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Also called a "gonne."

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Ammunition consisting of small iron balls fired together. Sometimes used glass or other small objects that could wound someone.

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Troops stationed in a fortress or town to defend it.

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Military force raised by civilians to supplement a regular army.

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Member of an organized military force.

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Act of moving back or withdrawing.

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Battle of Camden

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Fort Moultrie

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Battle of Kings Mountain

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Revolutionary War

Events:
The Road to Independence - http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/outlines/history-2005/the-road-to-independence/

American Revolution web sites
http://americanhistory.about.com/cs/revolutionarywar/ American Revolution
http://www.theamericanrevolution.org/
http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/subjects/revolutionarywar.htm
http://www.revolutionary-war-and-beyond.com/

Earl y America - Archiving Early America - Timelines https://www.loc.gov/collections/continental-congress-and-constitutional-convention-from-1774-to-1789/articles-and-essays/timeline/
Revolutionary War events from US History.org - http://www.ushistory.org/us/7.asp

http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/revwartimeline.html Re volutionary War sites - National Parks - https://www.nps.gov/subjects/americanrevolution/visit.htm
Battles - maps and information - http://www.earlyamerica.com/teachersandstudents.html Lexington and Concord, Bunker Hill, and Trenton - Bennington - Saratoga War for Independence - Games - http://www.earlyamerica.com/games/
Quizzes - http://www.earlyamerica.com/quizzes.html

Spy Letters of the American Revolution
http://www2.si.umich.edu/spies/people.html https://clements.umich.edu/exhibit/spy-letters-of-the-american-revolution/
http://www.earlyamerica.com/ http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1197.html http://www.srcalifornia.com/colonial_chap2.htm http://teachinghistory.org/history-content/website-reviews/23159

Declaration of Independence:
Library of Congress - https://guides.loc.gov/declaration-of-independence?&loclr=reclnk
https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/creating-the-united-states/creating-the-declaration-of-independence.html
https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/declara/ Early America - https://www.varsitytutors.com/earlyamerica/freedom-documents/declaration-independence
National Archives - http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/declaration.html
*Users Guide to the Declaration of Independence - http://www.founding.com/ Biographies of the signers of the Declaration - http://www.colonialhall.com/biodoi.asp More Biographies - http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/signers/index.html
Transcript of the Declaration - http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/declaration.html
Transcript of the Constitution -http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution.html
Transcript of the Bill of Rights -http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/bill_of_rights.html

PBS - American Revolution - Liberty! Road to Revolution game

Bo ston Massacre video - http://vimeo.com/39497177

War of Independence - http://americanhistory.si.edu/militaryhistory/printable/section.asp?id=

Photographs of Revolutionary War battle sites and reenactments https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/revolutionary-war-reenactment?mediatype=photography&phrase=revolutionary%20war%20reenactment&sort=mostpopular
Blog - http://travelingtherevolution.blogspot.com/

PEOPLE:

George Washington - Library of Congress - http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/gwhtml/gwhome.html Letters of George Washington - https://washingtonpapers.org/ http://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/
https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/george-washington/
http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/biographies/george-washington/ http://www.biography.com/people/george-washington-9524786 http://www.american-presidents.com/george-washington
For students - http://www.mountvernon.org/educational-resources/for-students/
lesson plans - http://www.mountvernon.org/educational-resources/for-teachers/lesson-plans-and-materials/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington

Martha Washington - https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/first-ladies/martha-dandridge-custis-washington/
http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=1 http://www.history.org/almanack/people/bios/biomwash.cfm http://www.ushistory.org/valleyforge/served/martha.html http://www.marthawashington.us http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha_Washington

John Adams - second president - http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/articles/ushistory/johnadams1.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Adams http://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/john-adams/ http://www.famousamericans.net/benjaminedes/John-Adams.org/ http://web.archive.org/web/20050306124115/http://64.226.212.131/03_educators/teacher/boston.htm John Adams and the Boston Massacre - lesson plans for a trial -

Abigail Adams - wife of second president - http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first-ladies/abigail-smith-adams/http://www.abigailadams.org/
https://www.history.com/topics/first-ladies/abigail-adams
https://bwht.org/abigail-adams/
https://www.thoughtco.com/abigail-adams-biography-3525085
http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abigail_Adams

Samuel Adams - American patriot and revolutionary
http://www.colonialhall.com/adamss/adamss.php http://www.samuel-adams-heritage.com/ http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h645.html http://www.historycentral.com/Bio/RevoltBIOS/AdamsSamuel.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Adams

Ethan Allen - American hero - http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/biographies/ethan-allen/
http://www.ethanallenhomestead.org/a-short-biography-of-ethan-allen.html http://academics.smcvt.edu/thefort/History/EthanAllen.htm Reading and quiz - http://academics.smcvt.edu/lwilliams/VT_Readings/Ethan_Allen/ethan_allen.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethan_Allen
http://www.ouramericanrevolution.org/index.cfm/people/view/pp0040
http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/army/p/EthanAllen.htm

Major John Andre - British spy - http://www.ushistory.org/march/bio/andre.htm
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1276.html
https://www.loc.gov/search/?in=&q=major+andre&new=true http://www.publicbookshelf.com/public_html/The_Great_Republic_By_the_Master_Historians_Vol_II/majorjohn_hg.html

Benedict Arnold - American traitor - http://www.ushistory.org/valleyforge/served/arnold.html
https://www.varsitytutors.com/earlyamerica/portrait/benedict-arnold
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedict_Arnold http://www.cobblestonepub.com/resources/cob9911t.html
Teacher's Guide from Cobblestone Magazine about Arnold

Crispus Attucks - African American hero - http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part2/2p24.html https://www.history.com/news/crispus-attucks-american-revolution-boston-massacre
https://mrnussbaum.com/crispus-attucks-biography
http://www.biography.com/people/crispus-attucks-9191864 http://www.crispusattucksmuseum.org/biography/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crispus_Attucks

Josiah Bartlett - http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000206 John Burgoyne - http://www.masshist.org/bh/burgoynebio.html
http://www.nndb.com/people/238/000050088/ George Rogers Clark - http://www.in.gov/history/2339.htm http://www.in.gov/history/2958.htm http://www.in.gov/history/2973.htm http://www.grccsar.org/grc/index.html
http://www.locustgrove.org/aboutgrc.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Rogers_Clark http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Burgoyne http://www.colonialhall.com/bartlett/bartlett.php http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/signers/bartlett.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josiah_Bartlett

http://www.nndb.com/people/922/000049775/ http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1304.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis

Benjamin Franklin Patriot, inventor, statesman
https://www.fi.edu/benjamin-franklin-faq
Inventions - https://www.fi.edu/benjamin-franklin/inventions
Quotes - https://www.fi.edu/benjamin-franklin/inventions
http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/biographies/benjamin-franklin/ https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/franklin/
http://www.pbs.org/benfranklin/ The Electric Ben Franklin -
https://www.varsitytutors.com/earlyamerica/lives-early-america/autobiography-benjamin-franklin
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Franklin Ben Franklin for Kids- https://bensguide.gpo.gov/ http://www.ushistory.org/franklin/
Worksheet to accompany the Ben Franklin web site - click here After researching above, try the quiz at http://www.surfnetkids.com/games/franklin-sw.htm

http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1292.html http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/americanrevolutio1/p/gage.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gage

Horatio Gates - http://www.patriotresource.com/amerrev/people/continentals/gates.html http://explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php?markerId=1-A-173 http://www.biographybase.com/biography/Gates_Horatio.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horatio_Gates

Nathanael Greene - Quartermaster -
http://www.patriotresource.com/amerrev/people/continentals/greene.html https://www.battlefields.org/learn/biographies/nathanael-greene
http://www.ushistory.org/valleyforge/served/greene.html Nathan Hale - Connecticut hero - https://www.connecticutsar.org/the-nathan-hale-school-house-in-east-haddam/
Wiki - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan_Hale Nathan Hale for Kids John Hancock - Signer of Declaration - https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol17no4/pdf/v17i4a03p.pdf https://www.cia.gov/kids-page/6-12th-grade/operation-history/revolutionary-war.html#nate https://www.cia.gov/news-information/featured-story-archive/2007-featured-story-archive/nathan-hale.html http://www.colonialhall.com/hancock/hancock.php http://www.biography.com/people/john-hancock-9327271 http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/signers/hancock.htm http://www.johnhancock.org/ https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/10-fascinating-facts-about-john-hancock
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hancock https://www.thoughtco.com/major-general-nathanael-greene-2360621
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathanael_Greene http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2556

Patrick Henry - Virginia Orator http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/related/henry.htm http://www.redhill.org/biography.html http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h606.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Henry

William Howe - British General - http://earlyamerica.com/review/2001_winter_spring/howe_1.html http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0824356.html http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/americanrevolutio1/p/whowe.htm http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h667.html http://www.historynet.com/general-sir-william-howe.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Howe,_5th_Viscount_Howe

Thomas Jefferson - Writer of the Declaration and President
http://www.pbs.org/jefferson http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/biographies/thomas-jefferson/
http://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/thomas-jefferson/
http://www.biography.com/people/thomas-jefferson-9353715
http://www.monticello.org/site/jefferson
http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/signers/jefferson.htm
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/jefferson/
http://www.biography.com/people/thomas-jefferson-9353715
http://www.kathimitchell.com/tjwork.html Teacher's Guide for Cobblestone Magazine about Jefferson
http://www.cobblestonepub.com/resources/cob8909t.html

John Paul Jones - Naval hero - http://www.schoonerman.com/jpaulj.htm http://web2.iadfw.net/lrs/jones.html http://www.history.navy.mil/bios/jones_jp.htm http://www.americanrevolution.org/jpj.html http://www.seacoastnh.com/jpj/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Paul_Jones

Thaddeus Kosciuszko - http://www.polishamericancenter.org/Kosciuszko.htm http://www.polishamericancenter.org/KosciuszkoHistory.htm http://www.polishworld.com/polemb/const/tk.html http://21stcenturycicero.wordpress.com/friends/poland/tadeusz-kosciuszko/ http://www.ushistory.org/tour/kosciuszko.htm Marquis de Lafayette - http://www.ushistory.org/valleyforge/served/lafayette.html http://xenophongroup.com/mcjoynt/lafy-4.htm http://www.history.org/almanack/people/bios/biolafayette.cfm
Google book about Lafayette

Francis "Swamp Fox" Marion military leader from South Carolina
http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/americanrevolutio1/p/American-Revolution-Brigadier-General-Francis-Marion-The-Swamp-Fox.htm Wiki - http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/biography/fox.html http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1289.html
Google book about Marion plus another Google book http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Marion Teacher's Guide for 2001 Cobblestone issue about Francis Marion

James Otis - lawyer and revolutionary - http://www.foundersofamerica.org/jotis.html http://www.history1700s.com/articles/article1139.shtml http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1204.html http://history.howstuffworks.com/revolutionary-war/james-otis.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Otis,_Jr.

Thomas Paine http://www.barnstablepatriot.com/sscape/jotis.html - http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/B/tpaine/paine.htm http://www.ushistory.org/paine/ http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/paine.html http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap2/paine.html http://www.thomaspainesociety.org/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Paine
Read Thomas Paine's Common Sense - http://earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/commonsense/text.html

Kasimir Pulaski (also Casimir) - Chicago Public Library - http://cpl.lib.uic.edu/003cpl/pulaskibiog.html http://www.newbedford.k12.ma.us/elementary/casimir.htm http://www.polishamericancenter.org/Pulaski.htm http://polskiinternet.com/english/casimirpulaski.html http://www.plav.org/pulaski.htm http://www.pulaskiparade.com/pulaski.shtml http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimir_Pulaski

Paul Revere - http://www.paulreverehouse.org/bio/ http://www.earlyamerica.com/lives/revere/chapt1/index.html http://www.biographycentral.net/paul-revere.php http://www.americanrevolution.org/revere.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Revere
Paul Revere in NH? from SeacoastNH - The Midnight Ride - Betsy Ross http://www.historynet.com/paul-reveres-true-account-of-the-midnight-ride.htm http://historicphiladelphia.org/betsy-ross-house/woman/ http://www.biography.com/people/betsy-ross-9464205 http://betsyrossfacts.com/ Revolutionary War flags http://womenshistory.about.com/library/bio/blross.htm http://www.patriotresource.com/amerrev/people/patriots/revere.html http://www.paul-revere-heritage.com/ http://www.masshist.org/education/resources/blackington/paul_revere.pdf http://www.earlyamerica.com/lives/revere/ http://www.seacoastnh.com/history/rev/revere.html http://www.ushistory.org/betsy/flaglife.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betsy_Ross

Deborah Samson Fought in the Revolutionary War
http://userpages.aug.com/captbarb/femvets.html
http://www.distinguishedwomen.com/biographies/sampson.html http://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/deborah-sampson/ http://www.canton.org/samson/ http://www.sharonhistoricalsociety.org/All_Else/All_Pages/DEBORAH%20SAMPSON.pdf http://www.revolutionarywararchives.org/womansoldier.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deborah_Sampson

H aym Salomon - Benjamin Tallmadge Soldier/spy who captured Major Andre
http://btdistrict.org/about/
http://www.mountvernon.org/digital-encyclopedia/article/culper-spy-ring/
http://www.ouramericanrevolution.org/index.cfm/people/view/pp0057

Newsday Stories about Tallmadge and the spies:
Washington http://www.newsday.com/community/guide/lihistory/ny-history-hs417a,0,6764482.story?coll=ny-lihistory-navigation http://www.newsday.com/community/guide/lihistory/ny-history-hs419a,0,7026628.story?coll=ny-lihistory-navigation http://www.newsday.com/community/guide/lihistory/ny-history-hs420a,0,6043580.story?coll=ny-lihistory-navigation http://www.newsday.com/community/guide/lihistory/ny-history-hs430a,0,6240189.story?coll=ny-lihistory-navigation The Culper Gang - http://www2.si.umich.edu/spies/stories-networks-3.html
http://franklaughter.tripod.com/cgi-bin/history/culper.html

The Setauket Spies - http://www.threevillagehistoricalsociety.org/18thcent.html http://www.history.com/topics/culper-spy-ring http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Tallmadge http://www.jewishworldreview.com/jewish/salomon.asp http://www.revolutionarywararchives.org/salomon.html http://www.nps.gov/revwar/about_the_revolution/haym_salomom.html

Tench Tilghman - assistant to George Washington
https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/speccol/4873/html/216prog.html
http://www.marylandtheseventhstate.com/article1010.html http://www.aboutfamouspeople.com/article1019.html http://www.mdarchives.state.md.us/msa/speccol/4873/html/216prog.html http://web.archive.org/web/20040721084111/http:/www.thatharfordsite.com/history/maryland/tench_tilghman.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tench_Tilghman

Mattthew Thornton - Baron von Steuben - http://www.ushistory.org/valleyforge/served/steuben.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_von_Steuben http://www.colonialhall.com/thornton/thornton.php http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/signers/thornton.html
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/new-hampshire-patriot-matthew-thornton-dies http://www.londonderrynh.net/2010/07/matthew-thornton-signer-of-the-declaration-of-independence/23265 http://www.seacoastnh.com/framers/thornton.html http://www.seacoastnh.com/famous-people/link-free-or-die/matthew-thornton/ http://www.nps.gov/history/museum/exhibits/revwar/image_gal/indeimg/steuben.html http://www.bergencountyhistory.org/Pages/gnsteuben.html

William Whipple - http://www.colonialhall.com/whipple/whipple.php
http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/signers/whipple.html
http://www.whipple.org/william/index.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Whipple http://www.seacoastnh.com/framers/whipple.html http://www.seacoastnh.com/famous-people/framers-of-freedom/william-whipple/

Classroom Activities:

Activities for the Revolution War from 42explore - http://www.42explore2.com/revolt.htm

American Revolution Webquest - Benjamin Franklin scavenger hunt - http://web.archive.org/web/20041123030511/http://people2.clarityconnect.com/webpages4/kcarsons/oconunit/instruct.htm

Boston Tea Party play - http://www.boston-tea-party.org/reenactment/Act1.html

Core Knowledge American Revolution for Grade 4 http://www.coreknowledge.org/mimik/mimik_uploads/lesson_plans/1358/4_arevolutionaryidea.pdf EDSITEment - http://edsitement.neh.gov/subject/history-social-studies http://edsitement.neh.gov/lesson-plan/colonial-broadsides-and-american-revolution http://edsitement.neh.gov/lesson-plan/colonial-broadsides-student-created-play
https://edsitement.neh.gov/lesson-plans/why-do-we-remember-revere-paul-reveres-ride-history-and-literature
http://edsitement.neh.gov/lesson-plan/not-only-paul-revere-other-riders-american-revolution http://edsitement.neh.gov/lesson-plan/declare-causes-declaration-independence http://edsitement.neh.gov/lesson-plan/american-colonial-life-late-1700s-distant-cousins http://edsitement.neh.gov/lesson-plan/after-american-revolution-free-african-americans-north
https://edsitement.neh.gov/lesson-plans/argument-declaration-independence
https://edsitement.neh.gov/lesson-plans/lesson-3-george-washington-precedent-president
Events Leading to Revolution - PBS Chronicle of the Revolution - http://www.pbs.org/ktca/liberty/

Founding Fathers who signed the Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, and Constitution
http://www.colonialhall.com/biography.php

Join the Revolution from Education World - https://www.educationworld.com/a_lesson/lesson175.shtml
Revolutionary War Scavenger Hunt - http://www.educationworld.com/a_lesson/TM/WS_revolution_hunt.shtml

Le sson Plans from Mr. Donn - esson Plans - http://teacherlink.ed.usu.edu/tlresources/units/monsonunits/JenGri/index.htm
http://www.historycentral.com/Revolt/links/Educatorsrevolt.html
http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/revolution-images/
http://americanhistory.mrdonn.org/revolution.html
L

My Brother Sam is Dead Lesson Plan - https://www.sparknotes.com/lit/brothersam/
https://www.scholastic.com/teachers/lesson-plans/teaching-content/my-brother-sam-dead-discussion-guide/
http://mrsshuman.weebly.com/uploads/3/1/7/5/3175908/lg20432mybrothersam_1.pdf

Paul Revere's Ride by Longfellow - poem - https://poets.org/poem/paul-reveres-ride
Lesson plan - https://www.varsitytutors.com/englishteacher/paul-reveres-ride-lesson-plans

Revolutionary War Activities -
http://www.carolhurst.com/subjects/ushistory/revolution.html http://thematicunits.theteacherscorner.net/revolutionary-war.php
Make a Revolutionary War board game -
http://www.firstladies.org/curriculum/curriculum.aspx?Curriculum=954
Jeopardy Powerpoint Template on the Revolutionary War - https://web.archive.org/web/20141014031313/http://teach.fcps.net/trt10/Documents/revwar.ppt

Revolutionary War Internet Scavenger Hunt http://lasd.k12.pa.us/teachers/purnellj/RWHunt.html
Another Scavenger Hunt - http://faculty.usiouxfalls.edu/arpeterson/revolutionary_war_hunt.htm Revolutionary War Lesson Plans - scroll down the page - http://www.proteacher.com/090022.shtml

Revolutionary War maps from American Memory
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/gmdhtml/armhtml/armhome.html

Revolutionary War Web Quest - https://www.walnut.mntm.org/ewExternalFiles/AmericanRevolutionBattlesScavengerHunt.pdf
https://sites.google.com/a/wiaschool.org/ms-imran-s-social-studies/home/miscellaneous/revolutionary-war-webquest
ABCs of the Revolutionary War - Webquest - http://www.bushnell-pc.k12.il.us/elem/revwarwebquest.htm

American Revolutionary War Spy Webquest -http://staff.rsu21.net/revol_war/revolwar_webquest5.html

Reader's Theater play about the Boston Massacre (page 23) with lesson plans
http://www.huntington.org/uploadedFiles/Files/PDFs/LHTHTroubleBoston.pdf

Act One for a Boston Massacre skit-
http://teacher.scholastic.com/lessonrepro/reproducibles/profbooks/bostonmass.pdf

Another Boston Massacre skit

Move on to Making A New Government, Social Studies for Kids ,
or Mrs. Mitchell's Virtual School

This page was developed by Kathi Mitchell
and was last updated on February 8, 2021

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With more than 200 Revolutionary War battles and skirmishes having taken place in South Carolina, it would be difficult to visit every historical marker and battlefield in the state. For most visitors, taking in the primary sites is a more reasonable endeavor. Here are 10 Revolutionary War venues in South Carolina everyone should see.

This site offers visitors a two-for-one Revolutionary War experience. The Battle of Sullivan's Island was fought here on June 28, 1776 when defenders of partially completed Fort Sullivan under Col. William Moultrie defeated a British naval squadron, whose cannon balls could not damage the soft, palmetto-log walls of the fort. An amphibious landing by British troops also was repelled, prompting the British to withdraw and not return until 1780 when the second Siege of Charleston captured the city. The fort, as now constructed, was completed in 1809. Its interior has been restored to reflect American seacoast defenses from the Revolutionary War through World War II. Located near the fort is a National Park visitor center and an "African Passages" exhibit recounting the role Sullivan's Island played in the slave trade.

A number of actions took place in and around Camden during the Revolutionary War, and British Gen. Charles Lord Cornwallis commandeered the colonial Georgian house built by Joseph Kershaw from 1780-81. The 107-acre site features the reconstructed Kershaw-Cornwallis House and the rehabilitated 1800-era McCaa's Tavern. Other exhibits include log homes, the restored 1785 John Craven House, the 1830 Cunningham House (now an office and gift shop) and a blacksmith shed with working forge, as well as reconstructions of some of the fortifications built by the British. The first weekend in November, Historic Camden hosts the annual Revolutionary War Field Days, which attracts 500-600 re-enactors and includes a daily battle, history demonstrations, craftsmen, a period fashion show and kids' activities. The museum is open Tuesday-Saturday and Sunday afternoons, or by appointment.

Eutaw Springs Battlefield Park, Eutawville

Eutaw Springs is the site of the last Revolutionary War battle in South Carolina. It took place Sept. 8, 1781 when Gen. Nathanael Greene's 2,000 troops attacked a British camp on Eutaw Creek under the command of British Col. Alexander Stewart. The Americans drove out the British, but then stopped to loot the tents, and the British counterattack drove off Greene's men. Still, Greene's goal of preventing troops in South Carolina from joining up with Cornwallis in Virginia was accomplished. The battleground park on the banks of Lake Marion includes a historic marker telling the story of the battle. Also on the grounds is the tomb of British Major John Majoribanks, an accomplished commander.

On Aug. 19, 1780, one of the war's bloodiest clashes took place when a group of 200 Patriot militia men attacked what turned out to be a much larger force of Loyalists camped on the Enoree River. Rather than retreat, the Americans took up a strong defensive position, inflicting heavy casualties on the attacking Loyalists, who eventually gave up the counterattack. The park includes a visitor center with interpretative exhibits focusing on the battle and South Carolina's role in the war. A 2.5-mile nature trail takes you to the Enoree River, Cedar Shoals Creek and Horseshoe Falls, where according to legend the daughter of a mill owner hid a Patriot soldier from the British. Special events and living history programs take place throughout the year.

In June 1780, British dragoons (cavalry) under Capt. Christian Huck destroyed several Patriot militia camps in the area near the current city of Rock Hill. When Huck's troops set out to capture Patriot leaders Capt. John McClure and Col. William Bratton, the Americans turned the tables on Huck. At dawn on July 12, the patriots attacked the plantation home of James Williamson where Huck was camped, defeating the Tories in a 10-minute battle and killing Huck. The outcome encouraged Patriot supporters and set the stage for bigger victories at Kings Mountain and Cowpens. Historic Brattonsville has more than 30 colonial and antebellum structures, including two house museums, as well as an interpretive trail through the battlefield site and a nature preserve with miles of walking trails. Re-enactments and living history programs are staged periodically.

Though no battles were fought here, the station was the site of a military compound and trading post. It includes a stone blockhouse used by South Carolina militia from 1792-99 and the William Richards House, named for the Irish immigrant who built it in 1805. Both structures are open for tours on weekends and by appointment. Admission is free.

Considered the turning point of the Revolution in the South, the Battle of Cowpens was fought on Jan. 17, 1781 against regular British Army troops rather than Loyalist volunteers. American Gen. Daniel Morgan clashed with notorious British Col. Banastre Tarleton, who had been sent to counter efforts to cut British supply lines. The Americans retreated, but then took up defensive positions along the Broad River and withstood several British charges. When the American riflemen hit the attackers with massive fire from their right flank and a double envelopment, the British surrendered en masse after only an hour. Morgan lost just 12 men while killing 110 British soldiers, wounding 200 and capturing another 500. The 841-acre site includes a visitor center with museum and exhibits about the battle, a walking tour and a reconstructed log cabin that belonged to Robert Scruggs, who farmed the land before the park was established.

Originally known as Old Ninety Six and Star Fort, this was the site of the first battle of the Revolutionary War in South Carolina, as well as another battle/siege during the Americans' Southern campaign in 1781. The first clash on Nov. 19, 1775 saw Patriots besieged by Loyalist troops and the first South Carolina death of the war. In May and June 1781 - the longest siege of the war - Gen. Nathanael Greene's Americans surrounded the fort until 2,000 British troops relieved the garrison. The earthen Star Fort, named for its star-shaped design, is one of the best-preserved examples of 18th-century fortification. The 1,022-acre National Historic Site features a visitor center with artifacts found at the site and oil paintings of the battle, a video presentation about the battle and a gift shop. A one-mile trail takes visitors to the remains of Star Fort; other trails lead to an unidentified cemetery and the grave sites of two American officers.

Home of Charles and Mary Moore for 40 years, this plantation was built in 1767 and served as a meeting place and haven for Patriot militia forces during the Revolutionary War. Loyalist William "Bloody Bill" Cunningham raided the plantation in November 1781, killing a Patriot soldier sheltered by the Moore family. The site depicts how people settled the South Carolina backcountry and fought for independence. Along with the home and outlying buildings, visitors can view a cemetery and walk a nature trail or picnic at the home's pavilion.

Described as "the turn of the tide of success" by Thomas Jefferson, the Oct. 7, 1780 Battle of Kings Mountain was the first major Patriot victory following the British invasion and capture of Charleston in May 1780. The clash between Americans - Loyalists and Patriots, with no British troops involved - saw Patriot militia forces, including "over the mountain men," defeat Tory troops commanded by British Major Patrick Ferguson. The Patriots caught and surrounded the Loyalist forces, forcing them to surrender after Ferguson was killed. The victory came on the heels of several Patriot losses, boosting their morale and forcing Lord Cornwallis to end his plans to invade North Carolina. The National Military Park includes a 1.5-mile historic trail that follows the Patriot lines and ascends to where Loyalist troops were positioned. Several monuments, including one marking Ferguson's grave, recount the battle's events.

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The Revolutionary War in SC: 10 Best Sites

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With more than 200 Revolutionary War battles and skirmishes having taken place in South Carolina, it would be difficult to visit every historical marker and battlefield in the state. For most visitors, taking in the primary sites is a more reasonable endeavor. Here are 10 Revolutionary War venues in South Carolina everyone should see.

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Inquiry:
Standard 1: Formulate relevant, self-generated questions based on interests and/or needs that can be investigated.

Standard 2: Transact with texts to formulate questions, propose explanations, and consider alternative views and multiple perspectives.

Standard 5: Reflect throughout the inquiry process to assess metacognition, broaden understanding, and guide actions, both individually and collaboratively.

Reading:
Standard 7: Research events, topics, ideas, or concepts through multiple media, formats, and in visual, auditory, and kinesthetic modalities.

Social Studies:
4.2.CX Contextualize South Carolina’s role in the development of the new nation.

8.2.CO Compare the motives and demographics of loyalists and patriots within South Carolina and the colonies.

8.2.CX Contextualize the roles of various groups of South Carolinians as the colonies moved toward becoming an independent nation.

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You will be doing inquiry-driven research to create a virtual field trip.

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Battle of Cowpens - Defense in Depth Strategy

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Battle of Cowpens - Defense in Depth Strategy

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On a cold January morning 234 years ago, one of the most stunning events in American military history took place in a cattle pasture. Cowpens, South Carolina, was an overwhelming American victory, at a time when one was desperately needed.

What went so well? General Daniel Morgan understood the limitations and strengths of his troops, as well as those of his opponents. He used that to his advantage, along with a keen eye for terrain and a good understanding of the strategic satiation.

The regular armies of the Revolution used muskets, with an accurate range of about 100 yards, while militia often used hunting rifles. These frontier weapons had much greater range, but took twice as long to load as muskets. Innovative combat leaders like Morgan found ways to use these weapons and their tactics effectively, and more importantly, use them in concert.

By January, 1781, the British had overrun much of South Carolina. Morgan, with a detachment of Continental troops and militia, had been dispatched to the upper part of the state to bolster American morale there. A British strike force of infantry, cavalry, and artillery under Lt. Col. Banastre Tarleton moved out to attack him.

Tarleton was known for lighting-fast, hard-hitting tactics. This style had served him well time and time again: Waxhaws, Fishing Creek, Camden. Morgan knew that Tarleton would push his men hard in an effort to overtake him. He therefore surmised that once Tarleton caught up to the Americans, he would be anxious to bring on an engagement.

On January 17, the British rose at about 2 a.m. and did not have the luxury of a hot meal on that cold morning. They marched twelve miles to reach the clearing where Morgan's force waited for them.

Morgan planned a defense in depth, much like General William Hardee did at Avarasboro, North Carolina in 1865. He put his men into three lines, with his marksmen in front (North and South Carolina militia), and his main militia line in the center, and the Continental troops in the third (Delaware and Maryland Continentals as well as Virginia state troops).

Morgan knew his men, and he knew what they were and were not capable of. His militia were not well drilled in close order combat. They were excellent shots, and true to their cause, yet they could not stand up to a bayonet charge. Rifles did not take bayonets, and a rifle took a full minute to load, plenty of time for a bayonet wielding British soldier to close in.

Thus Morgan had his first line of riflemen harass and disrupt the British, then fall back to the second line. The second line, upon absorbing the first, were to then fire two shots. They were instructed to specifically target officers, which would break down command and control among the English. The first line was about 150 yards from the second, which was about 100 from the third. All were within range, line of sight, and more importantly, supporting distance, of one another.

As the British pushed the first and second lines back, they would be taking casualties, and become fatigued. By the time they got the third line, Morgan's most reliable troops- the Continentals- would be waiting for them. It not only suited the style of attack Tarleton favored, but played into his preconceived mindset about how the battle should go.

Not only were the best shots in the front two lines, but by falling back, they gave the appearance of giving way, luring the British forward. In previous battles, militia had broken and retreated, resulting in British victory. Tarleton would see this unfolding again before his eyes, yet this time it was planned.

Shortly after sunrise, as British dragoons led their advance, they entered the clearing at the Cowpens and saw the militia skirmish line ahead of them on slightly elevated ground. Anxious to finish off the enemy, Tarleton aggressively pushed his men ahead.

The first line, composed of two companies of South Carolina militia, did their job admirably. They loaded and fired with precision, carefully picking their targets. They delayed and harassed the British deployment, and their stubborn stand denied Tarleton a chance to see the larger picture. As the British line formed up and began to advance, they fell back and joined the flanks of the second line,

The second line, composed of South Carolina militia, fired inflicted heavy casualties on the British. Yet they kept coming, bayonets pointed forward. Having fired one shot, some two, they then fell back behind the last line, the Continental troops (this in itself was quite a feat- the passage of lines while under fire). Fresh and ready for action, the Continental troops exchanged volleys with the British for about 15 minutes.

Then, one of those instances occurred that battles often hinge on. A confused order caused a Maryland unit to pull out of line on the American right flank. They marched off in good order, loading their muskets as they marched. Seeing this, Morgan rode up to consult with their commander. The troops were instructed to turn around and fire.

In the meantime, the 71st highlanders charged forward for the kill, thinking the third line was breaking. They were stunned by the sudden American volley. Then the rest of the American line surged forward, and overwhelmed the exhausted British troops. It probably all took about forty five minutes.

The lopsided victory, coming after months of defeat for American forces, was stunning: Tarleton lost 110 killed, over 200 wounded and 500 captured- about 800 of the 900 he led onto the field. Morgan lost only 12 killed and 60 wounded. The spoils also included the capture of two regimental flags of the 7th Regiment, two cannons, 800 muskets, and a portable forge.

A combination of planning, knowledge of his opponent, familiarity with his troops' qualities, and a bit of luck, all played a part in Morgan's victory. General Nathanael Greene, American commander in the South, used the defense in depth concept again two months later at Guilford Courthouse, North Carolina. The strategy was also used in the future, such as at Avarasboro in 1865. Weaponry, technology, and circumstances varied, but the results were often similar: wearing down the enemy, though not always with the decisive result as at Cowpens.

For further reading:

Babits, Lawrence. A Devil of a Whipping. Chapel Hill: UNC Press, 1989.

Fleming, Thomas. Cowpens: Downright Fighting. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1988.

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On a cold January morning 234 years ago, one of the most stunning events in American military history took place in a cattle pasture. Cowpens, South Carolina, was an overwhelming American victory, at a time when one was desperately needed. What went so well?

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British army moved to the southern colonies after unable to defeat northern ones. They won in Charlestown  and Camden.

Patriots began winning in the fall of 1780, with battle of Kings Mountain (Oct 1780)  and Battle of Cowpens. (Jan 1781).

Daniel Morgan on Patriots side assembled a group to fight against British.

Jan 17 1781 - Battle of Cowpens - Patriots used war strategy of “defense in depth”

Patriots attacked British

Patriots were surrounded but Morgan told them to volley fire at the British to secure their victory.

Patriots volley fired and turned the tables of the battle to their favor. They were able to surround the British army and claim victory of the Battle of Cowpens.

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British Army (England) - Redcoats - Lord Charles Earl Cornwall - appointed by Gen. Clinton to lead the Southern Campaign (from NC down to Camden…)
BanastreTarleton -

Patriot Army (13 Colonies) - Colonists - Daniel Morgan
General Horatio Gates - leading general

2nd in command - Baron Johann DeKalb

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Military maneuver where forces attack both sides of an enemy.

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the concept of having soldiers shoot at the same direction in mass.

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intended to make someone feel mortified or humiliated.

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also known as a deep or elastic defense, seeks to delay, rather than prevent, the advance of an attacker, buying time and inflicting additional casualties by trading time for space.

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a small military camp or position at some distance from the main force, used especially as a guard against surprise attack.

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a type of soldier that is mounted on a horse and rides into battle that way, but gets off of their horse to fight on the ground.

Trained in horse-riding as well as infantry fighting skills.

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What role did South Carolina play in the American Revolutionary War?

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is point of view: how someone sees a situation, their feelings about a situation, their opinions of a situation, and the like.

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