as the father of Melanau’s civilization.

- He was born with a sword and magic spear which makes him different from other newborn babies and as time passes by, he grew as big as a giant with a height of ten feet tall. He was enormous and tough, which leads to him protecting the people who reside along the Igan River.

2. Tugau’s contribution to the Melanau people

- Back in those days, the poor folks that planted sago and rice were often robbed by the pirates and they ended up not living in a longhouse as it is an easier attack for their enemies to burn it down. These poor incidents lead the Melanau people to live shadily and keep on running away from the robbers.
- Later on, Tugau entered their village and lived with them to build a better civilization- he took the people on a fishing expedition that leads to sufficient food supplies for everyone to eat and to sell the traders. He also initiated the construction of the “tall house”. By building a tall house, it will be hard for their enemies to attack them compared to building a longhouse.
- Everything under Tugau’s planning was well organized and he was appointed by the people to become the leader of the Melanau people.

3. The Downfall of Tugau

- Despite the power of ruling he already had, Tugau desires to rule the rest of the Borneo coast starting with Brunei. Tugau sent a message to Alak Betatar to demand submissions from Brunei in order for him to protect Brunei, thinking he was strong enough. However, this demand was refused by Alak Betatar and it leads to a war between Tugau, his people and Brunei.

- Unexpectedly, Tugau lost in the war and had to comply with the rules and made a full submission to Alak Betatar by paying the tribute demanded.

- The aftermath of the war leads to Alak Betatar becoming their supreme ruler but with Tugau and other chiefs under him, they are allowed to continue protecting their people.

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There are many stories about Tugau, the mighty warrior who stood out agains the Sultan of Brunei and his powerful fighting men. Melanau Children are told of his strange feats- when Tugau was a small baby he already had a sword and a magic spear. He was constantly hungry, so he asked his mother to bake a sago pellets as big as hens's egg....

When he grew up he stood then feet tall. almost like a giant. When Tugau coughed in Pasai Siung the noise could be heard all the way up in Sibu. He even tried to climb into the sky once, to visit the spirits who dwell in the kingdom of Likou Kiangan. He built a ladder of three long sticks, but the heavenly watchmen saw him coming and pushed the ladder over. Tugau drop back to the earth without injury, but the three sticks were so big, and fell so heavily, that the they made the rivers of Oya, Mukah and Igan.... (Read more below)

About the Author:

Heidi Munan was born in Switzerland and educated in New Zealand. A graduate post-primary teacher, she has lived in Sarawak since 1965.

Heidi Munan is fond of reading, particularly old books about the history and geography of Southeast Asia. When her children were young, their grandmother used to tell them stories; this developed the author's interest in folk tales. She has written books about the daily life, customs, arts and handicrafts of her home state.

Heidi Munan does research at the Sarawak Museum. She is a regular contributor to national and foreign newspapers and publications, including the MAS inflight magazine Going Places.
Quoted from: The Literary Pursuit

This Stories is taken from her book The Melanau Stories by Heidi Munan. You can find and buy the book here at SelectBook.com.sg
Learn Melanau by Nativeglot.com provides insider information about melanau unique cultures and language

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There are many stories about Tugau, the mighty warrior who stood out agains the Sultan of Brunei and his powerful fighting men. Melanau Children are told of his strange feats- when Tugau was a small baby he already had a sword and a magic spear.

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Image:
http://learnmelanau.nativeglot.com/2012/10/the-fall-of-melanau-kingdom-and.html

Book:
Munan, H. (2006). The Story Of Tugau. In Melanau stories (pp. 1–15). essay, Utusan Publications & Distributors.

News Article:
Batuk Tugau Dapat didengar 60km 800 Tahun Lalu di Kawasan Melanau. Sarawakvoice.com. (2017, October 23). Retrieved April 24, 2022, from https://sarawakvoice.com/2017/10/23/batuk-tugau-dapat-didengar-60km-800-tahun-lalu-di-kawasan-melanau/

Other Sources:
Hisyamudin, M. (2019, July 10). Journey to melanau heartland. Visit Sarawak 2022 #BounceBackBetter. Retrieved April 24, 2022, from https://sarawaktourism.com/blog/journey-to-melanau-heartland/

Project, J. (n.d.). Melanau in Malaysia. Joshua Project: People Groups of the World. Retrieved April 24, 2022, from https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/13666/MY

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Dominant spoken language(s):
Semai and Malay language

Dialects:
none

Language Family:
Austroasiatic

Native speakers:
59 000 speakers

Origins:
The Semai, also known as Mai Semai or Orang Dalam is by far the most numerous of the Orang Asli community in Peninsular Malaysia and most of their settlements are found in the villages of Perak, Pahang, Selangor and Kelantan. Their main  livelihood has evolved into a mixed system of arboriculture, shifting cultivation, hunting and forest product trading. Agriculture and hunting are also one of their main economic activities. The Semai people are also well known for their values has a high tolerance for violence and bad behaviour as they prefer to avoid any conflicts.

Religions:
Animism (majority), Christian and Sunni Islam (minority)

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JOURNAL ARTICLE: Recontextualizing Indigenous Senai Original Folktales Of Bah Lud for Malaysian Children

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JOURNAL ARTICLE: Recontextualizing Indigenous Senai Original Folktales Of Bah Lud for Malaysian Children

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Key points from the article:

1. Bah Lud's Origin
- According to the Semai’s storyteller, Bah Lud’s folktale was very popular as it was transmitted from generation to generation among the Orang Asli’s community.
-Bah Lud’s stories are well known amongst the Senai community that resides in the Perak region and according to locals, Bah Lud is the youngest sibling of the “seven sons”. He is considered the Senai’s superhero due to his wisdom and supernatural powers.
-Bah Lud is also known for having a few other names that depend on each Orang Asli subgroup which are Bah Lud (called by Northern Semai), Yok Lud (Southern Semai) and lastly, he goes by the name Mamak Bongsu (Temuan community). Despite being one of the well-known superhero figures amongst the Orang Asli community, Bah Lud often masks his divine identity from his family and villagers which is one of the reasons that lead the Semai people to look up to him.

2. Bah Lud and The Seven Bataks
-Bah Lud and The Seven Bataks are one of the most told folktales of Bah Lud. Back in those days, the Bataks are described as monster-like antagonists that eat humans. In correlation with the real-life situation, the Bataks are known for cannibalism which was practised in the community.

-In the storyline, Bah Lud’s wife and son had been eaten up by seven Bataks, they hanged both of them on a tree, killed them brutally and ate them. Furiously, Bah Lud found the Bataks and wanted to kill all of them immediately.

-However, Bah Lud was stopped by his guniq (a spirit guide) who told him to not act smart in order to take revenge for his family’s death. Instead of acting out of anger, he came up with a plan to poison the Bataks so it is easier for him to take them down without any need to struggle with those monsters.

-At the end of the story, Bah Lud is able to restore his wife and child’s life and take on his revenge smartly.

-The values practised by the Semai people from Bah Lud’s tales are that- practices of good virtues will always win over the evil ones and this value is aligned with the Semai people’s personality traits.

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NEWS ARTICLE: Meet Orang Asli Hero Bah Luj

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NEWS ARTICLE: Meet Orang Asli Hero Bah Luj

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Key points from the news article:

1. Bah Luj is one of the underrated folktales compared to other famous Malay folk tales and is almost unheard of nowadays.

2. However, the story of this one particular heroic figure among the Semai community in Peninsular Malaysia is calculated to be one of the oldest folktales considering the Orang Asli community was the earliest inhabitants in this country.

3. Bah Luj is highly respected and remembered among his community for centuries due to his will to overcome his weaknesses to protect his people with the help of his supernatural given powers and with a guniq (spirit guide) with him.

4. It is a routine for the Semai people to share Bah Luj's adventures as bedtime stories for their children as the stories consist a lot of moral values and correlate with their beliefs as a community.

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PressReader.com - Digital Newspaper & Magazine Subscriptions

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Digital newsstand featuring 7000+ of the world’s most popular newspapers & magazines. Enjoy unlimited reading on up to 5 devices with 7-day free trial.

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A retold version of Bah Luj and Seven Bataks tale by replacing the hero with a female lead to allow people to see things from different perspectives, mainly to correlate the folktales with real-life situations.

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Image:
https://www.pressreader.com/malaysia/the-star-malaysia-star2/20180731/281543701729531

Journal Article:
Ching, C., Luen, L. C., Sulong, M., & Nasrifan, M. (2014). Recontextualizing Indigenous Semai Original Folktales of Bah Lud for Malaysian Children. Proceedings of the 2nd Music and Performing Arts (MusPA) Research Colloquium, 22–25.

News Article:
Ching, C. S. (2018). Meet Orang Asli Hero Bah Luj. The Star Malaysia. Retrieved 2022, from https://www.pressreader.com/.

Other Sources:
Project, J. (n.d.). Semai, Central Sakai in Malaysia. Joshua Project: People Groups of the World. Retrieved April 26, 2022, from https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/14837/MY

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Dominant spoken language(s):
Iban and Malay language

Dialects:
Sarawak Malay

Language Family:
Austronesian

Native speakers:
2 300 000

Origins:
According to the legends and myths, the Ibans or Sea Dayaks originally came from Kapuas River, Borneo and migrated to Sarawak due to tribal indifference. Asides from their settlement in Sarawak, the Iban population were also found in Brunei and West Kalimantan, Indonesia The Ibans are well known for their skills in headhunting back in those days and were feared all over the Borneo island. However, they have developed into becoming a tribe that is very generous and hospitable. The Ibans are also recognised as the largest people group in Sarawak.

Religions:
Christian, Animism and Islam

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BOOK:  Life From Headwaters to the Coast- GUNUNG SANTUBONG, Where Nature Meets Culture

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BOOK:  Life From Headwaters to the Coast- GUNUNG SANTUBONG, Where Nature Meets Culture

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Key points from the book:

1. The Santubong Peninsula is known for its feature that dominates the north-western coast of Sarawak and as much as it is important to the local communities, it is also a famous retreat amongst tourists and expatriates since James Brooke’s arrival in Sarawak.

2. Among many mythologies and the folktales version of Santubong, the most well known is the tale of two sisters, Puteri Santubong and Puteri Sejinjang.

3. This is the tale of sibling rivalry between two sisters that was sent from the Kayangan. The story started off when both of these princesses fell in love with the same prince who was said to be from the neighbouring Gunung Serapi.

4. The jealousy turned into rage when Puteri Sejinjang found out that Puteri Santubong was pregnant and they got into a violent fight. Puteri Sejinjang used her pounding pestle while Puteri Santubong used her weaving loom to fight with each others.

5. The legends believe that Puteri Santubong’s body parts were formed into a group of islands that is located between Tanjung Datu and the Santubong Peninsula.

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515- Azlan et al. (Santubong book) (24pgs)

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Key points from the news article:

1. Both of these princesses were gifted with beautiful appearance and skills.

2. Puteri Santubong was well known amongst the locals as a skilled weaver whereas Puteri Sejinjang, was skilled at pounding paddy.

3. Out of anger, they ended up fighting over a prince, which raises the King Of Heaven's anger and he cursed the two sisters to remain on earth as mountains.

4. Now, Gunung Santubong has turned into a gazetted national park that has become one of the attractions in Sarawak as it offers a breathtaking experience that allows tourists to experience the natural and historical value.

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An interview with locals in Kampung Santubong on their beliefs and the storyline of the two princesses.

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Image:
http://smudgepotato.blogspot.com/2017/10/kisah-puteri-santubong-dan-puteri.html

Book:
Mohd-Azlan, J., Tuen, A. A., Tisen, O. B., & Das, I. (2019). Of Sultans and Datu: Weaving Santubong's History and Myth to Life. In Life from headwaters to the coast: Gunung Santubong: Where nature meets culture (pp. 3–9). essay, UNIMAS Publisher, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.

News Article:
Margaret, M. (2013, October 19). Santubong over time. Borneo Post Online. Retrieved April 27, 2022, from https://www.theborneopost.com/2013/10/20/santubong-over-time/

Other Sources:
Project, J. (n.d.). Sea Dayak, Iban in Malaysia. Joshua Project: People Groups of the World. Retrieved April 27, 2022, from https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/12167/MY

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Dominant spoken language(s):
Jakun and Malay language

Dialects:
None

Language Family:
Austronesian

Native speakers:
32 000

Origin:
Jakun people or Orang Ulu is the second-largest Orang Asli sub-group in Malaysia. Jakuns tribe are mostly located in the interior parts of Pahang and northern Johor, near the jungles. It is believed that the Jakuns tribe arrived in the Malay Peninsula from the province of Yunnan and their tribe is often mixed with the Malay people around 2000 years ago. Back then and now, the Jakuns are very protective when it comes to conserving the jungles as they perceived them as their heritage and blood.

Religions:
Traditional religion, Christian, Islam and Chinese folk religion.

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Key points from the news article:

1. Located in Pekan district, Pahang, Tasik Chini became the first site in the country to receive one of the prestigious recognition from UNESCO.

2. Asides from being known as a lake or habitat with many unique yet diverse flora and fauna, Tasik Chini is also known as  Malaysian's 'lake of myth and legend".

3. Up till today, there are about 800 people of the Orang Asli community from the Jakun tribe who still live on the lake's shore and depend on the lake for water supply and their livelihood.

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Tasik Chini a dead lake? | New Straits Times

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MALAYSIA’S Tasik Chini is a poster-worthy example of the need to balance the pursuit of socio-economic development with environmental care and conservation.

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Key points from the book:

First Version:

1. The Jakun tribe are believed to have lived in the Peninsula and most of them have resided on the Chini lakeshore which relates them to the tale of Naga Seri Gumum.

2. The tale started off when a group of the Jakun tribe came to occupy the land (tasik chini). While they were busy clearing the forest and making holes in the ground to start planting crops for their living, an old lady with a walking stick suddenly appears.

3. The old lady reprimanded them to seek permission from the spirits (of the land). As soon as the Jakun tribe apologized, she planted her walking stick in the middle of a field and warned the Jakun to never remove the stick.

4. However, there was a boy who accidentally dislodged the stick and a fountain of water poured from the hole and blood was gushing out across the ground. The water flowed for years, creating the Chini Lake and then is when the Jakun tribe realized that the log was actually a dragon, the Seri Gumum.

5. The people of the Jakun tribe are convinced that throughout the years, the dragon has been protecting them and the lake. Therefore, Naga Seri Gumum is a well-respected spirit for the tribe that occupied Lake Chini.

Second Version:

1. In another version of this tale, it was believed by almost all Jakun that the tale of Naga Seri Gumum originated from its love tale with Naga Sri Kemboja.

2. Initially, Seri Gumum was a princess that fells in love with a foreign prince from afar and agreed to leave the Forbidden Garden. At that very moment, both of them transformed into dragons and the Forbidden Garden sunk, hidden and believed to be at the bottom of Chini Lake.

3. Unfortunately, they were separated as Naga Sri Kemboja is stronger and swam all the way to China, leaving Naga Seri Gumum behind. Naga Seri Gumum was heartbroken till she slowly turned into an island called Tioman.

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NAGA spans three realms from the ancient world Middle Kingdom during the Tang Dynasty, Nagara and Bhumi Semenanjung Melayu. It is the story of three adventurers, Sri Gemom, Srikandi and Kemboja and how fate set their worlds on a collision course that shook the very foundations of an ancient civilisation.

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A video that highlights the wonder of Tasik Chini's and also its mysterious tale, the origin of the Naga Seri Gumum.

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Image:
https://aminoapps.com/c/mythfolklore/page/item/myth-of-chini-lake-dragon/zzXa_n8iwIBDKJkkLjnkq7GVEEdm3lanv4

Book:
Aziz, N. (2012). Tasik Chini The Legend. In NAGa: A Legend Of Tasik Chini (pp. 223–224). essay, Xlibris Corporation.

Aziz, N. (2012, July 10). N A G A: A legend of tasik chini by Ninotaziz. Goodreads. Retrieved April 29, 2022, from https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/49585572-n-a-g-a

News Article:
Hamid, Z. (2018). Tasik Chini a dead lake? New Straits Time. Retrieved April 28, 2022, from https://www.nst.com.my/opinion/columnists/2018/05/371520/tasik-chini-dead-lake

Other Sources:
Project, J. (n.d.). Jakun, Djakun in Malaysia. Joshua Project: People Groups of the World. Retrieved April 29, 2022, from https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/12313/MY

Tan, P. (2020, July 13). The legend of Lake Chini in Pahang. ExpatGo. Retrieved April 29, 2022, from https://www.expatgo.com/my/2014/01/10/the-legend-of-lake-chini-in-pahang/

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ARISHA IMAN BINTI ISKANDARRUL FITHRY (2022748619)

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ARISHA IMAN BINTI ISKANDARRUL FITHRY (2022748619)

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EIC404 E-PORTFOLIO INTRODUCTION:

Greetings and Hi! My name is Arisha and this is my take on this e-portfolio's coursework-

Growing up in Malaysia, I have been exposed to multi-racial communities and little did I know that Malaysia is so much more diverse than I could ever imagine. By completing this e-portfolio, I am able to discover and could understand the other races, tribes and cultural communities which are - Dusun, Melanau, Semai, Iban and Jakun. The main reason why I decided to write on the legends and folktales in Malaysia is simply that it is fun to discover, especially when I get to explore that there are a variety of folktales from each cultural community in my own country. Another reason is obviously there's a part of me that still treasures those folktales that used to be my kind of bedtime stories.