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SUMMARY OF HYDROGEN: NOOR KHAIRIYAH BINTI HASNUL HADI (A21HP0115)

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SUMMARY OF HYDROGEN: NOOR KHAIRIYAH BINTI HASNUL HADI (A21HP0115)

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In this chapter, I learned about the preparations, properties and other important things that are related to hydrogen.

Hydrogen is the lightest element in the periodic table as it has only 1 proton and 1 electron. Hydrogen exists in three isotopes which are protium, deuterium and tritium.

Hydrogen can be prepared in lab/industrial.

In Lab:

·         Reaction between metal and diluted acid

·         Electrolysis of water.

In Industrial:

·         Steam Reforming Process

Hydrogen is commonly used in

·         Production of Ammonia, NH3 through (Haber process)

·         Production of Methanol

·         Production of margarine

·         Production of metal

Hydrogen (H) is capable to lose, gain or share a pair of electrons with another atom to form covalent bond when it is chemically reacted.

These are the reactions of Hydrogen.

·         Combustion

·         Redox reaction (Reducing agent)

·         Forming hydrogen ion

·         Forming hydride

·         Homolytic dissociation

·         Heterolytic dissociation

·         Radical Chain Reaction

Hydrogen has its special properties due to its small size.

It can form an attractive force called “Hydrogen bond” when it is coupled with atom that is highly electronegative (F,O,N) .

Elements that contain hydrogen bonding will have a higher molecular weight, lower density when it is in a solid state like ice and water (H2O) as well as their higher solubility in water (ionic/polar molecules).

Hydrogen-Hydrides

·         Ionic Hydrides/Saline Hydride

·         Covalent Hydride

·         Nonstoichiometric Hydride

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By Nurul Fasihah binti Arshad (A21HP0171)

what is hydrogen?

Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1, and an atomic mass of 1.00794 amu, the lightest of all known elements. It exists as a diatomic gas (H2). It is also highly flammable gas (H2) and the most common component of the universe. It is the lightest element ever and is colorless, odorless, and tasteless. It's also in most organic compounds.

Preparation of hydrogen

I) By Laboratory
Reaction of Zn, Fe, Cu with diluted acids (HCl)
Summary Reaction: Hydrogen collected by replacement of H2O
II) By Industrial Process
Steam Reforming Process (using hydrocarbon or coal)
Summary Process: involves 4 different reaction

Major use of Hydrogen
1. Production of plastics
2. Production of methanol
3. Production of metals

Special Properties of hydrogen

1. Tends form covalent bond with other element except the highly electropositive metals
2. Form interstitial hydrides with lanthanide and actinide
3. Form hydrogen bonding

Classifications compound of hydrogen

1. Ionic hydride (saline hydride)
- H bonded to highly electropositive elements
- Hydride to earth metal
- Hydride to alkaline earth metal

2. Covalent Hydride
- H with p-block element on the right hand side of periodic table
- Water
important reaction : self ionization
amphoteric in nature
salt hydrolysis
- Ice
forming hexagonal structures
density of solid<liquid due to its crystillization
- Hydroxonium
proved hydrogen present as H+
reaction of H3O+ : acid + base
change litmus paper [blue to yellow(thimol blue) or      red(methyl orange) ]

3. Interstitial Hydride
- hydrogen occupies interstitial sites in the metals latticd without changing the type of lattice.

Question.
Iam sorry Dr. But i still get blur on the explaination on interstitial hydride. As the explaination in slides quite long to understand.

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Properties of Hydrogen

-        Colourless, oddorless gas, does not dissolve in water.

-        Lightest element

-        Diatomic gas, dihydrogen

-        3rd Most abundet element found in (H2O) (element in animal and plant) (element in stars, sun)

-        Produced hydrocarbon or water

Position hydrogen

1)     Hydrogen can be placed in group 1 (IA) because

-        Valence electron is 1 (1s1)

-        Electropositive character (H+)

-        Oxidation state : +1

2)     Hydrogen also can be placed in group (ViIIA) because

-         Nearest noble gas configuration

-        Non metallic element (same as noble gas)

-        Diatomic molecules (F2, Cl2, Br2,)

-        Form similar type of compound (CCl4&CH4. SICL4&SIH)

-        Oxidation state : -1 (Na+,H-)=NaH

Preparing Hydrogen :

1)     Metal (Zn,Fe,Cu) + diluted acids(aq) will form Hydrogen

2)     Electrolysis of H2O hydrogen is obtained in cathod

3)     In industry (4 steps) obtain hydrogen by “STEAM REFORMING PROCESS” using hydrocarbon will form syn gas or water gas (co +H2)

-        Advantage ; cheap, affordable

-        Drawback; CO, CO2 and effecting greenhouse

Hydrogen uses in industry :

1)     Production of Ammonia by Haber Process, forming fertilizers,plastics

2)     Production of Methanol (liquid) by steam reforming ,

3)     Production of Margarine, by Hydrogenation of unsaturated oil

4)     Production of Metal by reduction (oxidation number decreases)

5)     Fuel

Special properties of Hydrogen possibility

-        Can lose electron become H+

-        Can gain electron become H-

-        Can share electron with others and form covalent bond

Reaction of Hydrogen

-        Combustion : Release high energy & heat (used in welding, fuel and bomb (explosive)

-        Uses as reducing agent : Reduce oxide from weal electropositive metals such as Pb, Ni, Co, Mn

-        React with electronegative elements : Cl2 , F2.

-        React with electronegative elements ; Na, Li forming hydride

-        React as homolytic dissociation

Hydrogen is the smalles in sizing it can;

- Form shorter and stronger covalent bond.
#shorter bond
#higher bond energy
#stronger bond

- form intersititial hydrides with lanthanide and actinide.

- form bridging hydrogen bonding
Polar molecules can soluble in water because they can form hydrogen bond with water molecules

Hydrogen bonding is a special type of dipole-dipole attraction between molecules, not a covalent bond to a hydrogen atom. It results from the attractive force between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom such as a N, O, or F atom and another very electronegative atom.

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Muhammad Sabri Bin Zahari (A21HP0098)

In this topic, the properties of hydrogen are colourless gas, not dissolve in water and lightest element.
Hydrogen can resemblance with alkali metal(group iA) due to electronic configuration, electropositive and oxidative state. Hydrogen also can resemblance with halogen (group viiA) due to electronic configuration, non-metallic and atomicity

Preparation of hydrogen are in laboratory and in industry. For laboratory, reactions of metal with diluted acid and electrolysis of water. For industry, by steam reforming process using hydrocarbon and coal.

Major uses of hydrogen are production of NH2, methanol production and fuel. hydrogen can lose electron (H+), gain electron (H-) and share a pair of electron with other atom(covalent bond).

Some of reactions of hydrogen are combustion, reducing agent and react with other more electropositive elements.

Elements F,O And N have higher boiling point deu to the hydrogen bond. There are 3 types of compounds of hydrogen
1.ionic hydride (H-) -saline hydride
2.covalent hydride (H+)
3.nonstoichiomestry hydride ( interstitial compound)

Thank you..

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SUMMARY OF HYDROGEN: NUR MIRZA AMELIN BT ZAMRI (A21HP0150)

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SUMMARY OF HYDROGEN: NUR MIRZA AMELIN BT ZAMRI (A21HP0150)

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In this topic, what I have learned are:

1) Characteristics Hydrogen:
- colorless, odorless, not dissolve in water.
- located in Group IA in periodic table.

2) Resemblance with alkali metal:
- Electronic configuration: has 1e- in outermost shell.
- electropositive character
- oxidation state: +1

3) Resemblance with Halogens
- Electronic configuration: less 1e- to achieve stable electronic configuration.
- non-metallic
- diatomic molecules
- oxidation state: -1

4) Hydrogen preparation:
(a) Laboratory:
- reaction of metal (Zn, Fe, Cu) with diluted acid
- Electrolysis of water (Hydrogen collected at cathode)

(b) Industry:
- Steam reforming process: use hydrocarbon/ coal

5) Hydrogen uses:
- Haber process: NH3 produced
- methanol production
- margarine production
- production of metal
- as fuel

6) Special properties of Hydrogen:
- form covalent bond with other elements except for very electropositive metal
- bond length shorter, covalent bond stronger.
- form H-bond with F, O, N

7) Types of Hydrides:
(a) Ionic Hydrides (H-)/ Saline Halide:
- compound H bonded to highly electropositive elements.
(b) Covalent Hydride (H+):
- compound H bonded to non-metal
(c) nonstoichiometric Hydride:
- Compound H bonded with transition metal
-metallic

That's all my summary, Thank you Dr. Sheela :)

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SUMMARY FOR HYDROGEN: LAI LI YIE (A21HP0049)

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SUMMARY FOR HYDROGEN: LAI LI YIE (A21HP0049)

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From this topic, I have learned that :

1) Position of Hydrogen in periodic table
#Hydrogen shld be placed in GROUP IA because:
-its valance electron is 1
-it can lose electron to form cation (Electro+ve character)
-its oxidation state is +1

#Hydrogen shld be placed in GROUP VII A because:
-It can accept 1 electron to become duplet configuration
-It is non metal
-It can form diatomic molecules
-Its oxidation  number is -1

2) There are 2 preparation of hydrogen (LAB)
-Metal+ Dilute acid
-Electrolysis
*Cathode =reduction occur (More positive reduction potential more easier undergoes reduction)
*Anode=Oxidation occur(More negative reduction potential more difficulties undergoes reduction)

3)There are 3 preparation of hydrogen (INDUSTRIAL)
-Steam reforming
-Water gas shift
-Redox reaction of potassium bicarbonate

4)Hydrogen can be used for:
-produce NH3
-produce methanol
-produce margarine
-produce metal by reduce metal oxide to metal

5)Reaction of hydrogen:
-combustion
-Act as reducing agent (oxidation occurs on itself, but it can make other element undergoes reduction)
-Forming hydrogen ion
-Forming Hydride
-Atomisation of hydrogen
-Heterolytic dissociation
-Radical chain reaction

6)Hydrogen form covalent bond with other element (Except from react with very high electropositive element) .This is due to:
-its short bond length
-High bond energy

7)Only element that contain FON form hydrogen bonding

8)Hydrogen bond makes the element has:
-High molecular weight
-Less density in solid
-soluble in water

9)3 Classification of hydrogen:
-Ionic Hydride H-
(Hydirde of Li, Be and Mg have more covalent character bcs of small ionic size and high charge density)
-Covalent Hydride H+
-Nonstoichiometric hydrides

10)Reaction of ionic hydrides:
-React with water and air
-Act as powerful reducing agent

That's all  from me,Thank You :D

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SUMMARY OF HYDROGEN: IMAN ADLINA BT SAMSUDIN (A21HP0038)

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SUMMARY OF HYDROGEN: IMAN ADLINA BT SAMSUDIN (A21HP0038)

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In this topic, I have learned…

***CHARACTER: lightest &  least dense gasses, (H2+O2=explosion), produced from CH/H2O, very low mp&bp, oxidation state (±1)

***

Resemblance with group IA :

1)Electronic configuration - ……………ns¹

2)Electropositive character & oxidation state – (+1)

Resemblance with group VIIA

1)Electronic configuration – 1s¹/ …….ns²np⁵

2)Non-metallic character

3)Atomicity – Diatomic (~Cl2, Br2, etc.)

4)Formation similar type of compound

- Halides: CCl₄, SiCl₄, GeCl₄

- Hydrides: CH₄, SiH₄, GeH₄

5)Oxidation state – (-1)

***PREPARATION

1)In lab

i)    Metal (Zn, Fe, Cu) + diluted (aq) acid

ii)   Electrolysis of H₂0 (H⁺ needed, H₂ produced at CATHODE)

2)In industry – steam reforming process

***USES: production of `ammonia (Haber), methanol (steam reforming), margarine, metals`, fuel

***SPECIAL PROPERTIES: lose, gain & share electron (+1, -1, covalent)

----Reaction of Hydrogen

1)Combustion: (H₂ + O₂ = H₂O) & release energy (-ve KJ)

2)Reducing agent: go through oxidation, reduce O.N (ex: +4 to +2)

3)H + more electronegative element: (H2 + Cl₂/F₂ = HCl/HF)

4)H + more electropositive element: from H₂(0) into H (-1)

5)Homolytic dissociation: H2 to 2H

6)Heterolytic dissociation

7)Radical chain rxn

----Due to small size : form shorter and strong covalent bond (except very electro +ve metal), form interstitial hydride with transition metal ( nombor bukan integer), form H2 bond

***HYDRIDES

1)Ionic/Saline hydride: ( H bonded to group IA/IIA)

2)Covalent Hydride:

i)H + non-metal (14/15/16/17) = (neutral/basic/acidic/strongly acidic) (XH₄, XH₃, XH₂, XH)

ii)Hydridic, complex compound (ionic + covalent bond)

3)Nonstoichiometric hydrides (interstitial compounds) : H + transition element

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SUMMARY OF HYDROGEN BY IRENE MICHELLE ANAK DONY (A21HP0040)

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SUMMARY OF HYDROGEN BY IRENE MICHELLE ANAK DONY (A21HP0040)

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From this topic I've learned something that I never know before ,especially about the position of hydrogen which is hydrogen is anomalous in periodic table.

//Preparation of hydrogen
In laboratory
i) Reaction of metal (Zn, Fe, Cu) with diluted acids.
ii) Electrolysis of H2O
In industry
i) Steam Reforming Process using hydrocarbon or coal.
- 3 molecules of hydrogen will obtained from steam reforming(step 1) and 1 molecule from water gas shift(step2).
- Advantages of using this method : Cheap
- Drawback of using this method : Produce CO, CO2 and greenhouse gases.

// Major Uses of Hydrogen
i) Haber Process
ii) Methanol Production
iii) Production of Margarine
iv) Production of Metals
v) As fuel.

// Special Properties of Hydrogen
i) Due to the small size, hydrogen can forms covalent bond with other element except of with the electropositive metals.
ii) Form hydrogen bonding with 3 elements that have highly electronegative atoms (F, o, N)

//Effect of Hydrogen bond
i) Unexpectedly high molecular weight
- Ex : Carboxylic acids are dimeric due to the hydrogen bonding.
ii) Density of solid is less than in liquid (ex: ice floats in water due its open crystal structure)

// Hydrides
i) Ionic hydride - compound of H bonded to highly electropositive elements (usually group IA)
ii) Covalent hydride - Hydrogen bonded with non metal elements mostly on the right hand side of the periodic table
iii) Nonstoichiometric hydrides - Intersitial compounds

That's all from me, I still need to rewatch the video to improve my understanding. Thank you Dr.

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SUMMARY FOR HYDROGEN :                          NORSYAFIQA BINTI MADLAN (A21HP0120)

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SUMMARY FOR HYDROGEN :                          NORSYAFIQA BINTI MADLAN (A21HP0120)

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What I just learn in this topic:

Hydrogen is the most abundant element on earth. Hydrogen means forming water and was discovered by A. Lavoisier. Among the uses of hydrogen are to make ammonia (agricultural feltilizer), cyclohexane methanol (for plastics and pharmaceuticals), and more. Hydrogen has 3 isotopes namely protium, deuterium and tritium. The properties of hydrogen are colorless, odorless, odorless, do not dissolve in water. The electron configuration for hydrogen is 1s1 (there is only 1 electron). Hydrogen is the lightest element and in the periodic table is located in the first group. Hydrogen can also be placed with halogens due to 5 reasons namely electronic configuration, non-metallic character, atomicity: diatomic molecules, formation of similar types of compounds and oxidation state +1. Hydrogen can be produced through 2 ways namely laboratory reaction of metal (zn , Fe, Cu) with diluted acids and electrolysis of water) and industry (by 'steam reforming process' using hydrocarbon or coal). Moreover, when hydrogen undergoes the chemical reaction, the atomic can lose electrons, accept electrons and can even form covalent bonds. Hydrogen also has special properties that hydrogen can form hydrogen bonds except with elements that have very electropositive metals, shorter and strong covalent bonds all this is due to the small size. An attractive force called a hydrogen bond will be produced if it is matched with a highly electronegative atom that is F, O, N. Hydrogen can also be classified into 3 parts, namely ionic hydride-saline hydride, covalent hydride and nonstoichiometric hydrides. So far from just from me Dr, because I still have to re -watch Dr’s video on some subtopics to better understand. Thank you Dr

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SUMMARY HYDROGEN | NUR ANIS SYAFIQA BINTI ABDUL RASHID (A21HP0132)

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SUMMARY HYDROGEN | NUR ANIS SYAFIQA BINTI ABDUL RASHID (A21HP0132)

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Uzair Latif Hadi Bin Abdul Rahman (A21HP0207)

Daripada topik ini, saya mempelajari banyak perkara tentang hydrogen. Hydrogen terletak di Group IA di periodic table kerana mempunyai satu valence electron.

Cara penyediaan hydrogen:
- reaction with metal (Zn, Fe, Cu)
- electrolysis of water
- Steam reforming process

Special Properties
1) Hydrogen boleh membentuk covalent bond dengan other element.
2) a. boleh membentuk strong hydrogen bond when hydrogen dengan F, O, N.
b. ionic or polar molecules dissolve in water.
c. melting and boiling point are very high, more energy required to break the hydrogen bond between molecules.

Hydrides
1) Ionic hydrides - hydrogen bonded to highly electropositive element
2) Covalent hydrides - hydrogen bonded to non metal element
3) nonstoichiometric hydrides - hydrogen bonded to transition metal

Right now, ini saja dari saya. Saya akan rewatch balik dan akan memahamkan lagi topic ini... Thank you dr...

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Summary for Hydrogen- NUR SYIDAH BINTI SALIM( A21HP0156)

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Summary for Hydrogen- NUR SYIDAH BINTI SALIM( A21HP0156)

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From this week lesson, I have learned that:

1) Hydrogen is a colourless gases, does not smell, tasteless and does not dissolve in water.

2) Hydrogen is resemblance with Group IA by

I. Electronic configuration.

II. Electropositive character

III. Oxidaton state: +1

3) Hydrogen also resemblance with Group VIIA BY

I. Electronic configuration

II. Atomicity

III. Non-metallic character

IV. Formation of similar types of compounds

V. Oxidation state:-1

4) Hydrogen can be prepared by laboratory method which hydrogen is collected with the reaction between metal an diluted acid(replacement of water). For industrial method, the process is ‘ Steam Reforming Process’ using hydrocarbon or coal.

5) Hydrogen has 3 types of compounds.

I. Ionic Hydride/ saline hydride: H bonded to highly electropositive metals (alkali metal and alkali earth metal) except Li. Be and Mg due to samll size and high charge density of ions.

II. Covalent hydride: H bonded with non-metallic element. Solid water= ice; density gradually decrease ( hexagonal structure with open space. Less dense than liquid of water.

III. Interstitial Hydride(metallic): H bonded with transition metal. Due to smaller size of Hydrogen, it can be located in regular interstices between the metal (Hydrogen storage).

6) Industrial product of Hydrogen:

I. Production of NH3 (Haber process

II. Production of methanol

III. Production of margerine

IV. Production of metal by reduction process

7) During chemical reaction. Hydrogen can lose electron, gain electron and share a pair of electron(covalent bod)

8) 7  Reaction of Hydrogen:

I. Combustion

II. Reducing agent: reduce oxide of weak electropositive metals

III. React with more electronegative element

IV. React with more electroposistive elements- forming hydride

V. Homolytic dissociation

VI. Heterolytic dissociation

VII. Radical chain reaction

For this topic, I’ve watched the lecture video three times before I written this summary since I have to understand all of this topic and probably trying to remember all the reaction and equations involved.

Thank you Dr. Sheela for the helpful explanation during lecturer and materials provided on e-learning.

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SUMMARY OF HYDROGEN - YASMIN AZMAN (A21HP0214)

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SUMMARY OF HYDROGEN - YASMIN AZMAN (A21HP0214)

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Question and summary for Hydrogen (TAN SOK JING A21HP0225)

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Question and summary for Hydrogen (TAN SOK JING A21HP0225)

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Dr, for the reaction of metal with diluted acid in the preparation of hydrogen, is that all the metal can involve?  Or just the less reactive metal ? Or just metal above the Hydrogen in reactivity series can displace the Hydrogen? If yes, what about the copper which is less reactive than Hydrogen according to reactivity series?

Summary:

1. Characteristics of Hydrogen:
-colourless, odourless, tasteless, slightly soluble in water
-AMU: 1.0079

2. Position of Hydrogen

A) Resemblance with Group IA (3 reasons)
- electronic configuration （ have one electron in the outermost shell)
- electropositive character ( prefer to donate electron to achieve stable electronic configuration)
- oxidation number (+1，donate one electron)

B) Resemblance with Group IIIA (5 reasons)
- electronic configuration ( Hydrogen and element Group IIIA still need one electron to achieve stable electron configuration)
-Non-metallic character
-Diatomic molecule
- Formation of similar types of compounds
- Oxidation state (-1) which  accepted one electron when form compound with more electropositive  element

3 Types of Hydrides :
A) Ionic Hydride (Saline Hydride)[H-]
-Hydrogen + Element in block S ( Group IA &IIA)
-Known as Saline Hydride as it’s the compound behave like salts
- Conduct electricity in molten  or aqueous state

B) Covalent Hydride ( Molecular Hydrides)
- Hydrogen + element in  Group IIIA-VIIIA

C)Interstitial Hydride (Metallic Hydrides / Nonstoichiometric Compound)
Hydrogen + Transition metal
Group 3-5  forms hydride readily
Group 6 only Chromium (Cr) forms hydride
Group 7-9 do not form hydride

Thank you dr.

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SUMMARY FOR HYDROGEN-Ong Shi Ting A21HP0181

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SUMMARY FOR HYDROGEN-Ong Shi Ting A21HP0181

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From this topic, I had learned that
1. Position of Hydrogen in the Periodic table: Located in Group IA, Anomalous in Periodic table
a) Resemblance with Alkali metals

-  Electronic configuration, Electropositive character (H+), Oxidation state (+1)

b) Resemblance with Halogens

- Electronic configuration, Non-metallic character, Diatomic molecules, Formation of similar types of compounds, Oxidation state (-1)

2. Preparation of H₂

a) In laboratory:

- Reaction of metal (Zn, Fe, Cu) with diluted acid

- Electrolysis of water: H2 is collected at cathode

b) In industry: Steam Reforming Process using hydrocarbon or coal

- IMPROTANT STEPS: Steam Reforming & Water Gas Shift
- Cheap but produce CO, CO₂ & Greenhouse gases

3. Uses of H₂

a) Haber Process (produce NH₃)

b) Methanol Production

c) Production of margarine

d) Production of metals (reduction)

e) As fuel

4. Special Properties of H₂

a) Due to small size, H₂ form covalent bond with other element except very electropositive metals (the shorter the bond length, the stronger the covalent bond)

b) Form hydrogen bonding with F, O, N

- NH₃, HF, H₂O has higher melting/boiling point because more energy/heat is needed to break down the hydrogen bonds

5. Effect of Hydrogen Bond

a) Unexpectedly high molecular weights

- Carboxylic acids are dimeric due to hydrogen bond

b) Density of the solid is less than the liquid

- Ice float in water due to its open crystal structure

c) Solubility

- Ionic or polar molecules dissolve in water because they can form hydrogen bond with water molecule

- Non polar molecule insoluble in water

6. Compound of Hydrogen – HYDRIDES

a) Ionic Hydride (H-)/ Saline halide: Compound of H bonded to highly electropositive elements

b) Covalent Hydride (H•, or H+): Molecule (e.g. H₂O), Compounds of H with non-metal element

c) Nonstoichiometric hydrides (interstitial compounds): Metallic, Compound of H with transition metals

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HYDROGEN ( DARSHINY MURALITHARAN A21HP0025)

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HYDROGEN ( DARSHINY MURALITHARAN A21HP0025)

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From this topic I had learned that the meaning of hydrogen is forming water, where hydro means water while genes means form.

Hydrogen has resemblance of two groups which are Group IA and VIIA
1) Reasons Resemblance  with  alkali metal
-electronic configuration
-electropositive character
-oxidation state:+1
2)Reasons Resemblance with halogens
-electronic configuration (both contain one electron less than the nearest noble gas configuration
-non metallic character
-atomicity (diatomic molecules)
-formation of similar types of compounds
-oxidation state :-1

Preparation of Hydrogen
In laboratory
-reaction with metal ( Zn, Fe, Cu) with diluted acids
-electrolysis of water
-steam reforming process( in industry)

Uses of Hydrogen
-Production of  HN3( Haber process)
-methanol production
-production of margarine
(hydrogenation of unsaturated oil)
-production of metals
(act as a reducing agent)
-as fuel

Special properties of Hydrogen
1)hydrogen form covalent bond with other elements  (expect very electropositive metals)
2) shorter and stronger covalent bond
3)Form hydrogen bond when coupled to highly electronegative atom (F, O, N)

Hydrogen bond
-Since H20, HF and nh3 have hydrogen bonding their boiling point and melting point are higher even though they have less molecular weight.
-Ionic or polar molecules can dissolve in water because they can form hydrogen bonds with water meanwhile non polar molecules insoluble in water because cannot form hydrogen bonds with water

That's all from me Dr. Thank you:)

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MUHAMMAD AFIQ BIN KHAIRUL ANUAR (A21HP0072)

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MUHAMMAD AFIQ BIN KHAIRUL ANUAR (A21HP0072)

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Hydrogen can be arranged in two conditions, namely according to group 1 and according to group 17. If according to group 1, the justification is based on the arrangement of its electrons which is 1s1 which has one valence electron. As for group 17, the arrangement of electrons is close to noble gas. In addition, there are various ways for us to obtain hydrogen through electrolysis of water, the reaction between zinc and HCL and through industry. Furthermore, hydrogen has special properties that can produce covalent bonds with non-metallic elements. For preparation of hydrogen , it can react with metal (Fe,Cu,Zn). It will be with electrolysis of water and last one is stream-reforming process.
Special Properties :
a) hydrogen can form covalent bond with other element
b) can form strong hydrogen bond when hydrogen react with O,F,N
c) ionic or polar molecules dissolve in water

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NUR SUHAILA BINTI SHUKOR  (A21HP0151)

Apa yang dapat saya perolehi daripada topic hydrogen ini ialah hydrogen merupakan salah satu elemen yang penting tetapi jika tidak diuruskan dengan betul ia akan menyebabkan explosion apabila bergabung dengan oksigen. Penghasilan gas hydrogen ini boleh dilakukan melalui steam reforming process menggunakan hydrocarbon dan steam (h2o). gas hydrogen ini digunakan untuk  menghasilkan NH3 dalam proses haber, margarine, methanol, metals dan digunakan sebagai fuel. hydrogen boleh membentuk hydrogen ion (+1), hydride (-1) and covalent bond dengan berkongsi electron. Selain ciri ciri biasa yang hyrogen seperti tidak berwarna dan tidak berbau, hydrogen juga hanya boleh membentuk hydrogen bond dengan electronegative atom iaitu fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen dan molecule yang mempunyai hydrogen bond boleh dissolve in polar solvent. Selebihnya saya masih cuba untuk faham dan lihat semula recording dr .

Question:
1.untuk hybridization, tidak semestinya central atom sahaja yang boleh undergo hybridization kan dr ? atom yang bonded dengan central atom pun boleh undergo hybridization , cuma bergantung pada soalan mintak yang mana? thank you dr.

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Che Nurul Alya Fatnin binti Che Suhaimi
A21HP0024

From the previous chapter that I have been learned today, what I can conclude is hydrogen is the 3rd most abundant element in the surface of the earth. For the physical properties, hydrogen has colourless gas, does not smell and tasteless. It also does not dissolve in water (only 2%). In modern periodic table, hydrogen is located at first group (IA) due to have 1 valence electron and the lightest element. Hydrogen resemblance with alkali metals due to electronic configuration, electropositive character (H+) and also oxidation state (+1) meanwhile when resemblance with halogens is because of electronic configuration, non-metallic character, exists as diatomic molecules and oxidation state (-1). Next, hydrogen can be prepared in laboratory by reaction of metal, electrolysis of water and preparation in industry by stem reforming process. For the used, hydrogen purpose used for production of NH3, methanol production, production of margarine, production of metals and as fuel.   In this topic, I also learned about the special properties of hydrogen which hydrogen tend to form covalent bond with other element due to it small size that make it difficult to release electron. Then, hydrogen has shorter and stronger covalent bond, when bond increase, bond length decrease. It also can show intersititial hydrides with lanthanide and actinide, also can form bridging hydrogen bonding. Furthermore, hydrogen bonding can form when hydrogen coupled with a high electronegative atom which is F, O, N. Therefore, melting and boiling point will be very high and more energy/heat is required to break down the hydrogen bond between the molecules. Hydrogen bonding also causes ice to float in water due to its open crystal structure. It also caused unexpectedly high molecular weights. Lastly, compounds of hydrogen are classify as ionic hydride, covalent hydride and nonstoichiometric hydrides. That's all from me, thank you Dr. Sheela.

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AISYAH BINTI NAZERI
A21HP0012
Bagi tajuk ini, hydrogen merupakan elemet yang sangat penting dan banyak kegunaan kepada kita. hydrogen adalah element yang mempunyai 1 nombor atom dan ditempatkan di kumpulan 1A dalam jadual bekala unsur. tetapi scientist berbahas hydrogen mempunyai kesamaan dengan kumpulan halogen kerana memerlukan 1 atom untuk membentuk noble gas electronic configuration. seterusnya, hydrogen merupakan element gas, membentuk diatomic molecule dan mempunyai oxidation state -1. Terdapat 2 cara untuk menyediakan dalam makmal hydrogen, reaction of metal dan electrolysis of water. Untuk kegunaan industri mengunakan arang dan air (Steam Reforming Process) untuk menghasilkan hydrogen gas ini kerana arang merupakan bahan yang murah dan senang didapati. tetapi proses ini memberi kesan seperti rumah hijau dan pembuangan gas CO dan CO2. kegunaan H2 dalam indutri adalah production of NH4(haber process),methanol production(steam reforming),production of margarine(hydrogention of unsaturated oil, production of metal dan sebagai fuel. hydrogen bonding akan terhasil apabila react dengan F,O,N. oleh itu, boiling point H react dengan F,O,N akan tinggi kerana memerlukan tenaga yang banyak untuk memutuskan ikatan van der waals. itu sahaja daripada saya tq dr :)

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SUMMARY FOR HYDROGEN TOPIC [HAN SHIN NI A21HP0033]

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SUMMARY FOR HYDROGEN TOPIC [HAN SHIN NI A21HP0033]

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From this chapter, I had learned that the position of hydrogen is anolalous in peiodic table.

~Hydrogen resemblance with alkali metals due to electronic configuration, electropositive character (H+) and also oxidation state (+1).

~Hydrogen resemblance with halogens because of electronic configuration, non-metallic character, exists as diatomic molecules, formation of similar compounds and oxidation state (-1)

*oxidation state of hydrogen is -1 when it binds to a more eletropositive element*

Hydrogen can be prepared by:
1. reaction of metal (Zn, Fe, Cu)

2. Electrolysis of water (H2 is collected at cathode)

3. Stem reforming process (cheap but produced CO,CO2 and greenhouse gases)

Hydrogen is used for:

1. Production of NH3 (Haber process)

2. Methanol production

3. Production of margarine (from unsaturated→ saturated)

4. Production of metals (act as reducing agent, itself undergoes oxidation)

5. As fuel (release high energy during combustion)

Hydrogen has small size, so

1. Can form shorter and stronger covalent bond. *shorter bond length, higher bond energy, stronger bonding*

2. Can show intersititial hydrides with lanthanide and actinide.

3. Can form bridging hydrogen bonding.

Hydrogen bond

1. Form strong hydrogen bond with highly electronegative atom (F>O>N). Therefore, melting&boiling point of NH3, HF, H2O is very high.

2. Hydrogen bonding causes ice to have open crystal structure, which allow it to float in water.

3. Polar molecules can soluble in water because they can form hydrogen bond with water molecules.

4. Causes unexpectedly high molecular weights (for example: carbocylic acids are dimeric due to hydrogen bond).

Compounds of hydrogen

1. Ionic hydride (saline hydride)- when hydrogen bonded with highly electropositive elements, itself becomes H-.

2. Covalent hydride- when hydrogen bonded with non-metal element, itself becomes H●/H+.

3. Nonstoichiometric hydrides (intersitial compounds)- when bonded with transition metals, the bonding is considered metallic.

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SUMMARY FOR HYDROGEN                                MIZA FAIQAH BINTI SUHAIMI (A21HP0059) 

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SUMMARY FOR HYDROGEN                                MIZA FAIQAH BINTI SUHAIMI (A21HP0059) 

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Summary I get from this topic is hydrogen is the most abundant element. It is harmful to human due to it can easily explode if not handle it properly. Hydrogen also colorless gas, does not smell and tasteless. Hydrogen located in first group on periodic table due to have 1 valence electron. Hydrogen has similarities with alkali metal (group 1A) in terms of electronic configuration 1s1, electropositive character and oxidation state of +1. Halogen also have similarities with halogen which electronic configuration both have one electron less than the nearest noble gas configuration. For examples hydrogen have less one electron to near with helium and fluorine also have one less electron to near with neon which is noble gas configuration. Second, hydrogen has non-metallic character same as halogen. Third, hydrogen has atomicity same like halogen which is diatomic molecules, H2, F2, Cl2. Fourth, hydrogen and halogen form similar types of compounds. For examples with carbon, it can form similar type of compound with halogen such as CCl4, CH4. Fifth, similar in oxidation state -1, hydrogen can be either +1 or -1. There is also preparation of hydrogen in laboratory and industry. In laboratory, it can form by reaction of metal and electrolysis of water. In electrolysis of water, there is contain cathode and anode. Hydrogen will obtain in cathode. In industry, it can form by steam reforming process using hydrocarbon or coal. Major uses of hydrogen is in industry which in production of NH3, methanol, margarine, metals and fuel. I also learned about the special properties of hydrogen which hydrogen tends to form covalent bond with other element due to it small size that make it difficult to release electron. Second, it has shorter and stronger covalent bond. Bond strength increase, bond length decrease. Third, hydrogen can form interstitial hydrides with transition metals, lanthanides and actinide. Hydrogen bonding can form when hydrogen coupled with a high electronegative atom (F,O,N). Compound contain the coupled of hydrogen with F,O,N, have higher boiling point due to need more energy to breakdown the hydrogen bonding. On this topic also I learned about effect of hydrogen bond, such as unexpectedly high molecular weight due to hydrogen bonding. Second, density of solid is less than liquid due to larger volume as crystallization take place. For example, ice float in water. Third, solubility when molecule of solvent bonded to solute through hydrogen bond. I also get that hydrides of Li, Be and Mg have more covalent character due to small size and high density of ions. Next, learned about water,water is the most abundant subtances. AShow anomalous behaviour because of hydrogen bonding.
lastly, i still need to rewatch the video to understand and memorize the reaction. That's all from me, thank you Dr

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BALQIS BINTI MOHD AZMAN (A21HP0022)

Apa yang saya peroleh daripada sesi pembelajaran pada hari ini ialah tentang ciri dan sifat fizikal hydrogen dimana ia adalah unsur yang ke-3 terbanyak di muka bumi (air,bahan organik,element dalam matahari dlln). Selain daripada itu,Hydrogen juga adalah element paling ringan dimana ia mempunyai 1 atomic number sahaja.Ia dikategorikan sebagai element  kumpulan pertama (IA) kerana mempunyai 1 electron valence,walaubagaimanapun hydrogen juga dikelaskan  sebagai element kumpulan (VIIA) kerana susunan electronnya menghampiri (He) yang terletak didalam kumpulan (VIIIA).Hydrogen juga adalah gas yang tidak mempunyai sebarang bau,warna dan ia tidak larut didalam air.

Selain daripada itu juga, saya mengetahui bagaimana untuk menyediakan hydrogen didalam makmal dengan melalui 2 cara iaitu :
i) reaction of metal with diluted acid
ii) electrolysis of water,
manakala di dalam industri, kita boleh menghasilkan hydrogen dengan menggunakan hydrocarbon atau arang melalui proses 'steam reforming process'.Proses penghasilan hydrogen didalam industri ini berbeza sedikit kerana ia mempunyai kelemahan dimana produk utama yang digunakan ialah co2,co and also greenhouse gases yang boleh membahaya alam sekitar.

Seterusnya,kerana mempunyai saiz yang kecil juga, hydrogen cenderung untuk membentuk ikatan covalent (pendek dan kuat) bersama element lain kecuali element yang mempunyai 'electropositive metal seperti (Na)'.

seterusnya,'hydrogen bond' berlaku apabila atom hidrogen berkongsi pasangan elektron dengan atom unsur-unsur yang sangat elektronegatif seperti nitrogen, oksigen dan fluorin (F,O,N).
Antara kesan hydrogen bond ialah seperti :
i)density of the solid is less than in liquid.
ii)unexpecttedly high molecular weight of hydrogen
iii)the solubility also change when the molecule of the solvent bonded to the solute through hydrogen bond.

Akhirnya,kompoun hydrogen terbahagi kepada 3 iaitu,
i)ionic hydride
ii)covalent hydride
iii)nonstoichiometric hydride.

itu sahaja daripada saya,terima kasih dr :)🌸

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HYGROGEN SUMMARY -MUHAMMAD AMRUL BIN KHAIRUL NIZAM A21HP0080

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HYGROGEN SUMMARY -MUHAMMAD AMRUL BIN KHAIRUL NIZAM A21HP0080

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In this topic i learn about the properties of the Hydrogen element . From what i have learn , Hydrogen is one of the very important element to mankind because it has a lot of important role in our society , for example as fuel . Hydrogen position is in group 1A in periodic table but its also resemble with halogens which is group 5A (because it has 1 electron less than the nearest noble gas configuration ) . I also learn proses to produce Hydrogen using industrial method and in lab method . In lab there are 2 method to produce Hydrogen (reaction with diluted acid and electrolysis ) while in industry the known method is Steam Reforming Proses . Hydrogen has many uses in industrial world , for example in production of metal , production of margarine and as combustion fuel . I also learn about special properties of Hydrogen . One of the specialty of Hydrogen is , due to small size it tend to form covalent bond with other element ( except with very electropositive metals) , its also can form Hydrogen bond which is stronger than Van Der Waals force when hydrogen couple with F , O, N . Hydrogen bond has abnormal melting and boiling point which is high . one of the effect of hydrogen bond is making polar solvent soluble in water . There are different of binary hydrogen ( ionic hydride (LiH,NaH) and covalent hydride (water) , Hydroxonium ion (H30+) , interstitial hydride )

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MUHAMMAD HIFZHUDDIN BIN YUSRI (A21HP0091)

From the topic, the things that I can summarize is that hydrogen is a colourless gas, does not smell, tasteless, insoluble in water and has an extremely low melting and boiling point.

Hydrogen has a resemblance with,
1. Alkali metals by the electronic configuration with having one electron valence, electropositive character and oxidation state of +1.
2. Halogens by the electronic configuration with needing one more electron to achieve the noble gas configuration, non-metallic character, is a diatomic molecule, formation of similar types of compounds and oxidation state of -1.

Hydrogen can be prepared,
1. In the laboratory by,
a) Reaction of metal (Zn, Fe, Cu) with
diluted acid
b) Electrolysis of water
2. In the industry by 'Steam Reforming
Process' using hydrocarbon or coal

The major uses of hydrogen in industrial processes,
1. Production of ammonia (Haber process), fertilizers and plastics
2. Methanol production
3. Margarine production
4. Metals production
5. Fuel

When undergoing chemical reaction, atomic H can lose electron (H+), gain electron (H-) or either share a pair of electron with other atom forming a covalent bond.

The reaction of hydrogen,
1. Combustion
2. Act as a reducing agent
3. React with other more electronegative elements
4. React with more electropositive elements
5. Homolytic dissociation
6. Heterolytic dissociation
7. Radical Chain Reaction

Hydrogen form unusual attractive force called 'hydrogen bonding' when coupled to F, O or N making the molecules have an abnormal melting and boiling point. More energy/heat is required to break down the bond.

Compounds of hydrogen are classified as,
1. Ionic hydride
2. Covalent Hydride
3. Nonstoichiometric hydrides

That's all from me. Thank you Dr.

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MUHAMMAD AFKAR BIN NORALIMIN (A21HP0074)

Bagi tajuk ini apa yang saya dapat belajar adalah tentang ciri-ciri mengenai elemen hydrogen itu. sebelum ini mungkin saya tau hanya sedikit saja tapi apabila masuk dalam topik ini saya dapat tahu yang elemen hydrogen ni ada sebab kenapa boleh tergolong dalam group IA dan ada sebab juga boleh jadi duduk dalam group VIIA.
Selain itu, cara untuk mendapatkan hydrogen ada banyak. Melalui makmal dengan kaedah "reaction of metal" dan elektrolisis. Melalui industri kaedah digunakan adalah "steam reforming process". Terdapat 5 sebab kegunaan hydrogen dalam industri iaitu penghasilan NH3, penghasilan methanol, penghasilan marjerin, penghasilan logam dan sebagai gas (fuel).
Saya dapat tahu juga berkenaan chemical properties dan special properties hydrogen. Untuk chemical properties saya dapat tahu mengenai hydrogen boleh jadi dalam bentuk kation,anion dan covalent. Dalam reaction hydrogen ada combustion, reducing agent, react with more electronegative element, react with more electropositive element to form hydride, homolytic dissociation, heterolytic dissociation dan radical chain reaction. Untuk special properties, saiz hydrogen adalah kecil membuatkan mudah untuk form covalent bond. hydrogen juga boleh form interstitial hydride dengan lantahnide dan actinide. hydrogen boleh form three center bond (bridging form). hydrogen boleh form hydrogen bonding dengan F,O,N. takat didih dan takat lebur F,O,N apabila bonding dengan hydrogen adalah lebih tinggi berbanding element lain yang form bonding.
Kesan "hydrogen bond" ada 3. Yang pertama adalah unexpected high molecular weight contoh kes dimeric form untuk carboxylic acid dan dalam vapour state.  ketumpatan ais lebih kecil berbanding air walaupu kedua-dua nya ada hydrogen bond. Ini kerana adalah ais mempunyai ruang yang besar (crystalisation). Keterlarutan sesuatu bahan di dalam air mestilah in polar state/ionic molecules kerana H20 mempunyai H yang partially postive dan O yang partially negative.
Untuk compound hydride ada 3 iaitu saline hydride,covalent hydride dan nonstoichiometric hydride. Saline hydride adalah H yang form bond dengan highly electropositive element seperti alkali metal contohnya LiH dan NaH. saline hydride boleh mengalirkan elektrik apabila dalam molten state. Covalent hydride pula H yang form bond dengan non metal element seperti Cl,C dan N. H form bond with element in group IVA (contohnya C, carbon) akan dapat neutral substance. H form bond with element in group VA (contohnya N, nitrogen) akan dapat basic substance. H form bond with element in group VIA (contohnya S, sulfur) akan dapat weak acid/amphoteric substance. H form bond with element in group VIIA (contohnya Cl, klorin) akan dapat strong acid substance.
Selain itu, saya dapat tahu yang struktur air dan ais adalah berlainan. Struktur ais lebih nampak tersusun (hexagonal) yang menyebabkan ada ruang di antara hydrogen bond di dalam ais.
Hydroxonium ion (H3O+) adalah H+ (proton). H+ stabilkan H2O yang ada lone pair. Biasanya H3O+ berada di dalam acid form. reaction acid dan base akan dapat H2O
Interstitial hydride pula adalah H form bond with transition metals forming nonstoichiometric compound. The form bond = metallic bond. Disebabkan saiz H yang kecil, element di dalam transition metals akan absorbed dan located in regular interstices between metal atoms. Dan ini juga boleh jadikan sebagai hydrogen storage.
Itu saja daripada saya dr. Maaf atas ulasan pendek pada hari sebelum ni

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NURMAIZURAH BINTI NAZRI (A21HP0167)

The properties of hydrogen are colorless gas, tasteless and doesn't smell. Hydrogen known to be lightest element among others as it only have atomic number is 1. Some opinion has been issues about position of hydrogen as it can be alkali metal which is in group 1 and can be halogens which is in group 17 because of hydrogen contain one electron less and it near to get noble gas. Next, there are some preparation of hydrogen, there are using steam reforming process, water gas shift. These two only in in industrial only. While if we want to prepare hydrogen in the lab, we can use the reaction of metal and using electrolysis of water. The important part is in electrolysis of water, hydrogen will be obtained in cathode. Then, a lot od hydrogen can be use for daily life uses which are to produce ammonia as fertilizers by using Haber process, to produce methanol using steam reforming, to produce margarine we always use in our daily lives, produce metals that involve reduction process in the equation where oxidation no. decreases and lastly to produce fuel. As we all know, hydrogen is really dangerous and need to use very carefully as if we misuse helium as hydrogen instead, it can make explotion or bomb because reaction of hydrogen and oxygen will release high energy. Next, to make a hydrogen bonding, we need to make sure there will be F,O,N. For compounf of hydrides, hydrogen has three classify as ionic hydride or can be called as saline hydride, covalent hydride and nonstoichiometric hydrides. That it from me. I still need to understand again related equation and the rest about hydrogen.

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Name: Ain Asreena Binti Ramli (A21HP0008)
Hydrogen is the lightest element having only one atomic number, colorless gas, does not smell and tasteless. It is very harmful to humans.It does not dissolve in water because it is a nonpolar molecule while water is polar molecule. Hydrogen is a non metal, more resemblance with halogen group. Hydrogen can form bond  which called hydrogen bond. Any molecule that has hydrogen atom can attached directly to an oxygen,nitrogen and fluorine. Hydrogen used to produce ammonia(NH3) by undergoes Haber Process, produce methanol through steam reforming,produce metal and also as a fuel. Hydrogen can react through combustion, as reducing agent, with more electronegative elements and more electropositive elements forming hydride(H-). That's all from me, I will try to memorise about the equations of preparation of hydrogen,the reaction of hydrogen and major uses of hydrogen.

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MOHAMAD FARIS AIMAN MOHD AZAHRI (A21HP0063)

Apa yang saya dapat belajar pada hari ini ialah hydrogen merupakan suatu elemen yang sangat penting tetapi dalam masa yang sama sangat berbahaya dan perlu disimpan dan dijaga dengan betul untuk mengelakkan berlakunya kemalangan. Seterusnya, hydrogen dapat disusun dalam dua keadaan iaitu mengikut kumpulan 1 dan mengikut kumpulan 17. Jika mengikut kumpulan 1, justifikasinya adalah berdasarkan susunan elektronnya iaitu 1s1 yang memiliki satu elektron valens. Manakala untuk kumpulan 17, susunan elektronnya adalah menghampiri gas adi(kumpulan 18). Selain itu, terdapat pelbagai cara untuk kita perolehi hydrogen iaitu melalui elektrolisis air, reaksi antara zink dan HCL serta melalui industri. Hydrogen memiliki banyak kegunaan nya dalam kehidupan seharian yang membantu memudahkan kehidupan manusia. Yang paling mudah, hydrogen boleh digunakan sebagai fuel. Hydrogen juga memiliki ciri fizikal dan kimia yang tersendiri. Hydrogen adalah gas tidak bewarna dan tidak berbau. Dari segi sifat kimia, hydrogen boleh bertindak balas dengan oksigen untuk tindak balas pembakaran. Hydrogen juga boleh bertindak sebagai agen penurunan. Seterusnya, hydrogen memiliki sifat-sifat khas. Salah satu nya adalah dapat menghasilkan ikatan kovalen dengan elemen bukan logam. Selebihnya saya masih cuba fahamkan semula dengan menonton semula video yang telah Dr. Sheela rekod. Sekian terima kasih.