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Emperor Hirohito was named head of Japan during WWII, but the real governmental power of Japan was given to the military. The true leader of Japan was Hideki Tojo, general of the Imperial Japanese Army and named prime minister of Japan. The radical shift in power from the Emperor to the military was thanks to the rising democratic movement and the rising occurrence of attempted assassinations. Though the People worshiped the Emperor, he was submissive towards the military generals as payment for saving his life countless times and let them take the reins. With giving up his power, his say in foreign affairs also went with it because the general of the Imperial Japanese Army, Hideki Tojo, proceeded to invade Korea, Manchuria, and some of China. When the Emperor stepped back and let General Tojo have all the power, Japan signed the Tripartite Pact with Italy and Germany in 1940. The Tripartite Pact was with a post-fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, leading Japan to ally with Nazi Germany during WWII.

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Japan invaded China, Korea, and a now-disassembled Asian country named Manchuria throughout World War II. The overrun got censored so that past ideologies and revolutionary thoughts weren't an issue. Japanese censorship date back to the Edo period from 1600 to 1868. The levels of censorship were always alternating but had the same motives throughout the timeline. Japan wanted to censor both press and publications from releasing politically or morally insurgent content. If the content advocated for communism or militarism, the people might feel pressured to choose a political standing and resist change. Communism was definitely on the ban list of Japan because the government was limited monarchical and primarily military-controlled. China was very fragile from 1927 to 1951 because of the clashing political beliefs of China's Communist Party and Nationalist parties. Since China was undergoing political war, Japan decided it was prime time to imperialize and burn books and censored media related to the current situation and politics. Although they destroyed as much as possible, Japan lost the Chinese territory during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

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The intended outcome of burning the books of Chinese libraries and censoring media was to strike fear into Chinese citizens and take China by force. If there's no history or literature to turn back to when they've already conquered the land, it would be a lot easier to manipulate them into becoming loyal servants. The same mentalities go for the societies described in various dystopias such as Divergent, The Hunger Games, and Fahrenheit 451. Unfortunately for Japan, the people were so invested in their civil war that it only charged for more frustration and directed that anger towards Japan. Japan didn't discriminate against the political parties of China, meaning that Nationalist and Communist pieces of literature and forms of media were all destroyed in the fires and censored. Japan wanted power over the Chinese people and their land but failed to obtain both of those things due to their small-mindedness.

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Atomic Heritage Foundation, and National Museum of Nuclear Science & History. “Emperor Hirohito.” Atomic Heritage Foundation, 2019, www.atomicheritage.org/profile/emperor-hirohito. Accessed 17 Mar. 2022.

“Chinese Civil War | Summary, Causes, & Results | Britannica.” Encyclopædia Britannica, 2022, www.britannica.com/event/Chinese-Civil-War. Accessed 22 Mar. 2022.

History.com Editors. “Hirohito.” HISTORY, HISTORY, 9 Nov. 2009, www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/hirohito-1. Accessed 17 Mar. 2022.

---. “The Tripartite Pact Is Signed by Germany, Italy and Japan.” HISTORY, HISTORY, 5 Nov. 2009, www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-tripartite-pact-is-signed-by-germany-italy-and-japan. Accessed 17 Mar. 2022.

Hoh, Anchi. “Japanese Censorship Collection at the Library of Congress | 4 Corners of the World: International Collections and Studies at the Library of Congress.” Loc.gov, 16 Apr. 2018, blogs.loc.gov/international-collections/2018/04/japanese-censorship-collection-at-the-library-of-congress/. Accessed 21 Mar. 2022.

Kilian, Fitzgerald. “Censorship and Oppression in Wartime Japan.” Pacific Atrocities Education, 15 Nov. 2022, www.pacificatrocities.org/blog/censorship-and-oppression-in-wartime-japan. Accessed 22 Mar. 2022.

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Wingfield-Hayes, Rupert. “Witnessing Japan’s Surrender in China.” BBC News, BBC News, 2 Sept. 2015, www.bbc.com/news/magazine-34126445. Accessed 22 Mar. 2022.